[SCM] giada/master: Updated patches through gbp-pq

umlaeute at users.alioth.debian.org umlaeute at users.alioth.debian.org
Wed Oct 25 18:32:40 UTC 2017


The following commit has been merged in the master branch:
commit 2201bde8a7b487d2f3dd864a3762155a00391a47
Author: IOhannes m zmölnig <zmoelnig at iem.at>
Date:   Wed Oct 25 14:35:04 2017 +0200

    Updated patches through gbp-pq

diff --git a/debian/patches/01-rtaudio5.patch b/debian/patches/01-rtaudio5.patch
index 808b966..850ca6b 100644
--- a/debian/patches/01-rtaudio5.patch
+++ b/debian/patches/01-rtaudio5.patch
@@ -1,9 +1,17 @@
+From: =?utf-8?q?IOhannes_m_zm=C3=B6lnig?= <umlaeute at debian.org>
+Date: Wed, 25 Oct 2017 14:21:33 +0200
 Subject: updated bundled and hacked RtAudio to RtAudio5
-From: IOhannes m zmölnig <umlaeute at debian.org>
-Date: Wed Oct 25 14:21:33 CEST 2017
---- giada.orig/src/deps/rtaudio-mod/RtAudio.cpp
-+++ giada/src/deps/rtaudio-mod/RtAudio.cpp
-@@ -1,10237 +1,10337 @@
+
+---
+ src/deps/rtaudio-mod/RtAudio.cpp | 20573 +++++++++++++++++++------------------
+ src/deps/rtaudio-mod/RtAudio.h   |   116 +-
+ 2 files changed, 10396 insertions(+), 10293 deletions(-)
+
+diff --git a/src/deps/rtaudio-mod/RtAudio.cpp b/src/deps/rtaudio-mod/RtAudio.cpp
+index 1586aaa..50c1ea8 100755
+--- a/src/deps/rtaudio-mod/RtAudio.cpp
++++ b/src/deps/rtaudio-mod/RtAudio.cpp
+@@ -1,10237 +1,10336 @@
 -/************************************************************************/
 -/*! \class RtAudio
 -    \brief Realtime audio i/o C++ classes.
@@ -10243,41 +10251,41 @@ Date: Wed Oct 25 14:21:33 CEST 2017
 -  // vim: et sts=2 sw=2
 +/************************************************************************/
 +/*! \class RtAudio
-+\brief Realtime audio i/o C++ classes.
-+
-+RtAudio provides a common API (Application Programming Interface)
-+for realtime audio input/output across Linux (native ALSA, Jack,
-+and OSS), Macintosh OS X (CoreAudio and Jack), and Windows
-+(DirectSound, ASIO and WASAPI) operating systems.
-+
-+RtAudio WWW site: http://www.music.mcgill.ca/~gary/rtaudio/
-+
-+RtAudio: realtime audio i/o C++ classes
-+Copyright (c) 2001-2017 Gary P. Scavone
-+
-+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person
-+obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files
-+(the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction,
-+including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge,
-+publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software,
-+and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so,
-+subject to the following conditions:
-+
-+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
-+included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
-+
-+Any person wishing to distribute modifications to the Software is
-+asked to send the modifications to the original developer so that
-+they can be incorporated into the canonical version.  This is,
-+however, not a binding provision of this license.
-+
-+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
-+EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
-+MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.
-+IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR
-+ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF
-+CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
-+WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
++    \brief Realtime audio i/o C++ classes.
++
++    RtAudio provides a common API (Application Programming Interface)
++    for realtime audio input/output across Linux (native ALSA, Jack,
++    and OSS), Macintosh OS X (CoreAudio and Jack), and Windows
++    (DirectSound, ASIO and WASAPI) operating systems.
++
++    RtAudio WWW site: http://www.music.mcgill.ca/~gary/rtaudio/
++
++    RtAudio: realtime audio i/o C++ classes
++    Copyright (c) 2001-2017 Gary P. Scavone
++
++    Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person
++    obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files
++    (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction,
++    including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge,
++    publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software,
++    and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so,
++    subject to the following conditions:
++
++    The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
++    included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
++
++    Any person wishing to distribute modifications to the Software is
++    asked to send the modifications to the original developer so that
++    they can be incorporated into the canonical version.  This is,
++    however, not a binding provision of this license.
++
++    THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
++    EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
++    MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.
++    IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR
++    ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF
++    CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
++    WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
 +*/
 +/************************************************************************/
 +
@@ -10294,40 +10302,40 @@ Date: Wed Oct 25 14:21:33 CEST 2017
 +// Static variable definitions.
 +const unsigned int RtApi::MAX_SAMPLE_RATES = 14;
 +const unsigned int RtApi::SAMPLE_RATES[] = {
-+4000, 5512, 8000, 9600, 11025, 16000, 22050,
-+32000, 44100, 48000, 88200, 96000, 176400, 192000
++  4000, 5512, 8000, 9600, 11025, 16000, 22050,
++  32000, 44100, 48000, 88200, 96000, 176400, 192000
 +};
 +
 +#if defined(__WINDOWS_DS__) || defined(__WINDOWS_ASIO__) || defined(__WINDOWS_WASAPI__)
-+#define MUTEX_INITIALIZE(A) InitializeCriticalSection(A)
-+#define MUTEX_DESTROY(A)    DeleteCriticalSection(A)
-+#define MUTEX_LOCK(A)       EnterCriticalSection(A)
-+#define MUTEX_UNLOCK(A)     LeaveCriticalSection(A)
-+
-+#include "tchar.h"
-+
-+static std::string convertCharPointerToStdString(const char *text)
-+{
-+return std::string(text);
-+}
-+
-+static std::string convertCharPointerToStdString(const wchar_t *text)
-+{
-+int length = WideCharToMultiByte(CP_UTF8, 0, text, -1, NULL, 0, NULL, NULL);
-+std::string s( length-1, '\0' );
-+WideCharToMultiByte(CP_UTF8, 0, text, -1, &s[0], length, NULL, NULL);
-+return s;
-+}
++  #define MUTEX_INITIALIZE(A) InitializeCriticalSection(A)
++  #define MUTEX_DESTROY(A)    DeleteCriticalSection(A)
++  #define MUTEX_LOCK(A)       EnterCriticalSection(A)
++  #define MUTEX_UNLOCK(A)     LeaveCriticalSection(A)
++
++  #include "tchar.h"
++
++  static std::string convertCharPointerToStdString(const char *text)
++  {
++    return std::string(text);
++  }
++
++  static std::string convertCharPointerToStdString(const wchar_t *text)
++  {
++    int length = WideCharToMultiByte(CP_UTF8, 0, text, -1, NULL, 0, NULL, NULL);
++    std::string s( length-1, '\0' );
++    WideCharToMultiByte(CP_UTF8, 0, text, -1, &s[0], length, NULL, NULL);
++    return s;
++  }
 +
 +#elif defined(__LINUX_ALSA__) || defined(__LINUX_PULSE__) || defined(__UNIX_JACK__) || defined(__LINUX_OSS__) || defined(__MACOSX_CORE__)
-+// pthread API
-+#define MUTEX_INITIALIZE(A) pthread_mutex_init(A, NULL)
-+#define MUTEX_DESTROY(A)    pthread_mutex_destroy(A)
-+#define MUTEX_LOCK(A)       pthread_mutex_lock(A)
-+#define MUTEX_UNLOCK(A)     pthread_mutex_unlock(A)
++  // pthread API
++  #define MUTEX_INITIALIZE(A) pthread_mutex_init(A, NULL)
++  #define MUTEX_DESTROY(A)    pthread_mutex_destroy(A)
++  #define MUTEX_LOCK(A)       pthread_mutex_lock(A)
++  #define MUTEX_UNLOCK(A)     pthread_mutex_unlock(A)
 +#else
-+#define MUTEX_INITIALIZE(A) abs(*A) // dummy definitions
-+#define MUTEX_DESTROY(A)    abs(*A) // dummy definitions
++  #define MUTEX_INITIALIZE(A) abs(*A) // dummy definitions
++  #define MUTEX_DESTROY(A)    abs(*A) // dummy definitions
 +#endif
 +
 +// *************************************************** //
@@ -10338,138 +10346,138 @@ Date: Wed Oct 25 14:21:33 CEST 2017
 +
 +std::string RtAudio :: getVersion( void )
 +{
-+return RTAUDIO_VERSION;
++  return RTAUDIO_VERSION;
 +}
 +
 +void RtAudio :: getCompiledApi( std::vector<RtAudio::Api> &apis )
 +{
-+apis.clear();
++  apis.clear();
 +
-+// The order here will control the order of RtAudio's API search in
-+// the constructor.
++  // The order here will control the order of RtAudio's API search in
++  // the constructor.
 +#if defined(__UNIX_JACK__)
-+apis.push_back( UNIX_JACK );
++  apis.push_back( UNIX_JACK );
 +#endif
 +#if defined(__LINUX_ALSA__)
-+apis.push_back( LINUX_ALSA );
++  apis.push_back( LINUX_ALSA );
 +#endif
 +#if defined(__LINUX_PULSE__)
-+apis.push_back( LINUX_PULSE );
++  apis.push_back( LINUX_PULSE );
 +#endif
 +#if defined(__LINUX_OSS__)
-+apis.push_back( LINUX_OSS );
++  apis.push_back( LINUX_OSS );
 +#endif
 +#if defined(__WINDOWS_ASIO__)
-+apis.push_back( WINDOWS_ASIO );
++  apis.push_back( WINDOWS_ASIO );
 +#endif
 +#if defined(__WINDOWS_WASAPI__)
-+apis.push_back( WINDOWS_WASAPI );
++  apis.push_back( WINDOWS_WASAPI );
 +#endif
 +#if defined(__WINDOWS_DS__)
-+apis.push_back( WINDOWS_DS );
++  apis.push_back( WINDOWS_DS );
 +#endif
 +#if defined(__MACOSX_CORE__)
-+apis.push_back( MACOSX_CORE );
++  apis.push_back( MACOSX_CORE );
 +#endif
 +#if defined(__RTAUDIO_DUMMY__)
-+apis.push_back( RTAUDIO_DUMMY );
++  apis.push_back( RTAUDIO_DUMMY );
 +#endif
 +}
 +
 +void RtAudio :: openRtApi( RtAudio::Api api )
 +{
-+if ( rtapi_ )
-+delete rtapi_;
-+rtapi_ = 0;
++  if ( rtapi_ )
++    delete rtapi_;
++  rtapi_ = 0;
 +
 +#if defined(__UNIX_JACK__)
-+if ( api == UNIX_JACK )
-+rtapi_ = new RtApiJack();
++  if ( api == UNIX_JACK )
++    rtapi_ = new RtApiJack();
 +#endif
 +#if defined(__LINUX_ALSA__)
-+if ( api == LINUX_ALSA )
-+rtapi_ = new RtApiAlsa();
++  if ( api == LINUX_ALSA )
++    rtapi_ = new RtApiAlsa();
 +#endif
 +#if defined(__LINUX_PULSE__)
-+if ( api == LINUX_PULSE )
-+rtapi_ = new RtApiPulse();
++  if ( api == LINUX_PULSE )
++    rtapi_ = new RtApiPulse();
 +#endif
 +#if defined(__LINUX_OSS__)
-+if ( api == LINUX_OSS )
-+rtapi_ = new RtApiOss();
++  if ( api == LINUX_OSS )
++    rtapi_ = new RtApiOss();
 +#endif
 +#if defined(__WINDOWS_ASIO__)
-+if ( api == WINDOWS_ASIO )
-+rtapi_ = new RtApiAsio();
++  if ( api == WINDOWS_ASIO )
++    rtapi_ = new RtApiAsio();
 +#endif
 +#if defined(__WINDOWS_WASAPI__)
-+if ( api == WINDOWS_WASAPI )
-+rtapi_ = new RtApiWasapi();
++  if ( api == WINDOWS_WASAPI )
++    rtapi_ = new RtApiWasapi();
 +#endif
 +#if defined(__WINDOWS_DS__)
-+if ( api == WINDOWS_DS )
-+rtapi_ = new RtApiDs();
++  if ( api == WINDOWS_DS )
++    rtapi_ = new RtApiDs();
 +#endif
 +#if defined(__MACOSX_CORE__)
-+if ( api == MACOSX_CORE )
-+rtapi_ = new RtApiCore();
++  if ( api == MACOSX_CORE )
++    rtapi_ = new RtApiCore();
 +#endif
 +#if defined(__RTAUDIO_DUMMY__)
-+if ( api == RTAUDIO_DUMMY )
-+rtapi_ = new RtApiDummy();
++  if ( api == RTAUDIO_DUMMY )
++    rtapi_ = new RtApiDummy();
 +#endif
 +}
 +
 +RtAudio :: RtAudio( RtAudio::Api api )
 +{
-+rtapi_ = 0;
++  rtapi_ = 0;
 +
-+if ( api != UNSPECIFIED ) {
-+// Attempt to open the specified API.
-+openRtApi( api );
-+if ( rtapi_ ) return;
++  if ( api != UNSPECIFIED ) {
++    // Attempt to open the specified API.
++    openRtApi( api );
++    if ( rtapi_ ) return;
 +
-+// No compiled support for specified API value.  Issue a debug
-+// warning and continue as if no API was specified.
-+std::cerr << "\nRtAudio: no compiled support for specified API argument!\n" << std::endl;
-+}
++    // No compiled support for specified API value.  Issue a debug
++    // warning and continue as if no API was specified.
++    std::cerr << "\nRtAudio: no compiled support for specified API argument!\n" << std::endl;
++  }
 +
-+// Iterate through the compiled APIs and return as soon as we find
-+// one with at least one device or we reach the end of the list.
-+std::vector< RtAudio::Api > apis;
-+getCompiledApi( apis );
-+for ( unsigned int i=0; i<apis.size(); i++ ) {
-+openRtApi( apis[i] );
-+if ( rtapi_ && rtapi_->getDeviceCount() ) break;
-+}
++  // Iterate through the compiled APIs and return as soon as we find
++  // one with at least one device or we reach the end of the list.
++  std::vector< RtAudio::Api > apis;
++  getCompiledApi( apis );
++  for ( unsigned int i=0; i<apis.size(); i++ ) {
++    openRtApi( apis[i] );
++    if ( rtapi_ && rtapi_->getDeviceCount() ) break;
++  }
 +
-+if ( rtapi_ ) return;
++  if ( rtapi_ ) return;
 +
-+// It should not be possible to get here because the preprocessor
-+// definition __RTAUDIO_DUMMY__ is automatically defined if no
-+// API-specific definitions are passed to the compiler. But just in
-+// case something weird happens, we'll thow an error.
-+std::string errorText = "\nRtAudio: no compiled API support found ... critical error!!\n\n";
-+throw( RtAudioError( errorText, RtAudioError::UNSPECIFIED ) );
++  // It should not be possible to get here because the preprocessor
++  // definition __RTAUDIO_DUMMY__ is automatically defined if no
++  // API-specific definitions are passed to the compiler. But just in
++  // case something weird happens, we'll thow an error.
++  std::string errorText = "\nRtAudio: no compiled API support found ... critical error!!\n\n";
++  throw( RtAudioError( errorText, RtAudioError::UNSPECIFIED ) );
 +}
 +
 +RtAudio :: ~RtAudio()
 +{
-+if ( rtapi_ )
-+delete rtapi_;
++  if ( rtapi_ )
++    delete rtapi_;
 +}
 +
 +void RtAudio :: openStream( RtAudio::StreamParameters *outputParameters,
-+RtAudio::StreamParameters *inputParameters,
-+RtAudioFormat format, unsigned int sampleRate,
-+unsigned int *bufferFrames,
-+RtAudioCallback callback, void *userData,
-+RtAudio::StreamOptions *options,
-+RtAudioErrorCallback errorCallback )
++                            RtAudio::StreamParameters *inputParameters,
++                            RtAudioFormat format, unsigned int sampleRate,
++                            unsigned int *bufferFrames,
++                            RtAudioCallback callback, void *userData,
++                            RtAudio::StreamOptions *options,
++                            RtAudioErrorCallback errorCallback )
 +{
-+return rtapi_->openStream( outputParameters, inputParameters, format,
-+sampleRate, bufferFrames, callback,
-+userData, options, errorCallback );
++  return rtapi_->openStream( outputParameters, inputParameters, format,
++                             sampleRate, bufferFrames, callback,
++                             userData, options, errorCallback );
 +}
 +
 +// *************************************************** //
@@ -10481,215 +10489,207 @@ Date: Wed Oct 25 14:21:33 CEST 2017
 +
 +RtApi :: RtApi()
 +{
-+stream_.state = STREAM_CLOSED;
-+stream_.mode = UNINITIALIZED;
-+stream_.apiHandle = 0;
-+stream_.userBuffer[0] = 0;
-+stream_.userBuffer[1] = 0;
-+MUTEX_INITIALIZE( &stream_.mutex );
-+showWarnings_ = true;
-+firstErrorOccurred_ = false;
++  stream_.state = STREAM_CLOSED;
++  stream_.mode = UNINITIALIZED;
++  stream_.apiHandle = 0;
++  stream_.userBuffer[0] = 0;
++  stream_.userBuffer[1] = 0;
++  MUTEX_INITIALIZE( &stream_.mutex );
++  showWarnings_ = true;
++  firstErrorOccurred_ = false;
 +}
 +
 +RtApi :: ~RtApi()
 +{
-+MUTEX_DESTROY( &stream_.mutex );
++  MUTEX_DESTROY( &stream_.mutex );
 +}
 +
 +void RtApi :: openStream( RtAudio::StreamParameters *oParams,
-+RtAudio::StreamParameters *iParams,
-+RtAudioFormat format, unsigned int sampleRate,
-+unsigned int *bufferFrames,
-+RtAudioCallback callback, void *userData,
-+RtAudio::StreamOptions *options,
-+RtAudioErrorCallback errorCallback )
++                          RtAudio::StreamParameters *iParams,
++                          RtAudioFormat format, unsigned int sampleRate,
++                          unsigned int *bufferFrames,
++                          RtAudioCallback callback, void *userData,
++                          RtAudio::StreamOptions *options,
++                          RtAudioErrorCallback errorCallback )
 +{
-+if ( stream_.state != STREAM_CLOSED ) {
-+errorText_ = "RtApi::openStream: a stream is already open!";
-+error( RtAudioError::INVALID_USE );
-+return;
-+}
-+
-+// Clear stream information potentially left from a previously open stream.
-+clearStreamInfo();
-+
-+if ( oParams && oParams->nChannels < 1 ) {
-+errorText_ = "RtApi::openStream: a non-NULL output StreamParameters structure cannot have an nChannels value less than one.";
-+error( RtAudioError::INVALID_USE );
-+return;
-+}
-+
-+if ( iParams && iParams->nChannels < 1 ) {
-+errorText_ = "RtApi::openStream: a non-NULL input StreamParameters structure cannot have an nChannels value less than one.";
-+error( RtAudioError::INVALID_USE );
-+return;
-+}
-+
-+if ( oParams == NULL && iParams == NULL ) {
-+errorText_ = "RtApi::openStream: input and output StreamParameters structures are both NULL!";
-+error( RtAudioError::INVALID_USE );
-+return;
-+}
-+
-+if ( formatBytes(format) == 0 ) {
-+errorText_ = "RtApi::openStream: 'format' parameter value is undefined.";
-+error( RtAudioError::INVALID_USE );
-+return;
-+}
-+
-+unsigned int nDevices = getDeviceCount();
-+unsigned int oChannels = 0;
-+if ( oParams ) {
-+oChannels = oParams->nChannels;
-+if ( oParams->deviceId >= nDevices ) {
-+errorText_ = "RtApi::openStream: output device parameter value is invalid.";
-+error( RtAudioError::INVALID_USE );
-+return;
-+}
-+}
-+
-+unsigned int iChannels = 0;
-+if ( iParams ) {
-+iChannels = iParams->nChannels;
-+if ( iParams->deviceId >= nDevices ) {
-+errorText_ = "RtApi::openStream: input device parameter value is invalid.";
-+error( RtAudioError::INVALID_USE );
-+return;
-+}
-+}
-+
-+bool result;
-+
-+if ( oChannels > 0 ) {
-+
-+result = probeDeviceOpen( oParams->deviceId, OUTPUT, oChannels, oParams->firstChannel,
-+sampleRate, format, bufferFrames, options );
-+if ( result == false ) {
-+error( RtAudioError::SYSTEM_ERROR );
-+return;
-+}
-+}
-+
-+if ( iChannels > 0 ) {
-+
-+result = probeDeviceOpen( iParams->deviceId, INPUT, iChannels, iParams->firstChannel,
-+sampleRate, format, bufferFrames, options );
-+if ( result == false ) {
-+if ( oChannels > 0 ) closeStream();
-+error( RtAudioError::SYSTEM_ERROR );
-+return;
-+}
-+}
-+
-+stream_.callbackInfo.callback = (void *) callback;
-+stream_.callbackInfo.userData = userData;
-+stream_.callbackInfo.errorCallback = (void *) errorCallback;
-+
-+if ( options ) options->numberOfBuffers = stream_.nBuffers;
-+stream_.state = STREAM_STOPPED;
++  if ( stream_.state != STREAM_CLOSED ) {
++    errorText_ = "RtApi::openStream: a stream is already open!";
++    error( RtAudioError::INVALID_USE );
++    return;
++  }
++
++  // Clear stream information potentially left from a previously open stream.
++  clearStreamInfo();
++
++  if ( oParams && oParams->nChannels < 1 ) {
++    errorText_ = "RtApi::openStream: a non-NULL output StreamParameters structure cannot have an nChannels value less than one.";
++    error( RtAudioError::INVALID_USE );
++    return;
++  }
++
++  if ( iParams && iParams->nChannels < 1 ) {
++    errorText_ = "RtApi::openStream: a non-NULL input StreamParameters structure cannot have an nChannels value less than one.";
++    error( RtAudioError::INVALID_USE );
++    return;
++  }
++
++  if ( oParams == NULL && iParams == NULL ) {
++    errorText_ = "RtApi::openStream: input and output StreamParameters structures are both NULL!";
++    error( RtAudioError::INVALID_USE );
++    return;
++  }
++
++  if ( formatBytes(format) == 0 ) {
++    errorText_ = "RtApi::openStream: 'format' parameter value is undefined.";
++    error( RtAudioError::INVALID_USE );
++    return;
++  }
++
++  unsigned int nDevices = getDeviceCount();
++  unsigned int oChannels = 0;
++  if ( oParams ) {
++    oChannels = oParams->nChannels;
++    if ( oParams->deviceId >= nDevices ) {
++      errorText_ = "RtApi::openStream: output device parameter value is invalid.";
++      error( RtAudioError::INVALID_USE );
++      return;
++    }
++  }
++
++  unsigned int iChannels = 0;
++  if ( iParams ) {
++    iChannels = iParams->nChannels;
++    if ( iParams->deviceId >= nDevices ) {
++      errorText_ = "RtApi::openStream: input device parameter value is invalid.";
++      error( RtAudioError::INVALID_USE );
++      return;
++    }
++  }
++
++  bool result;
++
++  if ( oChannels > 0 ) {
++
++    result = probeDeviceOpen( oParams->deviceId, OUTPUT, oChannels, oParams->firstChannel,
++                              sampleRate, format, bufferFrames, options );
++    if ( result == false ) {
++      error( RtAudioError::SYSTEM_ERROR );
++      return;
++    }
++  }
++
++  if ( iChannels > 0 ) {
++
++    result = probeDeviceOpen( iParams->deviceId, INPUT, iChannels, iParams->firstChannel,
++                              sampleRate, format, bufferFrames, options );
++    if ( result == false ) {
++      if ( oChannels > 0 ) closeStream();
++      error( RtAudioError::SYSTEM_ERROR );
++      return;
++    }
++  }
++
++  stream_.callbackInfo.callback = (void *) callback;
++  stream_.callbackInfo.userData = userData;
++  stream_.callbackInfo.errorCallback = (void *) errorCallback;
++
++  if ( options ) options->numberOfBuffers = stream_.nBuffers;
++  stream_.state = STREAM_STOPPED;
 +}
 +
 +unsigned int RtApi :: getDefaultInputDevice( void )
 +{
-+// Should be implemented in subclasses if possible.
-+return 0;
++  // Should be implemented in subclasses if possible.
++  return 0;
 +}
 +
 +unsigned int RtApi :: getDefaultOutputDevice( void )
 +{
-+// Should be implemented in subclasses if possible.
-+return 0;
++  // Should be implemented in subclasses if possible.
++  return 0;
 +}
 +
 +void RtApi :: closeStream( void )
 +{
-+// MUST be implemented in subclasses!
-+return;
++  // MUST be implemented in subclasses!
++  return;
 +}
 +
 +bool RtApi :: probeDeviceOpen( unsigned int /*device*/, StreamMode /*mode*/, unsigned int /*channels*/,
-+unsigned int /*firstChannel*/, unsigned int /*sampleRate*/,
-+RtAudioFormat /*format*/, unsigned int * /*bufferSize*/,
-+RtAudio::StreamOptions * /*options*/ )
++                               unsigned int /*firstChannel*/, unsigned int /*sampleRate*/,
++                               RtAudioFormat /*format*/, unsigned int * /*bufferSize*/,
++                               RtAudio::StreamOptions * /*options*/ )
 +{
-+// MUST be implemented in subclasses!
-+return FAILURE;
++  // MUST be implemented in subclasses!
++  return FAILURE;
 +}
 +
 +void RtApi :: tickStreamTime( void )
 +{
-+// Subclasses that do not provide their own implementation of
-+// getStreamTime should call this function once per buffer I/O to
-+// provide basic stream time support.
++  // Subclasses that do not provide their own implementation of
++  // getStreamTime should call this function once per buffer I/O to
++  // provide basic stream time support.
 +
-+stream_.streamTime += ( stream_.bufferSize * 1.0 / stream_.sampleRate );
++  stream_.streamTime += ( stream_.bufferSize * 1.0 / stream_.sampleRate );
 +
 +#if defined( HAVE_GETTIMEOFDAY )
-+gettimeofday( &stream_.lastTickTimestamp, NULL );
++  gettimeofday( &stream_.lastTickTimestamp, NULL );
 +#endif
 +}
 +
 +long RtApi :: getStreamLatency( void )
 +{
-+verifyStream();
++  verifyStream();
 +
-+long totalLatency = 0;
-+if ( stream_.mode == OUTPUT || stream_.mode == DUPLEX )
-+totalLatency = stream_.latency[0];
-+if ( stream_.mode == INPUT || stream_.mode == DUPLEX )
-+totalLatency += stream_.latency[1];
++  long totalLatency = 0;
++  if ( stream_.mode == OUTPUT || stream_.mode == DUPLEX )
++    totalLatency = stream_.latency[0];
++  if ( stream_.mode == INPUT || stream_.mode == DUPLEX )
++    totalLatency += stream_.latency[1];
 +
-+return totalLatency;
++  return totalLatency;
 +}
 +
 +double RtApi :: getStreamTime( void )
 +{
-+verifyStream();
++  verifyStream();
 +
 +#if defined( HAVE_GETTIMEOFDAY )
-+// Return a very accurate estimate of the stream time by
-+// adding in the elapsed time since the last tick.
-+struct timeval then;
-+struct timeval now;
-+
-+if ( stream_.state != STREAM_RUNNING || stream_.streamTime == 0.0 )
-+return stream_.streamTime;
-+
-+gettimeofday( &now, NULL );
-+then = stream_.lastTickTimestamp;
-+return stream_.streamTime +
-+((now.tv_sec + 0.000001 * now.tv_usec) -
-+(then.tv_sec + 0.000001 * then.tv_usec));     
++  // Return a very accurate estimate of the stream time by
++  // adding in the elapsed time since the last tick.
++  struct timeval then;
++  struct timeval now;
++
++  if ( stream_.state != STREAM_RUNNING || stream_.streamTime == 0.0 )
++    return stream_.streamTime;
++
++  gettimeofday( &now, NULL );
++  then = stream_.lastTickTimestamp;
++  return stream_.streamTime +
++    ((now.tv_sec + 0.000001 * now.tv_usec) -
++     (then.tv_sec + 0.000001 * then.tv_usec));     
 +#else
-+return stream_.streamTime;
++  return stream_.streamTime;
 +#endif
 +}
 +
 +void RtApi :: setStreamTime( double time )
 +{
-+verifyStream();
++  verifyStream();
 +
-+if ( time >= 0.0 )
-+stream_.streamTime = time;
++  if ( time >= 0.0 )
++    stream_.streamTime = time;
 +#if defined( HAVE_GETTIMEOFDAY )
-+gettimeofday( &stream_.lastTickTimestamp, NULL );
++  gettimeofday( &stream_.lastTickTimestamp, NULL );
 +#endif
 +}
 +
 +unsigned int RtApi :: getStreamSampleRate( void )
 +{
-+verifyStream();
++ verifyStream();
 +
-+return stream_.sampleRate;
-+}
-+
-+/* --- Monocasual hack ------------------------------------------------------ */
-+#ifdef __linux__
-+void *RtApi :: __HACK__getJackClient() {
-+JackHandle *handle = (JackHandle *) stream_.apiHandle;
-+return (void*) handle->client;
++ return stream_.sampleRate;
 +}
-+#endif
 +
 +
 +// *************************************************** //
@@ -10718,9949 +10718,9887 @@ Date: Wed Oct 25 14:21:33 CEST 2017
 +// A structure to hold various information related to the CoreAudio API
 +// implementation.
 +struct CoreHandle {
-+AudioDeviceID id[2];    // device ids
++  AudioDeviceID id[2];    // device ids
 +#if defined( MAC_OS_X_VERSION_10_5 ) && ( MAC_OS_X_VERSION_MIN_REQUIRED >= MAC_OS_X_VERSION_10_5 )
-+AudioDeviceIOProcID procId[2];
++  AudioDeviceIOProcID procId[2];
 +#endif
-+UInt32 iStream[2];      // device stream index (or first if using multiple)
-+UInt32 nStreams[2];     // number of streams to use
-+bool xrun[2];
-+char *deviceBuffer;
-+pthread_cond_t condition;
-+int drainCounter;       // Tracks callback counts when draining
-+bool internalDrain;     // Indicates if stop is initiated from callback or not.
-+
-+CoreHandle()
-+:deviceBuffer(0), drainCounter(0), internalDrain(false) { nStreams[0] = 1; nStreams[1] = 1; id[0] = 0; id[1] = 0; xrun[0] = false; xrun[1] = false; }
++  UInt32 iStream[2];      // device stream index (or first if using multiple)
++  UInt32 nStreams[2];     // number of streams to use
++  bool xrun[2];
++  char *deviceBuffer;
++  pthread_cond_t condition;
++  int drainCounter;       // Tracks callback counts when draining
++  bool internalDrain;     // Indicates if stop is initiated from callback or not.
++
++  CoreHandle()
++    :deviceBuffer(0), drainCounter(0), internalDrain(false) { nStreams[0] = 1; nStreams[1] = 1; id[0] = 0; id[1] = 0; xrun[0] = false; xrun[1] = false; }
 +};
 +
 +RtApiCore:: RtApiCore()
 +{
 +#if defined( AVAILABLE_MAC_OS_X_VERSION_10_6_AND_LATER )
-+// This is a largely undocumented but absolutely necessary
-+// requirement starting with OS-X 10.6.  If not called, queries and
-+// updates to various audio device properties are not handled
-+// correctly.
-+CFRunLoopRef theRunLoop = NULL;
-+AudioObjectPropertyAddress property = { kAudioHardwarePropertyRunLoop,
-+kAudioObjectPropertyScopeGlobal,
-+kAudioObjectPropertyElementMaster };
-+OSStatus result = AudioObjectSetPropertyData( kAudioObjectSystemObject, &property, 0, NULL, sizeof(CFRunLoopRef), &theRunLoop);
-+if ( result != noErr ) {
-+errorText_ = "RtApiCore::RtApiCore: error setting run loop property!";
-+error( RtAudioError::WARNING );
-+}
++  // This is a largely undocumented but absolutely necessary
++  // requirement starting with OS-X 10.6.  If not called, queries and
++  // updates to various audio device properties are not handled
++  // correctly.
++  CFRunLoopRef theRunLoop = NULL;
++  AudioObjectPropertyAddress property = { kAudioHardwarePropertyRunLoop,
++                                          kAudioObjectPropertyScopeGlobal,
++                                          kAudioObjectPropertyElementMaster };
++  OSStatus result = AudioObjectSetPropertyData( kAudioObjectSystemObject, &property, 0, NULL, sizeof(CFRunLoopRef), &theRunLoop);
++  if ( result != noErr ) {
++    errorText_ = "RtApiCore::RtApiCore: error setting run loop property!";
++    error( RtAudioError::WARNING );
++  }
 +#endif
 +}
 +
 +RtApiCore :: ~RtApiCore()
 +{
-+// The subclass destructor gets called before the base class
-+// destructor, so close an existing stream before deallocating
-+// apiDeviceId memory.
-+if ( stream_.state != STREAM_CLOSED ) closeStream();
++  // The subclass destructor gets called before the base class
++  // destructor, so close an existing stream before deallocating
++  // apiDeviceId memory.
++  if ( stream_.state != STREAM_CLOSED ) closeStream();
 +}
 +
 +unsigned int RtApiCore :: getDeviceCount( void )
 +{
-+// Find out how many audio devices there are, if any.
-+UInt32 dataSize;
-+AudioObjectPropertyAddress propertyAddress = { kAudioHardwarePropertyDevices, kAudioObjectPropertyScopeGlobal, kAudioObjectPropertyElementMaster };
-+OSStatus result = AudioObjectGetPropertyDataSize( kAudioObjectSystemObject, &propertyAddress, 0, NULL, &dataSize );
-+if ( result != noErr ) {
-+errorText_ = "RtApiCore::getDeviceCount: OS-X error getting device info!";
-+error( RtAudioError::WARNING );
-+return 0;
-+}
++  // Find out how many audio devices there are, if any.
++  UInt32 dataSize;
++  AudioObjectPropertyAddress propertyAddress = { kAudioHardwarePropertyDevices, kAudioObjectPropertyScopeGlobal, kAudioObjectPropertyElementMaster };
++  OSStatus result = AudioObjectGetPropertyDataSize( kAudioObjectSystemObject, &propertyAddress, 0, NULL, &dataSize );
++  if ( result != noErr ) {
++    errorText_ = "RtApiCore::getDeviceCount: OS-X error getting device info!";
++    error( RtAudioError::WARNING );
++    return 0;
++  }
 +
-+return dataSize / sizeof( AudioDeviceID );
++  return dataSize / sizeof( AudioDeviceID );
 +}
 +
 +unsigned int RtApiCore :: getDefaultInputDevice( void )
 +{
-+unsigned int nDevices = getDeviceCount();
-+if ( nDevices <= 1 ) return 0;
-+
-+AudioDeviceID id;
-+UInt32 dataSize = sizeof( AudioDeviceID );
-+AudioObjectPropertyAddress property = { kAudioHardwarePropertyDefaultInputDevice, kAudioObjectPropertyScopeGlobal, kAudioObjectPropertyElementMaster };
-+OSStatus result = AudioObjectGetPropertyData( kAudioObjectSystemObject, &property, 0, NULL, &dataSize, &id );
-+if ( result != noErr ) {
-+errorText_ = "RtApiCore::getDefaultInputDevice: OS-X system error getting device.";
-+error( RtAudioError::WARNING );
-+return 0;
-+}
-+
-+dataSize *= nDevices;
-+AudioDeviceID deviceList[ nDevices ];
-+property.mSelector = kAudioHardwarePropertyDevices;
-+result = AudioObjectGetPropertyData( kAudioObjectSystemObject, &property, 0, NULL, &dataSize, (void *) &deviceList );
-+if ( result != noErr ) {
-+errorText_ = "RtApiCore::getDefaultInputDevice: OS-X system error getting device IDs.";
-+error( RtAudioError::WARNING );
-+return 0;
-+}
-+
-+for ( unsigned int i=0; i<nDevices; i++ )
-+if ( id == deviceList[i] ) return i;
-+
-+errorText_ = "RtApiCore::getDefaultInputDevice: No default device found!";
-+error( RtAudioError::WARNING );
-+return 0;
++  unsigned int nDevices = getDeviceCount();
++  if ( nDevices <= 1 ) return 0;
++
++  AudioDeviceID id;
++  UInt32 dataSize = sizeof( AudioDeviceID );
++  AudioObjectPropertyAddress property = { kAudioHardwarePropertyDefaultInputDevice, kAudioObjectPropertyScopeGlobal, kAudioObjectPropertyElementMaster };
++  OSStatus result = AudioObjectGetPropertyData( kAudioObjectSystemObject, &property, 0, NULL, &dataSize, &id );
++  if ( result != noErr ) {
++    errorText_ = "RtApiCore::getDefaultInputDevice: OS-X system error getting device.";
++    error( RtAudioError::WARNING );
++    return 0;
++  }
++
++  dataSize *= nDevices;
++  AudioDeviceID deviceList[ nDevices ];
++  property.mSelector = kAudioHardwarePropertyDevices;
++  result = AudioObjectGetPropertyData( kAudioObjectSystemObject, &property, 0, NULL, &dataSize, (void *) &deviceList );
++  if ( result != noErr ) {
++    errorText_ = "RtApiCore::getDefaultInputDevice: OS-X system error getting device IDs.";
++    error( RtAudioError::WARNING );
++    return 0;
++  }
++
++  for ( unsigned int i=0; i<nDevices; i++ )
++    if ( id == deviceList[i] ) return i;
++
++  errorText_ = "RtApiCore::getDefaultInputDevice: No default device found!";
++  error( RtAudioError::WARNING );
++  return 0;
 +}
 +
 +unsigned int RtApiCore :: getDefaultOutputDevice( void )
 +{
-+unsigned int nDevices = getDeviceCount();
-+if ( nDevices <= 1 ) return 0;
-+
-+AudioDeviceID id;
-+UInt32 dataSize = sizeof( AudioDeviceID );
-+AudioObjectPropertyAddress property = { kAudioHardwarePropertyDefaultOutputDevice, kAudioObjectPropertyScopeGlobal, kAudioObjectPropertyElementMaster };
-+OSStatus result = AudioObjectGetPropertyData( kAudioObjectSystemObject, &property, 0, NULL, &dataSize, &id );
-+if ( result != noErr ) {
-+errorText_ = "RtApiCore::getDefaultOutputDevice: OS-X system error getting device.";
-+error( RtAudioError::WARNING );
-+return 0;
-+}
-+
-+dataSize = sizeof( AudioDeviceID ) * nDevices;
-+AudioDeviceID deviceList[ nDevices ];
-+property.mSelector = kAudioHardwarePropertyDevices;
-+result = AudioObjectGetPropertyData( kAudioObjectSystemObject, &property, 0, NULL, &dataSize, (void *) &deviceList );
-+if ( result != noErr ) {
-+errorText_ = "RtApiCore::getDefaultOutputDevice: OS-X system error getting device IDs.";
-+error( RtAudioError::WARNING );
-+return 0;
-+}
-+
-+for ( unsigned int i=0; i<nDevices; i++ )
-+if ( id == deviceList[i] ) return i;
-+
-+errorText_ = "RtApiCore::getDefaultOutputDevice: No default device found!";
-+error( RtAudioError::WARNING );
-+return 0;
++  unsigned int nDevices = getDeviceCount();
++  if ( nDevices <= 1 ) return 0;
++
++  AudioDeviceID id;
++  UInt32 dataSize = sizeof( AudioDeviceID );
++  AudioObjectPropertyAddress property = { kAudioHardwarePropertyDefaultOutputDevice, kAudioObjectPropertyScopeGlobal, kAudioObjectPropertyElementMaster };
++  OSStatus result = AudioObjectGetPropertyData( kAudioObjectSystemObject, &property, 0, NULL, &dataSize, &id );
++  if ( result != noErr ) {
++    errorText_ = "RtApiCore::getDefaultOutputDevice: OS-X system error getting device.";
++    error( RtAudioError::WARNING );
++    return 0;
++  }
++
++  dataSize = sizeof( AudioDeviceID ) * nDevices;
++  AudioDeviceID deviceList[ nDevices ];
++  property.mSelector = kAudioHardwarePropertyDevices;
++  result = AudioObjectGetPropertyData( kAudioObjectSystemObject, &property, 0, NULL, &dataSize, (void *) &deviceList );
++  if ( result != noErr ) {
++    errorText_ = "RtApiCore::getDefaultOutputDevice: OS-X system error getting device IDs.";
++    error( RtAudioError::WARNING );
++    return 0;
++  }
++
++  for ( unsigned int i=0; i<nDevices; i++ )
++    if ( id == deviceList[i] ) return i;
++
++  errorText_ = "RtApiCore::getDefaultOutputDevice: No default device found!";
++  error( RtAudioError::WARNING );
++  return 0;
 +}
 +
 +RtAudio::DeviceInfo RtApiCore :: getDeviceInfo( unsigned int device )
 +{
-+RtAudio::DeviceInfo info;
-+info.probed = false;
-+
-+// Get device ID
-+unsigned int nDevices = getDeviceCount();
-+if ( nDevices == 0 ) {
-+errorText_ = "RtApiCore::getDeviceInfo: no devices found!";
-+error( RtAudioError::INVALID_USE );
-+return info;
-+}
-+
-+if ( device >= nDevices ) {
-+errorText_ = "RtApiCore::getDeviceInfo: device ID is invalid!";
-+error( RtAudioError::INVALID_USE );
-+return info;
-+}
-+
-+AudioDeviceID deviceList[ nDevices ];
-+UInt32 dataSize = sizeof( AudioDeviceID ) * nDevices;
-+AudioObjectPropertyAddress property = { kAudioHardwarePropertyDevices,
-+kAudioObjectPropertyScopeGlobal,
-+kAudioObjectPropertyElementMaster };
-+OSStatus result = AudioObjectGetPropertyData( kAudioObjectSystemObject, &property,
-+0, NULL, &dataSize, (void *) &deviceList );
-+if ( result != noErr ) {
-+errorText_ = "RtApiCore::getDeviceInfo: OS-X system error getting device IDs.";
-+error( RtAudioError::WARNING );
-+return info;
-+}
-+
-+AudioDeviceID id = deviceList[ device ];
-+
-+// Get the device name.
-+info.name.erase();
-+CFStringRef cfname;
-+dataSize = sizeof( CFStringRef );
-+property.mSelector = kAudioObjectPropertyManufacturer;
-+result = AudioObjectGetPropertyData( id, &property, 0, NULL, &dataSize, &cfname );
-+if ( result != noErr ) {
-+errorStream_ << "RtApiCore::probeDeviceInfo: system error (" << getErrorCode( result ) << ") getting device manufacturer.";
-+errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
-+error( RtAudioError::WARNING );
-+return info;
-+}
-+
-+//const char *mname = CFStringGetCStringPtr( cfname, CFStringGetSystemEncoding() );
-+int length = CFStringGetLength(cfname);
-+char *mname = (char *)malloc(length * 3 + 1);
++  RtAudio::DeviceInfo info;
++  info.probed = false;
++
++  // Get device ID
++  unsigned int nDevices = getDeviceCount();
++  if ( nDevices == 0 ) {
++    errorText_ = "RtApiCore::getDeviceInfo: no devices found!";
++    error( RtAudioError::INVALID_USE );
++    return info;
++  }
++
++  if ( device >= nDevices ) {
++    errorText_ = "RtApiCore::getDeviceInfo: device ID is invalid!";
++    error( RtAudioError::INVALID_USE );
++    return info;
++  }
++
++  AudioDeviceID deviceList[ nDevices ];
++  UInt32 dataSize = sizeof( AudioDeviceID ) * nDevices;
++  AudioObjectPropertyAddress property = { kAudioHardwarePropertyDevices,
++                                          kAudioObjectPropertyScopeGlobal,
++                                          kAudioObjectPropertyElementMaster };
++  OSStatus result = AudioObjectGetPropertyData( kAudioObjectSystemObject, &property,
++                                                0, NULL, &dataSize, (void *) &deviceList );
++  if ( result != noErr ) {
++    errorText_ = "RtApiCore::getDeviceInfo: OS-X system error getting device IDs.";
++    error( RtAudioError::WARNING );
++    return info;
++  }
++
++  AudioDeviceID id = deviceList[ device ];
++
++  // Get the device name.
++  info.name.erase();
++  CFStringRef cfname;
++  dataSize = sizeof( CFStringRef );
++  property.mSelector = kAudioObjectPropertyManufacturer;
++  result = AudioObjectGetPropertyData( id, &property, 0, NULL, &dataSize, &cfname );
++  if ( result != noErr ) {
++    errorStream_ << "RtApiCore::probeDeviceInfo: system error (" << getErrorCode( result ) << ") getting device manufacturer.";
++    errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
++    error( RtAudioError::WARNING );
++    return info;
++  }
++
++  //const char *mname = CFStringGetCStringPtr( cfname, CFStringGetSystemEncoding() );
++  int length = CFStringGetLength(cfname);
++  char *mname = (char *)malloc(length * 3 + 1);
 +#if defined( UNICODE ) || defined( _UNICODE )
-+CFStringGetCString(cfname, mname, length * 3 + 1, kCFStringEncodingUTF8);
++  CFStringGetCString(cfname, mname, length * 3 + 1, kCFStringEncodingUTF8);
 +#else
-+CFStringGetCString(cfname, mname, length * 3 + 1, CFStringGetSystemEncoding());
++  CFStringGetCString(cfname, mname, length * 3 + 1, CFStringGetSystemEncoding());
 +#endif
-+info.name.append( (const char *)mname, strlen(mname) );
-+info.name.append( ": " );
-+CFRelease( cfname );
-+free(mname);
-+
-+property.mSelector = kAudioObjectPropertyName;
-+result = AudioObjectGetPropertyData( id, &property, 0, NULL, &dataSize, &cfname );
-+if ( result != noErr ) {
-+errorStream_ << "RtApiCore::probeDeviceInfo: system error (" << getErrorCode( result ) << ") getting device name.";
-+errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
-+error( RtAudioError::WARNING );
-+return info;
-+}
-+
-+//const char *name = CFStringGetCStringPtr( cfname, CFStringGetSystemEncoding() );
-+length = CFStringGetLength(cfname);
-+char *name = (char *)malloc(length * 3 + 1);
++  info.name.append( (const char *)mname, strlen(mname) );
++  info.name.append( ": " );
++  CFRelease( cfname );
++  free(mname);
++
++  property.mSelector = kAudioObjectPropertyName;
++  result = AudioObjectGetPropertyData( id, &property, 0, NULL, &dataSize, &cfname );
++  if ( result != noErr ) {
++    errorStream_ << "RtApiCore::probeDeviceInfo: system error (" << getErrorCode( result ) << ") getting device name.";
++    errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
++    error( RtAudioError::WARNING );
++    return info;
++  }
++
++  //const char *name = CFStringGetCStringPtr( cfname, CFStringGetSystemEncoding() );
++  length = CFStringGetLength(cfname);
++  char *name = (char *)malloc(length * 3 + 1);
 +#if defined( UNICODE ) || defined( _UNICODE )
-+CFStringGetCString(cfname, name, length * 3 + 1, kCFStringEncodingUTF8);
++  CFStringGetCString(cfname, name, length * 3 + 1, kCFStringEncodingUTF8);
 +#else
-+CFStringGetCString(cfname, name, length * 3 + 1, CFStringGetSystemEncoding());
++  CFStringGetCString(cfname, name, length * 3 + 1, CFStringGetSystemEncoding());
 +#endif
-+info.name.append( (const char *)name, strlen(name) );
-+CFRelease( cfname );
-+free(name);
-+
-+// Get the output stream "configuration".
-+AudioBufferList	*bufferList = nil;
-+property.mSelector = kAudioDevicePropertyStreamConfiguration;
-+property.mScope = kAudioDevicePropertyScopeOutput;
-+//  property.mElement = kAudioObjectPropertyElementWildcard;
-+dataSize = 0;
-+result = AudioObjectGetPropertyDataSize( id, &property, 0, NULL, &dataSize );
-+if ( result != noErr || dataSize == 0 ) {
-+errorStream_ << "RtApiCore::getDeviceInfo: system error (" << getErrorCode( result ) << ") getting output stream configuration info for device (" << device << ").";
-+errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
-+error( RtAudioError::WARNING );
-+return info;
-+}
-+
-+// Allocate the AudioBufferList.
-+bufferList = (AudioBufferList *) malloc( dataSize );
-+if ( bufferList == NULL ) {
-+errorText_ = "RtApiCore::getDeviceInfo: memory error allocating output AudioBufferList.";
-+error( RtAudioError::WARNING );
-+return info;
++  info.name.append( (const char *)name, strlen(name) );
++  CFRelease( cfname );
++  free(name);
++
++  // Get the output stream "configuration".
++  AudioBufferList	*bufferList = nil;
++  property.mSelector = kAudioDevicePropertyStreamConfiguration;
++  property.mScope = kAudioDevicePropertyScopeOutput;
++  //  property.mElement = kAudioObjectPropertyElementWildcard;
++  dataSize = 0;
++  result = AudioObjectGetPropertyDataSize( id, &property, 0, NULL, &dataSize );
++  if ( result != noErr || dataSize == 0 ) {
++    errorStream_ << "RtApiCore::getDeviceInfo: system error (" << getErrorCode( result ) << ") getting output stream configuration info for device (" << device << ").";
++    errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
++    error( RtAudioError::WARNING );
++    return info;
++  }
++
++  // Allocate the AudioBufferList.
++  bufferList = (AudioBufferList *) malloc( dataSize );
++  if ( bufferList == NULL ) {
++    errorText_ = "RtApiCore::getDeviceInfo: memory error allocating output AudioBufferList.";
++    error( RtAudioError::WARNING );
++    return info;
++  }
++
++  result = AudioObjectGetPropertyData( id, &property, 0, NULL, &dataSize, bufferList );
++  if ( result != noErr || dataSize == 0 ) {
++    free( bufferList );
++    errorStream_ << "RtApiCore::getDeviceInfo: system error (" << getErrorCode( result ) << ") getting output stream configuration for device (" << device << ").";
++    errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
++    error( RtAudioError::WARNING );
++    return info;
++  }
++
++  // Get output channel information.
++  unsigned int i, nStreams = bufferList->mNumberBuffers;
++  for ( i=0; i<nStreams; i++ )
++    info.outputChannels += bufferList->mBuffers[i].mNumberChannels;
++  free( bufferList );
++
++  // Get the input stream "configuration".
++  property.mScope = kAudioDevicePropertyScopeInput;
++  result = AudioObjectGetPropertyDataSize( id, &property, 0, NULL, &dataSize );
++  if ( result != noErr || dataSize == 0 ) {
++    errorStream_ << "RtApiCore::getDeviceInfo: system error (" << getErrorCode( result ) << ") getting input stream configuration info for device (" << device << ").";
++    errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
++    error( RtAudioError::WARNING );
++    return info;
++  }
++
++  // Allocate the AudioBufferList.
++  bufferList = (AudioBufferList *) malloc( dataSize );
++  if ( bufferList == NULL ) {
++    errorText_ = "RtApiCore::getDeviceInfo: memory error allocating input AudioBufferList.";
++    error( RtAudioError::WARNING );
++    return info;
++  }
++
++  result = AudioObjectGetPropertyData( id, &property, 0, NULL, &dataSize, bufferList );
++  if (result != noErr || dataSize == 0) {
++    free( bufferList );
++    errorStream_ << "RtApiCore::getDeviceInfo: system error (" << getErrorCode( result ) << ") getting input stream configuration for device (" << device << ").";
++    errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
++    error( RtAudioError::WARNING );
++    return info;
++  }
++
++  // Get input channel information.
++  nStreams = bufferList->mNumberBuffers;
++  for ( i=0; i<nStreams; i++ )
++    info.inputChannels += bufferList->mBuffers[i].mNumberChannels;
++  free( bufferList );
++
++  // If device opens for both playback and capture, we determine the channels.
++  if ( info.outputChannels > 0 && info.inputChannels > 0 )
++    info.duplexChannels = (info.outputChannels > info.inputChannels) ? info.inputChannels : info.outputChannels;
++
++  // Probe the device sample rates.
++  bool isInput = false;
++  if ( info.outputChannels == 0 ) isInput = true;
++
++  // Determine the supported sample rates.
++  property.mSelector = kAudioDevicePropertyAvailableNominalSampleRates;
++  if ( isInput == false ) property.mScope = kAudioDevicePropertyScopeOutput;
++  result = AudioObjectGetPropertyDataSize( id, &property, 0, NULL, &dataSize );
++  if ( result != kAudioHardwareNoError || dataSize == 0 ) {
++    errorStream_ << "RtApiCore::getDeviceInfo: system error (" << getErrorCode( result ) << ") getting sample rate info.";
++    errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
++    error( RtAudioError::WARNING );
++    return info;
++  }
++
++  UInt32 nRanges = dataSize / sizeof( AudioValueRange );
++  AudioValueRange rangeList[ nRanges ];
++  result = AudioObjectGetPropertyData( id, &property, 0, NULL, &dataSize, &rangeList );
++  if ( result != kAudioHardwareNoError ) {
++    errorStream_ << "RtApiCore::getDeviceInfo: system error (" << getErrorCode( result ) << ") getting sample rates.";
++    errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
++    error( RtAudioError::WARNING );
++    return info;
++  }
++
++  // The sample rate reporting mechanism is a bit of a mystery.  It
++  // seems that it can either return individual rates or a range of
++  // rates.  I assume that if the min / max range values are the same,
++  // then that represents a single supported rate and if the min / max
++  // range values are different, the device supports an arbitrary
++  // range of values (though there might be multiple ranges, so we'll
++  // use the most conservative range).
++  Float64 minimumRate = 1.0, maximumRate = 10000000000.0;
++  bool haveValueRange = false;
++  info.sampleRates.clear();
++  for ( UInt32 i=0; i<nRanges; i++ ) {
++    if ( rangeList[i].mMinimum == rangeList[i].mMaximum ) {
++      unsigned int tmpSr = (unsigned int) rangeList[i].mMinimum;
++      info.sampleRates.push_back( tmpSr );
++
++      if ( !info.preferredSampleRate || ( tmpSr <= 48000 && tmpSr > info.preferredSampleRate ) )
++        info.preferredSampleRate = tmpSr;
++
++    } else {
++      haveValueRange = true;
++      if ( rangeList[i].mMinimum > minimumRate ) minimumRate = rangeList[i].mMinimum;
++      if ( rangeList[i].mMaximum < maximumRate ) maximumRate = rangeList[i].mMaximum;
++    }
++  }
++
++  if ( haveValueRange ) {
++    for ( unsigned int k=0; k<MAX_SAMPLE_RATES; k++ ) {
++      if ( SAMPLE_RATES[k] >= (unsigned int) minimumRate && SAMPLE_RATES[k] <= (unsigned int) maximumRate ) {
++        info.sampleRates.push_back( SAMPLE_RATES[k] );
++
++        if ( !info.preferredSampleRate || ( SAMPLE_RATES[k] <= 48000 && SAMPLE_RATES[k] > info.preferredSampleRate ) )
++          info.preferredSampleRate = SAMPLE_RATES[k];
++      }
++    }
++  }
++
++  // Sort and remove any redundant values
++  std::sort( info.sampleRates.begin(), info.sampleRates.end() );
++  info.sampleRates.erase( unique( info.sampleRates.begin(), info.sampleRates.end() ), info.sampleRates.end() );
++
++  if ( info.sampleRates.size() == 0 ) {
++    errorStream_ << "RtApiCore::probeDeviceInfo: No supported sample rates found for device (" << device << ").";
++    errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
++    error( RtAudioError::WARNING );
++    return info;
++  }
++
++  // CoreAudio always uses 32-bit floating point data for PCM streams.
++  // Thus, any other "physical" formats supported by the device are of
++  // no interest to the client.
++  info.nativeFormats = RTAUDIO_FLOAT32;
++
++  if ( info.outputChannels > 0 )
++    if ( getDefaultOutputDevice() == device ) info.isDefaultOutput = true;
++  if ( info.inputChannels > 0 )
++    if ( getDefaultInputDevice() == device ) info.isDefaultInput = true;
++
++  info.probed = true;
++  return info;
 +}
 +
-+result = AudioObjectGetPropertyData( id, &property, 0, NULL, &dataSize, bufferList );
-+if ( result != noErr || dataSize == 0 ) {
-+free( bufferList );
-+errorStream_ << "RtApiCore::getDeviceInfo: system error (" << getErrorCode( result ) << ") getting output stream configuration for device (" << device << ").";
-+errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
-+error( RtAudioError::WARNING );
-+return info;
-+}
++static OSStatus callbackHandler( AudioDeviceID inDevice,
++                                 const AudioTimeStamp* /*inNow*/,
++                                 const AudioBufferList* inInputData,
++                                 const AudioTimeStamp* /*inInputTime*/,
++                                 AudioBufferList* outOutputData,
++                                 const AudioTimeStamp* /*inOutputTime*/,
++                                 void* infoPointer )
++{
++  CallbackInfo *info = (CallbackInfo *) infoPointer;
 +
-+// Get output channel information.
-+unsigned int i, nStreams = bufferList->mNumberBuffers;
-+for ( i=0; i<nStreams; i++ )
-+info.outputChannels += bufferList->mBuffers[i].mNumberChannels;
-+free( bufferList );
-+
-+// Get the input stream "configuration".
-+property.mScope = kAudioDevicePropertyScopeInput;
-+result = AudioObjectGetPropertyDataSize( id, &property, 0, NULL, &dataSize );
-+if ( result != noErr || dataSize == 0 ) {
-+errorStream_ << "RtApiCore::getDeviceInfo: system error (" << getErrorCode( result ) << ") getting input stream configuration info for device (" << device << ").";
-+errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
-+error( RtAudioError::WARNING );
-+return info;
++  RtApiCore *object = (RtApiCore *) info->object;
++  if ( object->callbackEvent( inDevice, inInputData, outOutputData ) == false )
++    return kAudioHardwareUnspecifiedError;
++  else
++    return kAudioHardwareNoError;
 +}
 +
-+// Allocate the AudioBufferList.
-+bufferList = (AudioBufferList *) malloc( dataSize );
-+if ( bufferList == NULL ) {
-+errorText_ = "RtApiCore::getDeviceInfo: memory error allocating input AudioBufferList.";
-+error( RtAudioError::WARNING );
-+return info;
-+}
++static OSStatus xrunListener( AudioObjectID /*inDevice*/,
++                              UInt32 nAddresses,
++                              const AudioObjectPropertyAddress properties[],
++                              void* handlePointer )
++{
++  CoreHandle *handle = (CoreHandle *) handlePointer;
++  for ( UInt32 i=0; i<nAddresses; i++ ) {
++    if ( properties[i].mSelector == kAudioDeviceProcessorOverload ) {
++      if ( properties[i].mScope == kAudioDevicePropertyScopeInput )
++        handle->xrun[1] = true;
++      else
++        handle->xrun[0] = true;
++    }
++  }
 +
-+result = AudioObjectGetPropertyData( id, &property, 0, NULL, &dataSize, bufferList );
-+if (result != noErr || dataSize == 0) {
-+free( bufferList );
-+errorStream_ << "RtApiCore::getDeviceInfo: system error (" << getErrorCode( result ) << ") getting input stream configuration for device (" << device << ").";
-+errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
-+error( RtAudioError::WARNING );
-+return info;
++  return kAudioHardwareNoError;
 +}
 +
-+// Get input channel information.
-+nStreams = bufferList->mNumberBuffers;
-+for ( i=0; i<nStreams; i++ )
-+info.inputChannels += bufferList->mBuffers[i].mNumberChannels;
-+free( bufferList );
-+
-+// If device opens for both playback and capture, we determine the channels.
-+if ( info.outputChannels > 0 && info.inputChannels > 0 )
-+info.duplexChannels = (info.outputChannels > info.inputChannels) ? info.inputChannels : info.outputChannels;
-+
-+// Probe the device sample rates.
-+bool isInput = false;
-+if ( info.outputChannels == 0 ) isInput = true;
-+
-+// Determine the supported sample rates.
-+property.mSelector = kAudioDevicePropertyAvailableNominalSampleRates;
-+if ( isInput == false ) property.mScope = kAudioDevicePropertyScopeOutput;
-+result = AudioObjectGetPropertyDataSize( id, &property, 0, NULL, &dataSize );
-+if ( result != kAudioHardwareNoError || dataSize == 0 ) {
-+errorStream_ << "RtApiCore::getDeviceInfo: system error (" << getErrorCode( result ) << ") getting sample rate info.";
-+errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
-+error( RtAudioError::WARNING );
-+return info;
++static OSStatus rateListener( AudioObjectID inDevice,
++                              UInt32 /*nAddresses*/,
++                              const AudioObjectPropertyAddress /*properties*/[],
++                              void* ratePointer )
++{
++  Float64 *rate = (Float64 *) ratePointer;
++  UInt32 dataSize = sizeof( Float64 );
++  AudioObjectPropertyAddress property = { kAudioDevicePropertyNominalSampleRate,
++                                          kAudioObjectPropertyScopeGlobal,
++                                          kAudioObjectPropertyElementMaster };
++  AudioObjectGetPropertyData( inDevice, &property, 0, NULL, &dataSize, rate );
++  return kAudioHardwareNoError;
 +}
 +
-+UInt32 nRanges = dataSize / sizeof( AudioValueRange );
-+AudioValueRange rangeList[ nRanges ];
-+result = AudioObjectGetPropertyData( id, &property, 0, NULL, &dataSize, &rangeList );
-+if ( result != kAudioHardwareNoError ) {
-+errorStream_ << "RtApiCore::getDeviceInfo: system error (" << getErrorCode( result ) << ") getting sample rates.";
-+errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
-+error( RtAudioError::WARNING );
-+return info;
++bool RtApiCore :: probeDeviceOpen( unsigned int device, StreamMode mode, unsigned int channels,
++                                   unsigned int firstChannel, unsigned int sampleRate,
++                                   RtAudioFormat format, unsigned int *bufferSize,
++                                   RtAudio::StreamOptions *options )
++{
++  // Get device ID
++  unsigned int nDevices = getDeviceCount();
++  if ( nDevices == 0 ) {
++    // This should not happen because a check is made before this function is called.
++    errorText_ = "RtApiCore::probeDeviceOpen: no devices found!";
++    return FAILURE;
++  }
++
++  if ( device >= nDevices ) {
++    // This should not happen because a check is made before this function is called.
++    errorText_ = "RtApiCore::probeDeviceOpen: device ID is invalid!";
++    return FAILURE;
++  }
++
++  AudioDeviceID deviceList[ nDevices ];
++  UInt32 dataSize = sizeof( AudioDeviceID ) * nDevices;
++  AudioObjectPropertyAddress property = { kAudioHardwarePropertyDevices,
++                                          kAudioObjectPropertyScopeGlobal,
++                                          kAudioObjectPropertyElementMaster };
++  OSStatus result = AudioObjectGetPropertyData( kAudioObjectSystemObject, &property,
++                                                0, NULL, &dataSize, (void *) &deviceList );
++  if ( result != noErr ) {
++    errorText_ = "RtApiCore::probeDeviceOpen: OS-X system error getting device IDs.";
++    return FAILURE;
++  }
++
++  AudioDeviceID id = deviceList[ device ];
++
++  // Setup for stream mode.
++  bool isInput = false;
++  if ( mode == INPUT ) {
++    isInput = true;
++    property.mScope = kAudioDevicePropertyScopeInput;
++  }
++  else
++    property.mScope = kAudioDevicePropertyScopeOutput;
++
++  // Get the stream "configuration".
++  AudioBufferList	*bufferList = nil;
++  dataSize = 0;
++  property.mSelector = kAudioDevicePropertyStreamConfiguration;
++  result = AudioObjectGetPropertyDataSize( id, &property, 0, NULL, &dataSize );
++  if ( result != noErr || dataSize == 0 ) {
++    errorStream_ << "RtApiCore::probeDeviceOpen: system error (" << getErrorCode( result ) << ") getting stream configuration info for device (" << device << ").";
++    errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
++    return FAILURE;
++  }
++
++  // Allocate the AudioBufferList.
++  bufferList = (AudioBufferList *) malloc( dataSize );
++  if ( bufferList == NULL ) {
++    errorText_ = "RtApiCore::probeDeviceOpen: memory error allocating AudioBufferList.";
++    return FAILURE;
++  }
++
++  result = AudioObjectGetPropertyData( id, &property, 0, NULL, &dataSize, bufferList );
++  if (result != noErr || dataSize == 0) {
++    free( bufferList );
++    errorStream_ << "RtApiCore::probeDeviceOpen: system error (" << getErrorCode( result ) << ") getting stream configuration for device (" << device << ").";
++    errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
++    return FAILURE;
++  }
++
++  // Search for one or more streams that contain the desired number of
++  // channels. CoreAudio devices can have an arbitrary number of
++  // streams and each stream can have an arbitrary number of channels.
++  // For each stream, a single buffer of interleaved samples is
++  // provided.  RtAudio prefers the use of one stream of interleaved
++  // data or multiple consecutive single-channel streams.  However, we
++  // now support multiple consecutive multi-channel streams of
++  // interleaved data as well.
++  UInt32 iStream, offsetCounter = firstChannel;
++  UInt32 nStreams = bufferList->mNumberBuffers;
++  bool monoMode = false;
++  bool foundStream = false;
++
++  // First check that the device supports the requested number of
++  // channels.
++  UInt32 deviceChannels = 0;
++  for ( iStream=0; iStream<nStreams; iStream++ )
++    deviceChannels += bufferList->mBuffers[iStream].mNumberChannels;
++
++  if ( deviceChannels < ( channels + firstChannel ) ) {
++    free( bufferList );
++    errorStream_ << "RtApiCore::probeDeviceOpen: the device (" << device << ") does not support the requested channel count.";
++    errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
++    return FAILURE;
++  }
++
++  // Look for a single stream meeting our needs.
++  UInt32 firstStream, streamCount = 1, streamChannels = 0, channelOffset = 0;
++  for ( iStream=0; iStream<nStreams; iStream++ ) {
++    streamChannels = bufferList->mBuffers[iStream].mNumberChannels;
++    if ( streamChannels >= channels + offsetCounter ) {
++      firstStream = iStream;
++      channelOffset = offsetCounter;
++      foundStream = true;
++      break;
++    }
++    if ( streamChannels > offsetCounter ) break;
++    offsetCounter -= streamChannels;
++  }
++
++  // If we didn't find a single stream above, then we should be able
++  // to meet the channel specification with multiple streams.
++  if ( foundStream == false ) {
++    monoMode = true;
++    offsetCounter = firstChannel;
++    for ( iStream=0; iStream<nStreams; iStream++ ) {
++      streamChannels = bufferList->mBuffers[iStream].mNumberChannels;
++      if ( streamChannels > offsetCounter ) break;
++      offsetCounter -= streamChannels;
++    }
++
++    firstStream = iStream;
++    channelOffset = offsetCounter;
++    Int32 channelCounter = channels + offsetCounter - streamChannels;
++
++    if ( streamChannels > 1 ) monoMode = false;
++    while ( channelCounter > 0 ) {
++      streamChannels = bufferList->mBuffers[++iStream].mNumberChannels;
++      if ( streamChannels > 1 ) monoMode = false;
++      channelCounter -= streamChannels;
++      streamCount++;
++    }
++  }
++
++  free( bufferList );
++
++  // Determine the buffer size.
++  AudioValueRange	bufferRange;
++  dataSize = sizeof( AudioValueRange );
++  property.mSelector = kAudioDevicePropertyBufferFrameSizeRange;
++  result = AudioObjectGetPropertyData( id, &property, 0, NULL, &dataSize, &bufferRange );
++
++  if ( result != noErr ) {
++    errorStream_ << "RtApiCore::probeDeviceOpen: system error (" << getErrorCode( result ) << ") getting buffer size range for device (" << device << ").";
++    errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
++    return FAILURE;
++  }
++
++  if ( bufferRange.mMinimum > *bufferSize ) *bufferSize = (unsigned long) bufferRange.mMinimum;
++  else if ( bufferRange.mMaximum < *bufferSize ) *bufferSize = (unsigned long) bufferRange.mMaximum;
++  if ( options && options->flags & RTAUDIO_MINIMIZE_LATENCY ) *bufferSize = (unsigned long) bufferRange.mMinimum;
++
++  // Set the buffer size.  For multiple streams, I'm assuming we only
++  // need to make this setting for the master channel.
++  UInt32 theSize = (UInt32) *bufferSize;
++  dataSize = sizeof( UInt32 );
++  property.mSelector = kAudioDevicePropertyBufferFrameSize;
++  result = AudioObjectSetPropertyData( id, &property, 0, NULL, dataSize, &theSize );
++
++  if ( result != noErr ) {
++    errorStream_ << "RtApiCore::probeDeviceOpen: system error (" << getErrorCode( result ) << ") setting the buffer size for device (" << device << ").";
++    errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
++    return FAILURE;
++  }
++
++  // If attempting to setup a duplex stream, the bufferSize parameter
++  // MUST be the same in both directions!
++  *bufferSize = theSize;
++  if ( stream_.mode == OUTPUT && mode == INPUT && *bufferSize != stream_.bufferSize ) {
++    errorStream_ << "RtApiCore::probeDeviceOpen: system error setting buffer size for duplex stream on device (" << device << ").";
++    errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
++    return FAILURE;
++  }
++
++  stream_.bufferSize = *bufferSize;
++  stream_.nBuffers = 1;
++
++  // Try to set "hog" mode ... it's not clear to me this is working.
++  if ( options && options->flags & RTAUDIO_HOG_DEVICE ) {
++    pid_t hog_pid;
++    dataSize = sizeof( hog_pid );
++    property.mSelector = kAudioDevicePropertyHogMode;
++    result = AudioObjectGetPropertyData( id, &property, 0, NULL, &dataSize, &hog_pid );
++    if ( result != noErr ) {
++      errorStream_ << "RtApiCore::probeDeviceOpen: system error (" << getErrorCode( result ) << ") getting 'hog' state!";
++      errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
++      return FAILURE;
++    }
++
++    if ( hog_pid != getpid() ) {
++      hog_pid = getpid();
++      result = AudioObjectSetPropertyData( id, &property, 0, NULL, dataSize, &hog_pid );
++      if ( result != noErr ) {
++        errorStream_ << "RtApiCore::probeDeviceOpen: system error (" << getErrorCode( result ) << ") setting 'hog' state!";
++        errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
++        return FAILURE;
++      }
++    }
++  }
++
++  // Check and if necessary, change the sample rate for the device.
++  Float64 nominalRate;
++  dataSize = sizeof( Float64 );
++  property.mSelector = kAudioDevicePropertyNominalSampleRate;
++  result = AudioObjectGetPropertyData( id, &property, 0, NULL, &dataSize, &nominalRate );
++  if ( result != noErr ) {
++    errorStream_ << "RtApiCore::probeDeviceOpen: system error (" << getErrorCode( result ) << ") getting current sample rate.";
++    errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
++    return FAILURE;
++  }
++
++  // Only change the sample rate if off by more than 1 Hz.
++  if ( fabs( nominalRate - (double)sampleRate ) > 1.0 ) {
++
++    // Set a property listener for the sample rate change
++    Float64 reportedRate = 0.0;
++    AudioObjectPropertyAddress tmp = { kAudioDevicePropertyNominalSampleRate, kAudioObjectPropertyScopeGlobal, kAudioObjectPropertyElementMaster };
++    result = AudioObjectAddPropertyListener( id, &tmp, rateListener, (void *) &reportedRate );
++    if ( result != noErr ) {
++      errorStream_ << "RtApiCore::probeDeviceOpen: system error (" << getErrorCode( result ) << ") setting sample rate property listener for device (" << device << ").";
++      errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
++      return FAILURE;
++    }
++
++    nominalRate = (Float64) sampleRate;
++    result = AudioObjectSetPropertyData( id, &property, 0, NULL, dataSize, &nominalRate );
++    if ( result != noErr ) {
++      AudioObjectRemovePropertyListener( id, &tmp, rateListener, (void *) &reportedRate );
++      errorStream_ << "RtApiCore::probeDeviceOpen: system error (" << getErrorCode( result ) << ") setting sample rate for device (" << device << ").";
++      errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
++      return FAILURE;
++    }
++
++    // Now wait until the reported nominal rate is what we just set.
++    UInt32 microCounter = 0;
++    while ( reportedRate != nominalRate ) {
++      microCounter += 5000;
++      if ( microCounter > 5000000 ) break;
++      usleep( 5000 );
++    }
++
++    // Remove the property listener.
++    AudioObjectRemovePropertyListener( id, &tmp, rateListener, (void *) &reportedRate );
++
++    if ( microCounter > 5000000 ) {
++      errorStream_ << "RtApiCore::probeDeviceOpen: timeout waiting for sample rate update for device (" << device << ").";
++      errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
++      return FAILURE;
++    }
++  }
++
++  // Now set the stream format for all streams.  Also, check the
++  // physical format of the device and change that if necessary.
++  AudioStreamBasicDescription	description;
++  dataSize = sizeof( AudioStreamBasicDescription );
++  property.mSelector = kAudioStreamPropertyVirtualFormat;
++  result = AudioObjectGetPropertyData( id, &property, 0, NULL, &dataSize, &description );
++  if ( result != noErr ) {
++    errorStream_ << "RtApiCore::probeDeviceOpen: system error (" << getErrorCode( result ) << ") getting stream format for device (" << device << ").";
++    errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
++    return FAILURE;
++  }
++
++  // Set the sample rate and data format id.  However, only make the
++  // change if the sample rate is not within 1.0 of the desired
++  // rate and the format is not linear pcm.
++  bool updateFormat = false;
++  if ( fabs( description.mSampleRate - (Float64)sampleRate ) > 1.0 ) {
++    description.mSampleRate = (Float64) sampleRate;
++    updateFormat = true;
++  }
++
++  if ( description.mFormatID != kAudioFormatLinearPCM ) {
++    description.mFormatID = kAudioFormatLinearPCM;
++    updateFormat = true;
++  }
++
++  if ( updateFormat ) {
++    result = AudioObjectSetPropertyData( id, &property, 0, NULL, dataSize, &description );
++    if ( result != noErr ) {
++      errorStream_ << "RtApiCore::probeDeviceOpen: system error (" << getErrorCode( result ) << ") setting sample rate or data format for device (" << device << ").";
++      errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
++      return FAILURE;
++    }
++  }
++
++  // Now check the physical format.
++  property.mSelector = kAudioStreamPropertyPhysicalFormat;
++  result = AudioObjectGetPropertyData( id, &property, 0, NULL,  &dataSize, &description );
++  if ( result != noErr ) {
++    errorStream_ << "RtApiCore::probeDeviceOpen: system error (" << getErrorCode( result ) << ") getting stream physical format for device (" << device << ").";
++    errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
++    return FAILURE;
++  }
++
++  //std::cout << "Current physical stream format:" << std::endl;
++  //std::cout << "   mBitsPerChan = " << description.mBitsPerChannel << std::endl;
++  //std::cout << "   aligned high = " << (description.mFormatFlags & kAudioFormatFlagIsAlignedHigh) << ", isPacked = " << (description.mFormatFlags & kAudioFormatFlagIsPacked) << std::endl;
++  //std::cout << "   bytesPerFrame = " << description.mBytesPerFrame << std::endl;
++  //std::cout << "   sample rate = " << description.mSampleRate << std::endl;
++
++  if ( description.mFormatID != kAudioFormatLinearPCM || description.mBitsPerChannel < 16 ) {
++    description.mFormatID = kAudioFormatLinearPCM;
++    //description.mSampleRate = (Float64) sampleRate;
++    AudioStreamBasicDescription	testDescription = description;
++    UInt32 formatFlags;
++
++    // We'll try higher bit rates first and then work our way down.
++    std::vector< std::pair<UInt32, UInt32>  > physicalFormats;
++    formatFlags = (description.mFormatFlags | kLinearPCMFormatFlagIsFloat) & ~kLinearPCMFormatFlagIsSignedInteger;
++    physicalFormats.push_back( std::pair<Float32, UInt32>( 32, formatFlags ) );
++    formatFlags = (description.mFormatFlags | kLinearPCMFormatFlagIsSignedInteger | kAudioFormatFlagIsPacked) & ~kLinearPCMFormatFlagIsFloat;
++    physicalFormats.push_back( std::pair<Float32, UInt32>( 32, formatFlags ) );
++    physicalFormats.push_back( std::pair<Float32, UInt32>( 24, formatFlags ) );   // 24-bit packed
++    formatFlags &= ~( kAudioFormatFlagIsPacked | kAudioFormatFlagIsAlignedHigh );
++    physicalFormats.push_back( std::pair<Float32, UInt32>( 24.2, formatFlags ) ); // 24-bit in 4 bytes, aligned low
++    formatFlags |= kAudioFormatFlagIsAlignedHigh;
++    physicalFormats.push_back( std::pair<Float32, UInt32>( 24.4, formatFlags ) ); // 24-bit in 4 bytes, aligned high
++    formatFlags = (description.mFormatFlags | kLinearPCMFormatFlagIsSignedInteger | kAudioFormatFlagIsPacked) & ~kLinearPCMFormatFlagIsFloat;
++    physicalFormats.push_back( std::pair<Float32, UInt32>( 16, formatFlags ) );
++    physicalFormats.push_back( std::pair<Float32, UInt32>( 8, formatFlags ) );
++
++    bool setPhysicalFormat = false;
++    for( unsigned int i=0; i<physicalFormats.size(); i++ ) {
++      testDescription = description;
++      testDescription.mBitsPerChannel = (UInt32) physicalFormats[i].first;
++      testDescription.mFormatFlags = physicalFormats[i].second;
++      if ( (24 == (UInt32)physicalFormats[i].first) && ~( physicalFormats[i].second & kAudioFormatFlagIsPacked ) )
++        testDescription.mBytesPerFrame =  4 * testDescription.mChannelsPerFrame;
++      else
++        testDescription.mBytesPerFrame =  testDescription.mBitsPerChannel/8 * testDescription.mChannelsPerFrame;
++      testDescription.mBytesPerPacket = testDescription.mBytesPerFrame * testDescription.mFramesPerPacket;
++      result = AudioObjectSetPropertyData( id, &property, 0, NULL, dataSize, &testDescription );
++      if ( result == noErr ) {
++        setPhysicalFormat = true;
++        //std::cout << "Updated physical stream format:" << std::endl;
++        //std::cout << "   mBitsPerChan = " << testDescription.mBitsPerChannel << std::endl;
++        //std::cout << "   aligned high = " << (testDescription.mFormatFlags & kAudioFormatFlagIsAlignedHigh) << ", isPacked = " << (testDescription.mFormatFlags & kAudioFormatFlagIsPacked) << std::endl;
++        //std::cout << "   bytesPerFrame = " << testDescription.mBytesPerFrame << std::endl;
++        //std::cout << "   sample rate = " << testDescription.mSampleRate << std::endl;
++        break;
++      }
++    }
++
++    if ( !setPhysicalFormat ) {
++      errorStream_ << "RtApiCore::probeDeviceOpen: system error (" << getErrorCode( result ) << ") setting physical data format for device (" << device << ").";
++      errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
++      return FAILURE;
++    }
++  } // done setting virtual/physical formats.
++
++  // Get the stream / device latency.
++  UInt32 latency;
++  dataSize = sizeof( UInt32 );
++  property.mSelector = kAudioDevicePropertyLatency;
++  if ( AudioObjectHasProperty( id, &property ) == true ) {
++    result = AudioObjectGetPropertyData( id, &property, 0, NULL, &dataSize, &latency );
++    if ( result == kAudioHardwareNoError ) stream_.latency[ mode ] = latency;
++    else {
++      errorStream_ << "RtApiCore::probeDeviceOpen: system error (" << getErrorCode( result ) << ") getting device latency for device (" << device << ").";
++      errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
++      error( RtAudioError::WARNING );
++    }
++  }
++
++  // Byte-swapping: According to AudioHardware.h, the stream data will
++  // always be presented in native-endian format, so we should never
++  // need to byte swap.
++  stream_.doByteSwap[mode] = false;
++
++  // From the CoreAudio documentation, PCM data must be supplied as
++  // 32-bit floats.
++  stream_.userFormat = format;
++  stream_.deviceFormat[mode] = RTAUDIO_FLOAT32;
++
++  if ( streamCount == 1 )
++    stream_.nDeviceChannels[mode] = description.mChannelsPerFrame;
++  else // multiple streams
++    stream_.nDeviceChannels[mode] = channels;
++  stream_.nUserChannels[mode] = channels;
++  stream_.channelOffset[mode] = channelOffset;  // offset within a CoreAudio stream
++  if ( options && options->flags & RTAUDIO_NONINTERLEAVED ) stream_.userInterleaved = false;
++  else stream_.userInterleaved = true;
++  stream_.deviceInterleaved[mode] = true;
++  if ( monoMode == true ) stream_.deviceInterleaved[mode] = false;
++
++  // Set flags for buffer conversion.
++  stream_.doConvertBuffer[mode] = false;
++  if ( stream_.userFormat != stream_.deviceFormat[mode] )
++    stream_.doConvertBuffer[mode] = true;
++  if ( stream_.nUserChannels[mode] < stream_.nDeviceChannels[mode] )
++    stream_.doConvertBuffer[mode] = true;
++  if ( streamCount == 1 ) {
++    if ( stream_.nUserChannels[mode] > 1 &&
++         stream_.userInterleaved != stream_.deviceInterleaved[mode] )
++      stream_.doConvertBuffer[mode] = true;
++  }
++  else if ( monoMode && stream_.userInterleaved )
++    stream_.doConvertBuffer[mode] = true;
++
++  // Allocate our CoreHandle structure for the stream.
++  CoreHandle *handle = 0;
++  if ( stream_.apiHandle == 0 ) {
++    try {
++      handle = new CoreHandle;
++    }
++    catch ( std::bad_alloc& ) {
++      errorText_ = "RtApiCore::probeDeviceOpen: error allocating CoreHandle memory.";
++      goto error;
++    }
++
++    if ( pthread_cond_init( &handle->condition, NULL ) ) {
++      errorText_ = "RtApiCore::probeDeviceOpen: error initializing pthread condition variable.";
++      goto error;
++    }
++    stream_.apiHandle = (void *) handle;
++  }
++  else
++    handle = (CoreHandle *) stream_.apiHandle;
++  handle->iStream[mode] = firstStream;
++  handle->nStreams[mode] = streamCount;
++  handle->id[mode] = id;
++
++  // Allocate necessary internal buffers.
++  unsigned long bufferBytes;
++  bufferBytes = stream_.nUserChannels[mode] * *bufferSize * formatBytes( stream_.userFormat );
++  //  stream_.userBuffer[mode] = (char *) calloc( bufferBytes, 1 );
++  stream_.userBuffer[mode] = (char *) malloc( bufferBytes * sizeof(char) );
++  memset( stream_.userBuffer[mode], 0, bufferBytes * sizeof(char) );
++  if ( stream_.userBuffer[mode] == NULL ) {
++    errorText_ = "RtApiCore::probeDeviceOpen: error allocating user buffer memory.";
++    goto error;
++  }
++
++  // If possible, we will make use of the CoreAudio stream buffers as
++  // "device buffers".  However, we can't do this if using multiple
++  // streams.
++  if ( stream_.doConvertBuffer[mode] && handle->nStreams[mode] > 1 ) {
++
++    bool makeBuffer = true;
++    bufferBytes = stream_.nDeviceChannels[mode] * formatBytes( stream_.deviceFormat[mode] );
++    if ( mode == INPUT ) {
++      if ( stream_.mode == OUTPUT && stream_.deviceBuffer ) {
++        unsigned long bytesOut = stream_.nDeviceChannels[0] * formatBytes( stream_.deviceFormat[0] );
++        if ( bufferBytes <= bytesOut ) makeBuffer = false;
++      }
++    }
++
++    if ( makeBuffer ) {
++      bufferBytes *= *bufferSize;
++      if ( stream_.deviceBuffer ) free( stream_.deviceBuffer );
++      stream_.deviceBuffer = (char *) calloc( bufferBytes, 1 );
++      if ( stream_.deviceBuffer == NULL ) {
++        errorText_ = "RtApiCore::probeDeviceOpen: error allocating device buffer memory.";
++        goto error;
++      }
++    }
++  }
++
++  stream_.sampleRate = sampleRate;
++  stream_.device[mode] = device;
++  stream_.state = STREAM_STOPPED;
++  stream_.callbackInfo.object = (void *) this;
++
++  // Setup the buffer conversion information structure.
++  if ( stream_.doConvertBuffer[mode] ) {
++    if ( streamCount > 1 ) setConvertInfo( mode, 0 );
++    else setConvertInfo( mode, channelOffset );
++  }
++
++  if ( mode == INPUT && stream_.mode == OUTPUT && stream_.device[0] == device )
++    // Only one callback procedure per device.
++    stream_.mode = DUPLEX;
++  else {
++#if defined( MAC_OS_X_VERSION_10_5 ) && ( MAC_OS_X_VERSION_MIN_REQUIRED >= MAC_OS_X_VERSION_10_5 )
++    result = AudioDeviceCreateIOProcID( id, callbackHandler, (void *) &stream_.callbackInfo, &handle->procId[mode] );
++#else
++    // deprecated in favor of AudioDeviceCreateIOProcID()
++    result = AudioDeviceAddIOProc( id, callbackHandler, (void *) &stream_.callbackInfo );
++#endif
++    if ( result != noErr ) {
++      errorStream_ << "RtApiCore::probeDeviceOpen: system error setting callback for device (" << device << ").";
++      errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
++      goto error;
++    }
++    if ( stream_.mode == OUTPUT && mode == INPUT )
++      stream_.mode = DUPLEX;
++    else
++      stream_.mode = mode;
++  }
++
++  // Setup the device property listener for over/underload.
++  property.mSelector = kAudioDeviceProcessorOverload;
++  property.mScope = kAudioObjectPropertyScopeGlobal;
++  result = AudioObjectAddPropertyListener( id, &property, xrunListener, (void *) handle );
++
++  return SUCCESS;
++
++ error:
++  if ( handle ) {
++    pthread_cond_destroy( &handle->condition );
++    delete handle;
++    stream_.apiHandle = 0;
++  }
++
++  for ( int i=0; i<2; i++ ) {
++    if ( stream_.userBuffer[i] ) {
++      free( stream_.userBuffer[i] );
++      stream_.userBuffer[i] = 0;
++    }
++  }
++
++  if ( stream_.deviceBuffer ) {
++    free( stream_.deviceBuffer );
++    stream_.deviceBuffer = 0;
++  }
++
++  stream_.state = STREAM_CLOSED;
++  return FAILURE;
 +}
 +
-+// The sample rate reporting mechanism is a bit of a mystery.  It
-+// seems that it can either return individual rates or a range of
-+// rates.  I assume that if the min / max range values are the same,
-+// then that represents a single supported rate and if the min / max
-+// range values are different, the device supports an arbitrary
-+// range of values (though there might be multiple ranges, so we'll
-+// use the most conservative range).
-+Float64 minimumRate = 1.0, maximumRate = 10000000000.0;
-+bool haveValueRange = false;
-+info.sampleRates.clear();
-+for ( UInt32 i=0; i<nRanges; i++ ) {
-+if ( rangeList[i].mMinimum == rangeList[i].mMaximum ) {
-+unsigned int tmpSr = (unsigned int) rangeList[i].mMinimum;
-+info.sampleRates.push_back( tmpSr );
-+
-+if ( !info.preferredSampleRate || ( tmpSr <= 48000 && tmpSr > info.preferredSampleRate ) )
-+info.preferredSampleRate = tmpSr;
-+
-+} else {
-+haveValueRange = true;
-+if ( rangeList[i].mMinimum > minimumRate ) minimumRate = rangeList[i].mMinimum;
-+if ( rangeList[i].mMaximum < maximumRate ) maximumRate = rangeList[i].mMaximum;
-+}
-+}
++void RtApiCore :: closeStream( void )
++{
++  if ( stream_.state == STREAM_CLOSED ) {
++    errorText_ = "RtApiCore::closeStream(): no open stream to close!";
++    error( RtAudioError::WARNING );
++    return;
++  }
++
++  CoreHandle *handle = (CoreHandle *) stream_.apiHandle;
++  if ( stream_.mode == OUTPUT || stream_.mode == DUPLEX ) {
++    if (handle) {
++      AudioObjectPropertyAddress property = { kAudioHardwarePropertyDevices,
++        kAudioObjectPropertyScopeGlobal,
++        kAudioObjectPropertyElementMaster };
++
++      property.mSelector = kAudioDeviceProcessorOverload;
++      property.mScope = kAudioObjectPropertyScopeGlobal;
++      if (AudioObjectRemovePropertyListener( handle->id[0], &property, xrunListener, (void *) handle ) != noErr) {
++        errorText_ = "RtApiCore::closeStream(): error removing property listener!";
++        error( RtAudioError::WARNING );
++      }
++    }
++    if ( stream_.state == STREAM_RUNNING )
++      AudioDeviceStop( handle->id[0], callbackHandler );
++#if defined( MAC_OS_X_VERSION_10_5 ) && ( MAC_OS_X_VERSION_MIN_REQUIRED >= MAC_OS_X_VERSION_10_5 )
++    AudioDeviceDestroyIOProcID( handle->id[0], handle->procId[0] );
++#else
++    // deprecated in favor of AudioDeviceDestroyIOProcID()
++    AudioDeviceRemoveIOProc( handle->id[0], callbackHandler );
++#endif
++  }
++
++  if ( stream_.mode == INPUT || ( stream_.mode == DUPLEX && stream_.device[0] != stream_.device[1] ) ) {
++    if (handle) {
++      AudioObjectPropertyAddress property = { kAudioHardwarePropertyDevices,
++        kAudioObjectPropertyScopeGlobal,
++        kAudioObjectPropertyElementMaster };
++
++      property.mSelector = kAudioDeviceProcessorOverload;
++      property.mScope = kAudioObjectPropertyScopeGlobal;
++      if (AudioObjectRemovePropertyListener( handle->id[1], &property, xrunListener, (void *) handle ) != noErr) {
++        errorText_ = "RtApiCore::closeStream(): error removing property listener!";
++        error( RtAudioError::WARNING );
++      }
++    }
++    if ( stream_.state == STREAM_RUNNING )
++      AudioDeviceStop( handle->id[1], callbackHandler );
++#if defined( MAC_OS_X_VERSION_10_5 ) && ( MAC_OS_X_VERSION_MIN_REQUIRED >= MAC_OS_X_VERSION_10_5 )
++    AudioDeviceDestroyIOProcID( handle->id[1], handle->procId[1] );
++#else
++    // deprecated in favor of AudioDeviceDestroyIOProcID()
++    AudioDeviceRemoveIOProc( handle->id[1], callbackHandler );
++#endif
++  }
 +
-+if ( haveValueRange ) {
-+for ( unsigned int k=0; k<MAX_SAMPLE_RATES; k++ ) {
-+if ( SAMPLE_RATES[k] >= (unsigned int) minimumRate && SAMPLE_RATES[k] <= (unsigned int) maximumRate ) {
-+info.sampleRates.push_back( SAMPLE_RATES[k] );
++  for ( int i=0; i<2; i++ ) {
++    if ( stream_.userBuffer[i] ) {
++      free( stream_.userBuffer[i] );
++      stream_.userBuffer[i] = 0;
++    }
++  }
 +
-+if ( !info.preferredSampleRate || ( SAMPLE_RATES[k] <= 48000 && SAMPLE_RATES[k] > info.preferredSampleRate ) )
-+info.preferredSampleRate = SAMPLE_RATES[k];
-+}
-+}
-+}
++  if ( stream_.deviceBuffer ) {
++    free( stream_.deviceBuffer );
++    stream_.deviceBuffer = 0;
++  }
 +
-+// Sort and remove any redundant values
-+std::sort( info.sampleRates.begin(), info.sampleRates.end() );
-+info.sampleRates.erase( unique( info.sampleRates.begin(), info.sampleRates.end() ), info.sampleRates.end() );
++  // Destroy pthread condition variable.
++  pthread_cond_destroy( &handle->condition );
++  delete handle;
++  stream_.apiHandle = 0;
 +
-+if ( info.sampleRates.size() == 0 ) {
-+errorStream_ << "RtApiCore::probeDeviceInfo: No supported sample rates found for device (" << device << ").";
-+errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
-+error( RtAudioError::WARNING );
-+return info;
++  stream_.mode = UNINITIALIZED;
++  stream_.state = STREAM_CLOSED;
 +}
 +
-+// CoreAudio always uses 32-bit floating point data for PCM streams.
-+// Thus, any other "physical" formats supported by the device are of
-+// no interest to the client.
-+info.nativeFormats = RTAUDIO_FLOAT32;
-+
-+if ( info.outputChannels > 0 )
-+if ( getDefaultOutputDevice() == device ) info.isDefaultOutput = true;
-+if ( info.inputChannels > 0 )
-+if ( getDefaultInputDevice() == device ) info.isDefaultInput = true;
-+
-+info.probed = true;
-+return info;
++void RtApiCore :: startStream( void )
++{
++  verifyStream();
++  if ( stream_.state == STREAM_RUNNING ) {
++    errorText_ = "RtApiCore::startStream(): the stream is already running!";
++    error( RtAudioError::WARNING );
++    return;
++  }
++
++  OSStatus result = noErr;
++  CoreHandle *handle = (CoreHandle *) stream_.apiHandle;
++  if ( stream_.mode == OUTPUT || stream_.mode == DUPLEX ) {
++
++    result = AudioDeviceStart( handle->id[0], callbackHandler );
++    if ( result != noErr ) {
++      errorStream_ << "RtApiCore::startStream: system error (" << getErrorCode( result ) << ") starting callback procedure on device (" << stream_.device[0] << ").";
++      errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
++      goto unlock;
++    }
++  }
++
++  if ( stream_.mode == INPUT ||
++       ( stream_.mode == DUPLEX && stream_.device[0] != stream_.device[1] ) ) {
++
++    result = AudioDeviceStart( handle->id[1], callbackHandler );
++    if ( result != noErr ) {
++      errorStream_ << "RtApiCore::startStream: system error starting input callback procedure on device (" << stream_.device[1] << ").";
++      errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
++      goto unlock;
++    }
++  }
++
++  handle->drainCounter = 0;
++  handle->internalDrain = false;
++  stream_.state = STREAM_RUNNING;
++
++ unlock:
++  if ( result == noErr ) return;
++  error( RtAudioError::SYSTEM_ERROR );
 +}
 +
-+static OSStatus callbackHandler( AudioDeviceID inDevice,
-+const AudioTimeStamp* /*inNow*/,
-+const AudioBufferList* inInputData,
-+const AudioTimeStamp* /*inInputTime*/,
-+AudioBufferList* outOutputData,
-+const AudioTimeStamp* /*inOutputTime*/,
-+void* infoPointer )
++void RtApiCore :: stopStream( void )
 +{
-+CallbackInfo *info = (CallbackInfo *) infoPointer;
-+
-+RtApiCore *object = (RtApiCore *) info->object;
-+if ( object->callbackEvent( inDevice, inInputData, outOutputData ) == false )
-+return kAudioHardwareUnspecifiedError;
-+else
-+return kAudioHardwareNoError;
++  verifyStream();
++  if ( stream_.state == STREAM_STOPPED ) {
++    errorText_ = "RtApiCore::stopStream(): the stream is already stopped!";
++    error( RtAudioError::WARNING );
++    return;
++  }
++
++  OSStatus result = noErr;
++  CoreHandle *handle = (CoreHandle *) stream_.apiHandle;
++  if ( stream_.mode == OUTPUT || stream_.mode == DUPLEX ) {
++
++    if ( handle->drainCounter == 0 ) {
++      handle->drainCounter = 2;
++      pthread_cond_wait( &handle->condition, &stream_.mutex ); // block until signaled
++    }
++
++    result = AudioDeviceStop( handle->id[0], callbackHandler );
++    if ( result != noErr ) {
++      errorStream_ << "RtApiCore::stopStream: system error (" << getErrorCode( result ) << ") stopping callback procedure on device (" << stream_.device[0] << ").";
++      errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
++      goto unlock;
++    }
++  }
++
++  if ( stream_.mode == INPUT || ( stream_.mode == DUPLEX && stream_.device[0] != stream_.device[1] ) ) {
++
++    result = AudioDeviceStop( handle->id[1], callbackHandler );
++    if ( result != noErr ) {
++      errorStream_ << "RtApiCore::stopStream: system error (" << getErrorCode( result ) << ") stopping input callback procedure on device (" << stream_.device[1] << ").";
++      errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
++      goto unlock;
++    }
++  }
++
++  stream_.state = STREAM_STOPPED;
++
++ unlock:
++  if ( result == noErr ) return;
++  error( RtAudioError::SYSTEM_ERROR );
 +}
 +
-+static OSStatus xrunListener( AudioObjectID /*inDevice*/,
-+UInt32 nAddresses,
-+const AudioObjectPropertyAddress properties[],
-+void* handlePointer )
++void RtApiCore :: abortStream( void )
 +{
-+CoreHandle *handle = (CoreHandle *) handlePointer;
-+for ( UInt32 i=0; i<nAddresses; i++ ) {
-+if ( properties[i].mSelector == kAudioDeviceProcessorOverload ) {
-+if ( properties[i].mScope == kAudioDevicePropertyScopeInput )
-+handle->xrun[1] = true;
-+else
-+handle->xrun[0] = true;
-+}
-+}
++  verifyStream();
++  if ( stream_.state == STREAM_STOPPED ) {
++    errorText_ = "RtApiCore::abortStream(): the stream is already stopped!";
++    error( RtAudioError::WARNING );
++    return;
++  }
 +
-+return kAudioHardwareNoError;
-+}
++  CoreHandle *handle = (CoreHandle *) stream_.apiHandle;
++  handle->drainCounter = 2;
 +
-+static OSStatus rateListener( AudioObjectID inDevice,
-+UInt32 /*nAddresses*/,
-+const AudioObjectPropertyAddress /*properties*/[],
-+void* ratePointer )
-+{
-+Float64 *rate = (Float64 *) ratePointer;
-+UInt32 dataSize = sizeof( Float64 );
-+AudioObjectPropertyAddress property = { kAudioDevicePropertyNominalSampleRate,
-+kAudioObjectPropertyScopeGlobal,
-+kAudioObjectPropertyElementMaster };
-+AudioObjectGetPropertyData( inDevice, &property, 0, NULL, &dataSize, rate );
-+return kAudioHardwareNoError;
++  stopStream();
 +}
 +
-+bool RtApiCore :: probeDeviceOpen( unsigned int device, StreamMode mode, unsigned int channels,
-+unsigned int firstChannel, unsigned int sampleRate,
-+RtAudioFormat format, unsigned int *bufferSize,
-+RtAudio::StreamOptions *options )
++// This function will be called by a spawned thread when the user
++// callback function signals that the stream should be stopped or
++// aborted.  It is better to handle it this way because the
++// callbackEvent() function probably should return before the AudioDeviceStop()
++// function is called.
++static void *coreStopStream( void *ptr )
 +{
-+// Get device ID
-+unsigned int nDevices = getDeviceCount();
-+if ( nDevices == 0 ) {
-+// This should not happen because a check is made before this function is called.
-+errorText_ = "RtApiCore::probeDeviceOpen: no devices found!";
-+return FAILURE;
-+}
++  CallbackInfo *info = (CallbackInfo *) ptr;
++  RtApiCore *object = (RtApiCore *) info->object;
 +
-+if ( device >= nDevices ) {
-+// This should not happen because a check is made before this function is called.
-+errorText_ = "RtApiCore::probeDeviceOpen: device ID is invalid!";
-+return FAILURE;
++  object->stopStream();
++  pthread_exit( NULL );
 +}
 +
-+AudioDeviceID deviceList[ nDevices ];
-+UInt32 dataSize = sizeof( AudioDeviceID ) * nDevices;
-+AudioObjectPropertyAddress property = { kAudioHardwarePropertyDevices,
-+kAudioObjectPropertyScopeGlobal,
-+kAudioObjectPropertyElementMaster };
-+OSStatus result = AudioObjectGetPropertyData( kAudioObjectSystemObject, &property,
-+0, NULL, &dataSize, (void *) &deviceList );
-+if ( result != noErr ) {
-+errorText_ = "RtApiCore::probeDeviceOpen: OS-X system error getting device IDs.";
-+return FAILURE;
++bool RtApiCore :: callbackEvent( AudioDeviceID deviceId,
++                                 const AudioBufferList *inBufferList,
++                                 const AudioBufferList *outBufferList )
++{
++  if ( stream_.state == STREAM_STOPPED || stream_.state == STREAM_STOPPING ) return SUCCESS;
++  if ( stream_.state == STREAM_CLOSED ) {
++    errorText_ = "RtApiCore::callbackEvent(): the stream is closed ... this shouldn't happen!";
++    error( RtAudioError::WARNING );
++    return FAILURE;
++  }
++
++  CallbackInfo *info = (CallbackInfo *) &stream_.callbackInfo;
++  CoreHandle *handle = (CoreHandle *) stream_.apiHandle;
++
++  // Check if we were draining the stream and signal is finished.
++  if ( handle->drainCounter > 3 ) {
++    ThreadHandle threadId;
++
++    stream_.state = STREAM_STOPPING;
++    if ( handle->internalDrain == true )
++      pthread_create( &threadId, NULL, coreStopStream, info );
++    else // external call to stopStream()
++      pthread_cond_signal( &handle->condition );
++    return SUCCESS;
++  }
++
++  AudioDeviceID outputDevice = handle->id[0];
++
++  // Invoke user callback to get fresh output data UNLESS we are
++  // draining stream or duplex mode AND the input/output devices are
++  // different AND this function is called for the input device.
++  if ( handle->drainCounter == 0 && ( stream_.mode != DUPLEX || deviceId == outputDevice ) ) {
++    RtAudioCallback callback = (RtAudioCallback) info->callback;
++    double streamTime = getStreamTime();
++    RtAudioStreamStatus status = 0;
++    if ( stream_.mode != INPUT && handle->xrun[0] == true ) {
++      status |= RTAUDIO_OUTPUT_UNDERFLOW;
++      handle->xrun[0] = false;
++    }
++    if ( stream_.mode != OUTPUT && handle->xrun[1] == true ) {
++      status |= RTAUDIO_INPUT_OVERFLOW;
++      handle->xrun[1] = false;
++    }
++
++    int cbReturnValue = callback( stream_.userBuffer[0], stream_.userBuffer[1],
++                                  stream_.bufferSize, streamTime, status, info->userData );
++    if ( cbReturnValue == 2 ) {
++      stream_.state = STREAM_STOPPING;
++      handle->drainCounter = 2;
++      abortStream();
++      return SUCCESS;
++    }
++    else if ( cbReturnValue == 1 ) {
++      handle->drainCounter = 1;
++      handle->internalDrain = true;
++    }
++  }
++
++  if ( stream_.mode == OUTPUT || ( stream_.mode == DUPLEX && deviceId == outputDevice ) ) {
++
++    if ( handle->drainCounter > 1 ) { // write zeros to the output stream
++
++      if ( handle->nStreams[0] == 1 ) {
++        memset( outBufferList->mBuffers[handle->iStream[0]].mData,
++                0,
++                outBufferList->mBuffers[handle->iStream[0]].mDataByteSize );
++      }
++      else { // fill multiple streams with zeros
++        for ( unsigned int i=0; i<handle->nStreams[0]; i++ ) {
++          memset( outBufferList->mBuffers[handle->iStream[0]+i].mData,
++                  0,
++                  outBufferList->mBuffers[handle->iStream[0]+i].mDataByteSize );
++        }
++      }
++    }
++    else if ( handle->nStreams[0] == 1 ) {
++      if ( stream_.doConvertBuffer[0] ) { // convert directly to CoreAudio stream buffer
++        convertBuffer( (char *) outBufferList->mBuffers[handle->iStream[0]].mData,
++                       stream_.userBuffer[0], stream_.convertInfo[0] );
++      }
++      else { // copy from user buffer
++        memcpy( outBufferList->mBuffers[handle->iStream[0]].mData,
++                stream_.userBuffer[0],
++                outBufferList->mBuffers[handle->iStream[0]].mDataByteSize );
++      }
++    }
++    else { // fill multiple streams
++      Float32 *inBuffer = (Float32 *) stream_.userBuffer[0];
++      if ( stream_.doConvertBuffer[0] ) {
++        convertBuffer( stream_.deviceBuffer, stream_.userBuffer[0], stream_.convertInfo[0] );
++        inBuffer = (Float32 *) stream_.deviceBuffer;
++      }
++
++      if ( stream_.deviceInterleaved[0] == false ) { // mono mode
++        UInt32 bufferBytes = outBufferList->mBuffers[handle->iStream[0]].mDataByteSize;
++        for ( unsigned int i=0; i<stream_.nUserChannels[0]; i++ ) {
++          memcpy( outBufferList->mBuffers[handle->iStream[0]+i].mData,
++                  (void *)&inBuffer[i*stream_.bufferSize], bufferBytes );
++        }
++      }
++      else { // fill multiple multi-channel streams with interleaved data
++        UInt32 streamChannels, channelsLeft, inJump, outJump, inOffset;
++        Float32 *out, *in;
++
++        bool inInterleaved = ( stream_.userInterleaved ) ? true : false;
++        UInt32 inChannels = stream_.nUserChannels[0];
++        if ( stream_.doConvertBuffer[0] ) {
++          inInterleaved = true; // device buffer will always be interleaved for nStreams > 1 and not mono mode
++          inChannels = stream_.nDeviceChannels[0];
++        }
++
++        if ( inInterleaved ) inOffset = 1;
++        else inOffset = stream_.bufferSize;
++
++        channelsLeft = inChannels;
++        for ( unsigned int i=0; i<handle->nStreams[0]; i++ ) {
++          in = inBuffer;
++          out = (Float32 *) outBufferList->mBuffers[handle->iStream[0]+i].mData;
++          streamChannels = outBufferList->mBuffers[handle->iStream[0]+i].mNumberChannels;
++
++          outJump = 0;
++          // Account for possible channel offset in first stream
++          if ( i == 0 && stream_.channelOffset[0] > 0 ) {
++            streamChannels -= stream_.channelOffset[0];
++            outJump = stream_.channelOffset[0];
++            out += outJump;
++          }
++
++          // Account for possible unfilled channels at end of the last stream
++          if ( streamChannels > channelsLeft ) {
++            outJump = streamChannels - channelsLeft;
++            streamChannels = channelsLeft;
++          }
++
++          // Determine input buffer offsets and skips
++          if ( inInterleaved ) {
++            inJump = inChannels;
++            in += inChannels - channelsLeft;
++          }
++          else {
++            inJump = 1;
++            in += (inChannels - channelsLeft) * inOffset;
++          }
++
++          for ( unsigned int i=0; i<stream_.bufferSize; i++ ) {
++            for ( unsigned int j=0; j<streamChannels; j++ ) {
++              *out++ = in[j*inOffset];
++            }
++            out += outJump;
++            in += inJump;
++          }
++          channelsLeft -= streamChannels;
++        }
++      }
++    }
++  }
++
++  // Don't bother draining input
++  if ( handle->drainCounter ) {
++    handle->drainCounter++;
++    goto unlock;
++  }
++
++  AudioDeviceID inputDevice;
++  inputDevice = handle->id[1];
++  if ( stream_.mode == INPUT || ( stream_.mode == DUPLEX && deviceId == inputDevice ) ) {
++
++    if ( handle->nStreams[1] == 1 ) {
++      if ( stream_.doConvertBuffer[1] ) { // convert directly from CoreAudio stream buffer
++        convertBuffer( stream_.userBuffer[1],
++                       (char *) inBufferList->mBuffers[handle->iStream[1]].mData,
++                       stream_.convertInfo[1] );
++      }
++      else { // copy to user buffer
++        memcpy( stream_.userBuffer[1],
++                inBufferList->mBuffers[handle->iStream[1]].mData,
++                inBufferList->mBuffers[handle->iStream[1]].mDataByteSize );
++      }
++    }
++    else { // read from multiple streams
++      Float32 *outBuffer = (Float32 *) stream_.userBuffer[1];
++      if ( stream_.doConvertBuffer[1] ) outBuffer = (Float32 *) stream_.deviceBuffer;
++
++      if ( stream_.deviceInterleaved[1] == false ) { // mono mode
++        UInt32 bufferBytes = inBufferList->mBuffers[handle->iStream[1]].mDataByteSize;
++        for ( unsigned int i=0; i<stream_.nUserChannels[1]; i++ ) {
++          memcpy( (void *)&outBuffer[i*stream_.bufferSize],
++                  inBufferList->mBuffers[handle->iStream[1]+i].mData, bufferBytes );
++        }
++      }
++      else { // read from multiple multi-channel streams
++        UInt32 streamChannels, channelsLeft, inJump, outJump, outOffset;
++        Float32 *out, *in;
++
++        bool outInterleaved = ( stream_.userInterleaved ) ? true : false;
++        UInt32 outChannels = stream_.nUserChannels[1];
++        if ( stream_.doConvertBuffer[1] ) {
++          outInterleaved = true; // device buffer will always be interleaved for nStreams > 1 and not mono mode
++          outChannels = stream_.nDeviceChannels[1];
++        }
++
++        if ( outInterleaved ) outOffset = 1;
++        else outOffset = stream_.bufferSize;
++
++        channelsLeft = outChannels;
++        for ( unsigned int i=0; i<handle->nStreams[1]; i++ ) {
++          out = outBuffer;
++          in = (Float32 *) inBufferList->mBuffers[handle->iStream[1]+i].mData;
++          streamChannels = inBufferList->mBuffers[handle->iStream[1]+i].mNumberChannels;
++
++          inJump = 0;
++          // Account for possible channel offset in first stream
++          if ( i == 0 && stream_.channelOffset[1] > 0 ) {
++            streamChannels -= stream_.channelOffset[1];
++            inJump = stream_.channelOffset[1];
++            in += inJump;
++          }
++
++          // Account for possible unread channels at end of the last stream
++          if ( streamChannels > channelsLeft ) {
++            inJump = streamChannels - channelsLeft;
++            streamChannels = channelsLeft;
++          }
++
++          // Determine output buffer offsets and skips
++          if ( outInterleaved ) {
++            outJump = outChannels;
++            out += outChannels - channelsLeft;
++          }
++          else {
++            outJump = 1;
++            out += (outChannels - channelsLeft) * outOffset;
++          }
++
++          for ( unsigned int i=0; i<stream_.bufferSize; i++ ) {
++            for ( unsigned int j=0; j<streamChannels; j++ ) {
++              out[j*outOffset] = *in++;
++            }
++            out += outJump;
++            in += inJump;
++          }
++          channelsLeft -= streamChannels;
++        }
++      }
++      
++      if ( stream_.doConvertBuffer[1] ) { // convert from our internal "device" buffer
++        convertBuffer( stream_.userBuffer[1],
++                       stream_.deviceBuffer,
++                       stream_.convertInfo[1] );
++      }
++    }
++  }
++
++ unlock:
++  //MUTEX_UNLOCK( &stream_.mutex );
++
++  RtApi::tickStreamTime();
++  return SUCCESS;
 +}
 +
-+AudioDeviceID id = deviceList[ device ];
++const char* RtApiCore :: getErrorCode( OSStatus code )
++{
++  switch( code ) {
 +
-+// Setup for stream mode.
-+bool isInput = false;
-+if ( mode == INPUT ) {
-+isInput = true;
-+property.mScope = kAudioDevicePropertyScopeInput;
-+}
-+else
-+property.mScope = kAudioDevicePropertyScopeOutput;
-+
-+// Get the stream "configuration".
-+AudioBufferList	*bufferList = nil;
-+dataSize = 0;
-+property.mSelector = kAudioDevicePropertyStreamConfiguration;
-+result = AudioObjectGetPropertyDataSize( id, &property, 0, NULL, &dataSize );
-+if ( result != noErr || dataSize == 0 ) {
-+errorStream_ << "RtApiCore::probeDeviceOpen: system error (" << getErrorCode( result ) << ") getting stream configuration info for device (" << device << ").";
-+errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
-+return FAILURE;
-+}
++  case kAudioHardwareNotRunningError:
++    return "kAudioHardwareNotRunningError";
 +
-+// Allocate the AudioBufferList.
-+bufferList = (AudioBufferList *) malloc( dataSize );
-+if ( bufferList == NULL ) {
-+errorText_ = "RtApiCore::probeDeviceOpen: memory error allocating AudioBufferList.";
-+return FAILURE;
-+}
++  case kAudioHardwareUnspecifiedError:
++    return "kAudioHardwareUnspecifiedError";
 +
-+result = AudioObjectGetPropertyData( id, &property, 0, NULL, &dataSize, bufferList );
-+if (result != noErr || dataSize == 0) {
-+free( bufferList );
-+errorStream_ << "RtApiCore::probeDeviceOpen: system error (" << getErrorCode( result ) << ") getting stream configuration for device (" << device << ").";
-+errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
-+return FAILURE;
-+}
++  case kAudioHardwareUnknownPropertyError:
++    return "kAudioHardwareUnknownPropertyError";
 +
-+// Search for one or more streams that contain the desired number of
-+// channels. CoreAudio devices can have an arbitrary number of
-+// streams and each stream can have an arbitrary number of channels.
-+// For each stream, a single buffer of interleaved samples is
-+// provided.  RtAudio prefers the use of one stream of interleaved
-+// data or multiple consecutive single-channel streams.  However, we
-+// now support multiple consecutive multi-channel streams of
-+// interleaved data as well.
-+UInt32 iStream, offsetCounter = firstChannel;
-+UInt32 nStreams = bufferList->mNumberBuffers;
-+bool monoMode = false;
-+bool foundStream = false;
-+
-+// First check that the device supports the requested number of
-+// channels.
-+UInt32 deviceChannels = 0;
-+for ( iStream=0; iStream<nStreams; iStream++ )
-+deviceChannels += bufferList->mBuffers[iStream].mNumberChannels;
-+
-+if ( deviceChannels < ( channels + firstChannel ) ) {
-+free( bufferList );
-+errorStream_ << "RtApiCore::probeDeviceOpen: the device (" << device << ") does not support the requested channel count.";
-+errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
-+return FAILURE;
-+}
++  case kAudioHardwareBadPropertySizeError:
++    return "kAudioHardwareBadPropertySizeError";
 +
-+// Look for a single stream meeting our needs.
-+UInt32 firstStream, streamCount = 1, streamChannels = 0, channelOffset = 0;
-+for ( iStream=0; iStream<nStreams; iStream++ ) {
-+streamChannels = bufferList->mBuffers[iStream].mNumberChannels;
-+if ( streamChannels >= channels + offsetCounter ) {
-+firstStream = iStream;
-+channelOffset = offsetCounter;
-+foundStream = true;
-+break;
-+}
-+if ( streamChannels > offsetCounter ) break;
-+offsetCounter -= streamChannels;
-+}
++  case kAudioHardwareIllegalOperationError:
++    return "kAudioHardwareIllegalOperationError";
 +
-+// If we didn't find a single stream above, then we should be able
-+// to meet the channel specification with multiple streams.
-+if ( foundStream == false ) {
-+monoMode = true;
-+offsetCounter = firstChannel;
-+for ( iStream=0; iStream<nStreams; iStream++ ) {
-+streamChannels = bufferList->mBuffers[iStream].mNumberChannels;
-+if ( streamChannels > offsetCounter ) break;
-+offsetCounter -= streamChannels;
-+}
++  case kAudioHardwareBadObjectError:
++    return "kAudioHardwareBadObjectError";
 +
-+firstStream = iStream;
-+channelOffset = offsetCounter;
-+Int32 channelCounter = channels + offsetCounter - streamChannels;
++  case kAudioHardwareBadDeviceError:
++    return "kAudioHardwareBadDeviceError";
 +
-+if ( streamChannels > 1 ) monoMode = false;
-+while ( channelCounter > 0 ) {
-+streamChannels = bufferList->mBuffers[++iStream].mNumberChannels;
-+if ( streamChannels > 1 ) monoMode = false;
-+channelCounter -= streamChannels;
-+streamCount++;
-+}
-+}
++  case kAudioHardwareBadStreamError:
++    return "kAudioHardwareBadStreamError";
 +
-+free( bufferList );
++  case kAudioHardwareUnsupportedOperationError:
++    return "kAudioHardwareUnsupportedOperationError";
 +
-+// Determine the buffer size.
-+AudioValueRange	bufferRange;
-+dataSize = sizeof( AudioValueRange );
-+property.mSelector = kAudioDevicePropertyBufferFrameSizeRange;
-+result = AudioObjectGetPropertyData( id, &property, 0, NULL, &dataSize, &bufferRange );
++  case kAudioDeviceUnsupportedFormatError:
++    return "kAudioDeviceUnsupportedFormatError";
 +
-+if ( result != noErr ) {
-+errorStream_ << "RtApiCore::probeDeviceOpen: system error (" << getErrorCode( result ) << ") getting buffer size range for device (" << device << ").";
-+errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
-+return FAILURE;
-+}
++  case kAudioDevicePermissionsError:
++    return "kAudioDevicePermissionsError";
 +
-+if ( bufferRange.mMinimum > *bufferSize ) *bufferSize = (unsigned long) bufferRange.mMinimum;
-+else if ( bufferRange.mMaximum < *bufferSize ) *bufferSize = (unsigned long) bufferRange.mMaximum;
-+if ( options && options->flags & RTAUDIO_MINIMIZE_LATENCY ) *bufferSize = (unsigned long) bufferRange.mMinimum;
-+
-+// Set the buffer size.  For multiple streams, I'm assuming we only
-+// need to make this setting for the master channel.
-+UInt32 theSize = (UInt32) *bufferSize;
-+dataSize = sizeof( UInt32 );
-+property.mSelector = kAudioDevicePropertyBufferFrameSize;
-+result = AudioObjectSetPropertyData( id, &property, 0, NULL, dataSize, &theSize );
-+
-+if ( result != noErr ) {
-+errorStream_ << "RtApiCore::probeDeviceOpen: system error (" << getErrorCode( result ) << ") setting the buffer size for device (" << device << ").";
-+errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
-+return FAILURE;
++  default:
++    return "CoreAudio unknown error";
++  }
 +}
 +
-+// If attempting to setup a duplex stream, the bufferSize parameter
-+// MUST be the same in both directions!
-+*bufferSize = theSize;
-+if ( stream_.mode == OUTPUT && mode == INPUT && *bufferSize != stream_.bufferSize ) {
-+errorStream_ << "RtApiCore::probeDeviceOpen: system error setting buffer size for duplex stream on device (" << device << ").";
-+errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
-+return FAILURE;
-+}
++  //******************** End of __MACOSX_CORE__ *********************//
++#endif
 +
-+stream_.bufferSize = *bufferSize;
-+stream_.nBuffers = 1;
-+
-+// Try to set "hog" mode ... it's not clear to me this is working.
-+if ( options && options->flags & RTAUDIO_HOG_DEVICE ) {
-+pid_t hog_pid;
-+dataSize = sizeof( hog_pid );
-+property.mSelector = kAudioDevicePropertyHogMode;
-+result = AudioObjectGetPropertyData( id, &property, 0, NULL, &dataSize, &hog_pid );
-+if ( result != noErr ) {
-+errorStream_ << "RtApiCore::probeDeviceOpen: system error (" << getErrorCode( result ) << ") getting 'hog' state!";
-+errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
-+return FAILURE;
-+}
++#if defined(__UNIX_JACK__)
 +
-+if ( hog_pid != getpid() ) {
-+hog_pid = getpid();
-+result = AudioObjectSetPropertyData( id, &property, 0, NULL, dataSize, &hog_pid );
-+if ( result != noErr ) {
-+errorStream_ << "RtApiCore::probeDeviceOpen: system error (" << getErrorCode( result ) << ") setting 'hog' state!";
-+errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
-+return FAILURE;
-+}
-+}
-+}
++// JACK is a low-latency audio server, originally written for the
++// GNU/Linux operating system and now also ported to OS-X. It can
++// connect a number of different applications to an audio device, as
++// well as allowing them to share audio between themselves.
++//
++// When using JACK with RtAudio, "devices" refer to JACK clients that
++// have ports connected to the server.  The JACK server is typically
++// started in a terminal as follows:
++//
++// .jackd -d alsa -d hw:0
++//
++// or through an interface program such as qjackctl.  Many of the
++// parameters normally set for a stream are fixed by the JACK server
++// and can be specified when the JACK server is started.  In
++// particular,
++//
++// .jackd -d alsa -d hw:0 -r 44100 -p 512 -n 4
++//
++// specifies a sample rate of 44100 Hz, a buffer size of 512 sample
++// frames, and number of buffers = 4.  Once the server is running, it
++// is not possible to override these values.  If the values are not
++// specified in the command-line, the JACK server uses default values.
++//
++// The JACK server does not have to be running when an instance of
++// RtApiJack is created, though the function getDeviceCount() will
++// report 0 devices found until JACK has been started.  When no
++// devices are available (i.e., the JACK server is not running), a
++// stream cannot be opened.
 +
-+// Check and if necessary, change the sample rate for the device.
-+Float64 nominalRate;
-+dataSize = sizeof( Float64 );
-+property.mSelector = kAudioDevicePropertyNominalSampleRate;
-+result = AudioObjectGetPropertyData( id, &property, 0, NULL, &dataSize, &nominalRate );
-+if ( result != noErr ) {
-+errorStream_ << "RtApiCore::probeDeviceOpen: system error (" << getErrorCode( result ) << ") getting current sample rate.";
-+errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
-+return FAILURE;
-+}
++#include <jack/jack.h>
++#include <unistd.h>
++#include <cstdio>
 +
-+// Only change the sample rate if off by more than 1 Hz.
-+if ( fabs( nominalRate - (double)sampleRate ) > 1.0 ) {
-+
-+// Set a property listener for the sample rate change
-+Float64 reportedRate = 0.0;
-+AudioObjectPropertyAddress tmp = { kAudioDevicePropertyNominalSampleRate, kAudioObjectPropertyScopeGlobal, kAudioObjectPropertyElementMaster };
-+result = AudioObjectAddPropertyListener( id, &tmp, rateListener, (void *) &reportedRate );
-+if ( result != noErr ) {
-+errorStream_ << "RtApiCore::probeDeviceOpen: system error (" << getErrorCode( result ) << ") setting sample rate property listener for device (" << device << ").";
-+errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
-+return FAILURE;
-+}
++// A structure to hold various information related to the Jack API
++// implementation.
++struct JackHandle {
++  jack_client_t *client;
++  jack_port_t **ports[2];
++  std::string deviceName[2];
++  bool xrun[2];
++  pthread_cond_t condition;
++  int drainCounter;       // Tracks callback counts when draining
++  bool internalDrain;     // Indicates if stop is initiated from callback or not.
++
++  JackHandle()
++    :client(0), drainCounter(0), internalDrain(false) { ports[0] = 0; ports[1] = 0; xrun[0] = false; xrun[1] = false; }
++};
 +
-+nominalRate = (Float64) sampleRate;
-+result = AudioObjectSetPropertyData( id, &property, 0, NULL, dataSize, &nominalRate );
-+if ( result != noErr ) {
-+AudioObjectRemovePropertyListener( id, &tmp, rateListener, (void *) &reportedRate );
-+errorStream_ << "RtApiCore::probeDeviceOpen: system error (" << getErrorCode( result ) << ") setting sample rate for device (" << device << ").";
-+errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
-+return FAILURE;
-+}
++#if !defined(__RTAUDIO_DEBUG__)
++static void jackSilentError( const char * ) {};
++#endif
 +
-+// Now wait until the reported nominal rate is what we just set.
-+UInt32 microCounter = 0;
-+while ( reportedRate != nominalRate ) {
-+microCounter += 5000;
-+if ( microCounter > 5000000 ) break;
-+usleep( 5000 );
++RtApiJack :: RtApiJack()
++    :shouldAutoconnect_(true) {
++  // Nothing to do here.
++#if !defined(__RTAUDIO_DEBUG__)
++  // Turn off Jack's internal error reporting.
++  jack_set_error_function( &jackSilentError );
++#endif
 +}
 +
-+// Remove the property listener.
-+AudioObjectRemovePropertyListener( id, &tmp, rateListener, (void *) &reportedRate );
-+
-+if ( microCounter > 5000000 ) {
-+errorStream_ << "RtApiCore::probeDeviceOpen: timeout waiting for sample rate update for device (" << device << ").";
-+errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
-+return FAILURE;
-+}
++RtApiJack :: ~RtApiJack()
++{
++  if ( stream_.state != STREAM_CLOSED ) closeStream();
 +}
 +
-+// Now set the stream format for all streams.  Also, check the
-+// physical format of the device and change that if necessary.
-+AudioStreamBasicDescription	description;
-+dataSize = sizeof( AudioStreamBasicDescription );
-+property.mSelector = kAudioStreamPropertyVirtualFormat;
-+result = AudioObjectGetPropertyData( id, &property, 0, NULL, &dataSize, &description );
-+if ( result != noErr ) {
-+errorStream_ << "RtApiCore::probeDeviceOpen: system error (" << getErrorCode( result ) << ") getting stream format for device (" << device << ").";
-+errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
-+return FAILURE;
++unsigned int RtApiJack :: getDeviceCount( void )
++{
++  // See if we can become a jack client.
++  jack_options_t options = (jack_options_t) ( JackNoStartServer ); //JackNullOption;
++  jack_status_t *status = NULL;
++  jack_client_t *client = jack_client_open( "RtApiJackCount", options, status );
++  if ( client == 0 ) return 0;
++
++  const char **ports;
++  std::string port, previousPort;
++  unsigned int nChannels = 0, nDevices = 0;
++  ports = jack_get_ports( client, NULL, NULL, 0 );
++  if ( ports ) {
++    // Parse the port names up to the first colon (:).
++    size_t iColon = 0;
++    do {
++      port = (char *) ports[ nChannels ];
++      iColon = port.find(":");
++      if ( iColon != std::string::npos ) {
++        port = port.substr( 0, iColon + 1 );
++        if ( port != previousPort ) {
++          nDevices++;
++          previousPort = port;
++        }
++      }
++    } while ( ports[++nChannels] );
++    free( ports );
++  }
++
++  jack_client_close( client );
++  return nDevices;
 +}
 +
-+// Set the sample rate and data format id.  However, only make the
-+// change if the sample rate is not within 1.0 of the desired
-+// rate and the format is not linear pcm.
-+bool updateFormat = false;
-+if ( fabs( description.mSampleRate - (Float64)sampleRate ) > 1.0 ) {
-+description.mSampleRate = (Float64) sampleRate;
-+updateFormat = true;
++RtAudio::DeviceInfo RtApiJack :: getDeviceInfo( unsigned int device )
++{
++  RtAudio::DeviceInfo info;
++  info.probed = false;
++
++  jack_options_t options = (jack_options_t) ( JackNoStartServer ); //JackNullOption
++  jack_status_t *status = NULL;
++  jack_client_t *client = jack_client_open( "RtApiJackInfo", options, status );
++  if ( client == 0 ) {
++    errorText_ = "RtApiJack::getDeviceInfo: Jack server not found or connection error!";
++    error( RtAudioError::WARNING );
++    return info;
++  }
++
++  const char **ports;
++  std::string port, previousPort;
++  unsigned int nPorts = 0, nDevices = 0;
++  ports = jack_get_ports( client, NULL, NULL, 0 );
++  if ( ports ) {
++    // Parse the port names up to the first colon (:).
++    size_t iColon = 0;
++    do {
++      port = (char *) ports[ nPorts ];
++      iColon = port.find(":");
++      if ( iColon != std::string::npos ) {
++        port = port.substr( 0, iColon );
++        if ( port != previousPort ) {
++          if ( nDevices == device ) info.name = port;
++          nDevices++;
++          previousPort = port;
++        }
++      }
++    } while ( ports[++nPorts] );
++    free( ports );
++  }
++
++  if ( device >= nDevices ) {
++    jack_client_close( client );
++    errorText_ = "RtApiJack::getDeviceInfo: device ID is invalid!";
++    error( RtAudioError::INVALID_USE );
++    return info;
++  }
++
++  // Get the current jack server sample rate.
++  info.sampleRates.clear();
++
++  info.preferredSampleRate = jack_get_sample_rate( client );
++  info.sampleRates.push_back( info.preferredSampleRate );
++
++  // Count the available ports containing the client name as device
++  // channels.  Jack "input ports" equal RtAudio output channels.
++  unsigned int nChannels = 0;
++  ports = jack_get_ports( client, info.name.c_str(), NULL, JackPortIsInput );
++  if ( ports ) {
++    while ( ports[ nChannels ] ) nChannels++;
++    free( ports );
++    info.outputChannels = nChannels;
++  }
++
++  // Jack "output ports" equal RtAudio input channels.
++  nChannels = 0;
++  ports = jack_get_ports( client, info.name.c_str(), NULL, JackPortIsOutput );
++  if ( ports ) {
++    while ( ports[ nChannels ] ) nChannels++;
++    free( ports );
++    info.inputChannels = nChannels;
++  }
++
++  if ( info.outputChannels == 0 && info.inputChannels == 0 ) {
++    jack_client_close(client);
++    errorText_ = "RtApiJack::getDeviceInfo: error determining Jack input/output channels!";
++    error( RtAudioError::WARNING );
++    return info;
++  }
++
++  // If device opens for both playback and capture, we determine the channels.
++  if ( info.outputChannels > 0 && info.inputChannels > 0 )
++    info.duplexChannels = (info.outputChannels > info.inputChannels) ? info.inputChannels : info.outputChannels;
++
++  // Jack always uses 32-bit floats.
++  info.nativeFormats = RTAUDIO_FLOAT32;
++
++  // Jack doesn't provide default devices so we'll use the first available one.
++  if ( device == 0 && info.outputChannels > 0 )
++    info.isDefaultOutput = true;
++  if ( device == 0 && info.inputChannels > 0 )
++    info.isDefaultInput = true;
++
++  jack_client_close(client);
++  info.probed = true;
++  return info;
 +}
 +
-+if ( description.mFormatID != kAudioFormatLinearPCM ) {
-+description.mFormatID = kAudioFormatLinearPCM;
-+updateFormat = true;
-+}
++static int jackCallbackHandler( jack_nframes_t nframes, void *infoPointer )
++{
++  CallbackInfo *info = (CallbackInfo *) infoPointer;
 +
-+if ( updateFormat ) {
-+result = AudioObjectSetPropertyData( id, &property, 0, NULL, dataSize, &description );
-+if ( result != noErr ) {
-+errorStream_ << "RtApiCore::probeDeviceOpen: system error (" << getErrorCode( result ) << ") setting sample rate or data format for device (" << device << ").";
-+errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
-+return FAILURE;
-+}
-+}
++  RtApiJack *object = (RtApiJack *) info->object;
++  if ( object->callbackEvent( (unsigned long) nframes ) == false ) return 1;
 +
-+// Now check the physical format.
-+property.mSelector = kAudioStreamPropertyPhysicalFormat;
-+result = AudioObjectGetPropertyData( id, &property, 0, NULL,  &dataSize, &description );
-+if ( result != noErr ) {
-+errorStream_ << "RtApiCore::probeDeviceOpen: system error (" << getErrorCode( result ) << ") getting stream physical format for device (" << device << ").";
-+errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
-+return FAILURE;
++  return 0;
 +}
 +
-+//std::cout << "Current physical stream format:" << std::endl;
-+//std::cout << "   mBitsPerChan = " << description.mBitsPerChannel << std::endl;
-+//std::cout << "   aligned high = " << (description.mFormatFlags & kAudioFormatFlagIsAlignedHigh) << ", isPacked = " << (description.mFormatFlags & kAudioFormatFlagIsPacked) << std::endl;
-+//std::cout << "   bytesPerFrame = " << description.mBytesPerFrame << std::endl;
-+//std::cout << "   sample rate = " << description.mSampleRate << std::endl;
-+
-+if ( description.mFormatID != kAudioFormatLinearPCM || description.mBitsPerChannel < 16 ) {
-+description.mFormatID = kAudioFormatLinearPCM;
-+//description.mSampleRate = (Float64) sampleRate;
-+AudioStreamBasicDescription	testDescription = description;
-+UInt32 formatFlags;
-+
-+// We'll try higher bit rates first and then work our way down.
-+std::vector< std::pair<UInt32, UInt32>  > physicalFormats;
-+formatFlags = (description.mFormatFlags | kLinearPCMFormatFlagIsFloat) & ~kLinearPCMFormatFlagIsSignedInteger;
-+physicalFormats.push_back( std::pair<Float32, UInt32>( 32, formatFlags ) );
-+formatFlags = (description.mFormatFlags | kLinearPCMFormatFlagIsSignedInteger | kAudioFormatFlagIsPacked) & ~kLinearPCMFormatFlagIsFloat;
-+physicalFormats.push_back( std::pair<Float32, UInt32>( 32, formatFlags ) );
-+physicalFormats.push_back( std::pair<Float32, UInt32>( 24, formatFlags ) );   // 24-bit packed
-+formatFlags &= ~( kAudioFormatFlagIsPacked | kAudioFormatFlagIsAlignedHigh );
-+physicalFormats.push_back( std::pair<Float32, UInt32>( 24.2, formatFlags ) ); // 24-bit in 4 bytes, aligned low
-+formatFlags |= kAudioFormatFlagIsAlignedHigh;
-+physicalFormats.push_back( std::pair<Float32, UInt32>( 24.4, formatFlags ) ); // 24-bit in 4 bytes, aligned high
-+formatFlags = (description.mFormatFlags | kLinearPCMFormatFlagIsSignedInteger | kAudioFormatFlagIsPacked) & ~kLinearPCMFormatFlagIsFloat;
-+physicalFormats.push_back( std::pair<Float32, UInt32>( 16, formatFlags ) );
-+physicalFormats.push_back( std::pair<Float32, UInt32>( 8, formatFlags ) );
-+
-+bool setPhysicalFormat = false;
-+for( unsigned int i=0; i<physicalFormats.size(); i++ ) {
-+testDescription = description;
-+testDescription.mBitsPerChannel = (UInt32) physicalFormats[i].first;
-+testDescription.mFormatFlags = physicalFormats[i].second;
-+if ( (24 == (UInt32)physicalFormats[i].first) && ~( physicalFormats[i].second & kAudioFormatFlagIsPacked ) )
-+testDescription.mBytesPerFrame =  4 * testDescription.mChannelsPerFrame;
-+else
-+testDescription.mBytesPerFrame =  testDescription.mBitsPerChannel/8 * testDescription.mChannelsPerFrame;
-+testDescription.mBytesPerPacket = testDescription.mBytesPerFrame * testDescription.mFramesPerPacket;
-+result = AudioObjectSetPropertyData( id, &property, 0, NULL, dataSize, &testDescription );
-+if ( result == noErr ) {
-+setPhysicalFormat = true;
-+//std::cout << "Updated physical stream format:" << std::endl;
-+//std::cout << "   mBitsPerChan = " << testDescription.mBitsPerChannel << std::endl;
-+//std::cout << "   aligned high = " << (testDescription.mFormatFlags & kAudioFormatFlagIsAlignedHigh) << ", isPacked = " << (testDescription.mFormatFlags & kAudioFormatFlagIsPacked) << std::endl;
-+//std::cout << "   bytesPerFrame = " << testDescription.mBytesPerFrame << std::endl;
-+//std::cout << "   sample rate = " << testDescription.mSampleRate << std::endl;
-+break;
-+}
-+}
++// This function will be called by a spawned thread when the Jack
++// server signals that it is shutting down.  It is necessary to handle
++// it this way because the jackShutdown() function must return before
++// the jack_deactivate() function (in closeStream()) will return.
++static void *jackCloseStream( void *ptr )
++{
++  CallbackInfo *info = (CallbackInfo *) ptr;
++  RtApiJack *object = (RtApiJack *) info->object;
 +
-+if ( !setPhysicalFormat ) {
-+errorStream_ << "RtApiCore::probeDeviceOpen: system error (" << getErrorCode( result ) << ") setting physical data format for device (" << device << ").";
-+errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
-+return FAILURE;
-+}
-+} // done setting virtual/physical formats.
-+
-+// Get the stream / device latency.
-+UInt32 latency;
-+dataSize = sizeof( UInt32 );
-+property.mSelector = kAudioDevicePropertyLatency;
-+if ( AudioObjectHasProperty( id, &property ) == true ) {
-+result = AudioObjectGetPropertyData( id, &property, 0, NULL, &dataSize, &latency );
-+if ( result == kAudioHardwareNoError ) stream_.latency[ mode ] = latency;
-+else {
-+errorStream_ << "RtApiCore::probeDeviceOpen: system error (" << getErrorCode( result ) << ") getting device latency for device (" << device << ").";
-+errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
-+error( RtAudioError::WARNING );
-+}
-+}
++  object->closeStream();
 +
-+// Byte-swapping: According to AudioHardware.h, the stream data will
-+// always be presented in native-endian format, so we should never
-+// need to byte swap.
-+stream_.doByteSwap[mode] = false;
-+
-+// From the CoreAudio documentation, PCM data must be supplied as
-+// 32-bit floats.
-+stream_.userFormat = format;
-+stream_.deviceFormat[mode] = RTAUDIO_FLOAT32;
-+
-+if ( streamCount == 1 )
-+stream_.nDeviceChannels[mode] = description.mChannelsPerFrame;
-+else // multiple streams
-+stream_.nDeviceChannels[mode] = channels;
-+stream_.nUserChannels[mode] = channels;
-+stream_.channelOffset[mode] = channelOffset;  // offset within a CoreAudio stream
-+if ( options && options->flags & RTAUDIO_NONINTERLEAVED ) stream_.userInterleaved = false;
-+else stream_.userInterleaved = true;
-+stream_.deviceInterleaved[mode] = true;
-+if ( monoMode == true ) stream_.deviceInterleaved[mode] = false;
-+
-+// Set flags for buffer conversion.
-+stream_.doConvertBuffer[mode] = false;
-+if ( stream_.userFormat != stream_.deviceFormat[mode] )
-+stream_.doConvertBuffer[mode] = true;
-+if ( stream_.nUserChannels[mode] < stream_.nDeviceChannels[mode] )
-+stream_.doConvertBuffer[mode] = true;
-+if ( streamCount == 1 ) {
-+if ( stream_.nUserChannels[mode] > 1 &&
-+stream_.userInterleaved != stream_.deviceInterleaved[mode] )
-+stream_.doConvertBuffer[mode] = true;
-+}
-+else if ( monoMode && stream_.userInterleaved )
-+stream_.doConvertBuffer[mode] = true;
-+
-+// Allocate our CoreHandle structure for the stream.
-+CoreHandle *handle = 0;
-+if ( stream_.apiHandle == 0 ) {
-+try {
-+handle = new CoreHandle;
-+}
-+catch ( std::bad_alloc& ) {
-+errorText_ = "RtApiCore::probeDeviceOpen: error allocating CoreHandle memory.";
-+goto error;
++  pthread_exit( NULL );
 +}
++static void jackShutdown( void *infoPointer )
++{
++  CallbackInfo *info = (CallbackInfo *) infoPointer;
++  RtApiJack *object = (RtApiJack *) info->object;
 +
-+if ( pthread_cond_init( &handle->condition, NULL ) ) {
-+errorText_ = "RtApiCore::probeDeviceOpen: error initializing pthread condition variable.";
-+goto error;
-+}
-+stream_.apiHandle = (void *) handle;
-+}
-+else
-+handle = (CoreHandle *) stream_.apiHandle;
-+handle->iStream[mode] = firstStream;
-+handle->nStreams[mode] = streamCount;
-+handle->id[mode] = id;
-+
-+// Allocate necessary internal buffers.
-+unsigned long bufferBytes;
-+bufferBytes = stream_.nUserChannels[mode] * *bufferSize * formatBytes( stream_.userFormat );
-+//  stream_.userBuffer[mode] = (char *) calloc( bufferBytes, 1 );
-+stream_.userBuffer[mode] = (char *) malloc( bufferBytes * sizeof(char) );
-+memset( stream_.userBuffer[mode], 0, bufferBytes * sizeof(char) );
-+if ( stream_.userBuffer[mode] == NULL ) {
-+errorText_ = "RtApiCore::probeDeviceOpen: error allocating user buffer memory.";
-+goto error;
-+}
++  // Check current stream state.  If stopped, then we'll assume this
++  // was called as a result of a call to RtApiJack::stopStream (the
++  // deactivation of a client handle causes this function to be called).
++  // If not, we'll assume the Jack server is shutting down or some
++  // other problem occurred and we should close the stream.
++  if ( object->isStreamRunning() == false ) return;
 +
-+// If possible, we will make use of the CoreAudio stream buffers as
-+// "device buffers".  However, we can't do this if using multiple
-+// streams.
-+if ( stream_.doConvertBuffer[mode] && handle->nStreams[mode] > 1 ) {
-+
-+bool makeBuffer = true;
-+bufferBytes = stream_.nDeviceChannels[mode] * formatBytes( stream_.deviceFormat[mode] );
-+if ( mode == INPUT ) {
-+if ( stream_.mode == OUTPUT && stream_.deviceBuffer ) {
-+unsigned long bytesOut = stream_.nDeviceChannels[0] * formatBytes( stream_.deviceFormat[0] );
-+if ( bufferBytes <= bytesOut ) makeBuffer = false;
-+}
++  ThreadHandle threadId;
++  pthread_create( &threadId, NULL, jackCloseStream, info );
++  std::cerr << "\nRtApiJack: the Jack server is shutting down this client ... stream stopped and closed!!\n" << std::endl;
 +}
 +
-+if ( makeBuffer ) {
-+bufferBytes *= *bufferSize;
-+if ( stream_.deviceBuffer ) free( stream_.deviceBuffer );
-+stream_.deviceBuffer = (char *) calloc( bufferBytes, 1 );
-+if ( stream_.deviceBuffer == NULL ) {
-+errorText_ = "RtApiCore::probeDeviceOpen: error allocating device buffer memory.";
-+goto error;
-+}
-+}
-+}
++static int jackXrun( void *infoPointer )
++{
++  JackHandle *handle = (JackHandle *) infoPointer;
 +
-+stream_.sampleRate = sampleRate;
-+stream_.device[mode] = device;
-+stream_.state = STREAM_STOPPED;
-+stream_.callbackInfo.object = (void *) this;
++  if ( handle->ports[0] ) handle->xrun[0] = true;
++  if ( handle->ports[1] ) handle->xrun[1] = true;
 +
-+// Setup the buffer conversion information structure.
-+if ( stream_.doConvertBuffer[mode] ) {
-+if ( streamCount > 1 ) setConvertInfo( mode, 0 );
-+else setConvertInfo( mode, channelOffset );
++  return 0;
 +}
 +
-+if ( mode == INPUT && stream_.mode == OUTPUT && stream_.device[0] == device )
-+// Only one callback procedure per device.
-+stream_.mode = DUPLEX;
-+else {
-+#if defined( MAC_OS_X_VERSION_10_5 ) && ( MAC_OS_X_VERSION_MIN_REQUIRED >= MAC_OS_X_VERSION_10_5 )
-+result = AudioDeviceCreateIOProcID( id, callbackHandler, (void *) &stream_.callbackInfo, &handle->procId[mode] );
-+#else
-+// deprecated in favor of AudioDeviceCreateIOProcID()
-+result = AudioDeviceAddIOProc( id, callbackHandler, (void *) &stream_.callbackInfo );
-+#endif
-+if ( result != noErr ) {
-+errorStream_ << "RtApiCore::probeDeviceOpen: system error setting callback for device (" << device << ").";
-+errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
-+goto error;
-+}
-+if ( stream_.mode == OUTPUT && mode == INPUT )
-+stream_.mode = DUPLEX;
-+else
-+stream_.mode = mode;
++bool RtApiJack :: probeDeviceOpen( unsigned int device, StreamMode mode, unsigned int channels,
++                                   unsigned int firstChannel, unsigned int sampleRate,
++                                   RtAudioFormat format, unsigned int *bufferSize,
++                                   RtAudio::StreamOptions *options )
++{
++  JackHandle *handle = (JackHandle *) stream_.apiHandle;
++
++  // Look for jack server and try to become a client (only do once per stream).
++  jack_client_t *client = 0;
++  if ( mode == OUTPUT || ( mode == INPUT && stream_.mode != OUTPUT ) ) {
++    jack_options_t jackoptions = (jack_options_t) ( JackNoStartServer ); //JackNullOption;
++    jack_status_t *status = NULL;
++    if ( options && !options->streamName.empty() )
++      client = jack_client_open( options->streamName.c_str(), jackoptions, status );
++    else
++      client = jack_client_open( "RtApiJack", jackoptions, status );
++    if ( client == 0 ) {
++      errorText_ = "RtApiJack::probeDeviceOpen: Jack server not found or connection error!";
++      error( RtAudioError::WARNING );
++      return FAILURE;
++    }
++  }
++  else {
++    // The handle must have been created on an earlier pass.
++    client = handle->client;
++  }
++
++  const char **ports;
++  std::string port, previousPort, deviceName;
++  unsigned int nPorts = 0, nDevices = 0;
++  ports = jack_get_ports( client, NULL, NULL, 0 );
++  if ( ports ) {
++    // Parse the port names up to the first colon (:).
++    size_t iColon = 0;
++    do {
++      port = (char *) ports[ nPorts ];
++      iColon = port.find(":");
++      if ( iColon != std::string::npos ) {
++        port = port.substr( 0, iColon );
++        if ( port != previousPort ) {
++          if ( nDevices == device ) deviceName = port;
++          nDevices++;
++          previousPort = port;
++        }
++      }
++    } while ( ports[++nPorts] );
++    free( ports );
++  }
++
++  if ( device >= nDevices ) {
++    errorText_ = "RtApiJack::probeDeviceOpen: device ID is invalid!";
++    return FAILURE;
++  }
++
++  // Count the available ports containing the client name as device
++  // channels.  Jack "input ports" equal RtAudio output channels.
++  unsigned int nChannels = 0;
++  unsigned long flag = JackPortIsInput;
++  if ( mode == INPUT ) flag = JackPortIsOutput;
++  ports = jack_get_ports( client, deviceName.c_str(), NULL, flag );
++  if ( ports ) {
++    while ( ports[ nChannels ] ) nChannels++;
++    free( ports );
++  }
++
++  // Compare the jack ports for specified client to the requested number of channels.
++  if ( nChannels < (channels + firstChannel) ) {
++    errorStream_ << "RtApiJack::probeDeviceOpen: requested number of channels (" << channels << ") + offset (" << firstChannel << ") not found for specified device (" << device << ":" << deviceName << ").";
++    errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
++    return FAILURE;
++  }
++
++  // Check the jack server sample rate.
++  unsigned int jackRate = jack_get_sample_rate( client );
++  if ( sampleRate != jackRate ) {
++    jack_client_close( client );
++    errorStream_ << "RtApiJack::probeDeviceOpen: the requested sample rate (" << sampleRate << ") is different than the JACK server rate (" << jackRate << ").";
++    errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
++    return FAILURE;
++  }
++  stream_.sampleRate = jackRate;
++
++  // Get the latency of the JACK port.
++  ports = jack_get_ports( client, deviceName.c_str(), NULL, flag );
++  if ( ports[ firstChannel ] ) {
++    // Added by Ge Wang
++    jack_latency_callback_mode_t cbmode = (mode == INPUT ? JackCaptureLatency : JackPlaybackLatency);
++    // the range (usually the min and max are equal)
++    jack_latency_range_t latrange; latrange.min = latrange.max = 0;
++    // get the latency range
++    jack_port_get_latency_range( jack_port_by_name( client, ports[firstChannel] ), cbmode, &latrange );
++    // be optimistic, use the min!
++    stream_.latency[mode] = latrange.min;
++    //stream_.latency[mode] = jack_port_get_latency( jack_port_by_name( client, ports[ firstChannel ] ) );
++  }
++  free( ports );
++
++  // The jack server always uses 32-bit floating-point data.
++  stream_.deviceFormat[mode] = RTAUDIO_FLOAT32;
++  stream_.userFormat = format;
++
++  if ( options && options->flags & RTAUDIO_NONINTERLEAVED ) stream_.userInterleaved = false;
++  else stream_.userInterleaved = true;
++
++  // Jack always uses non-interleaved buffers.
++  stream_.deviceInterleaved[mode] = false;
++
++  // Jack always provides host byte-ordered data.
++  stream_.doByteSwap[mode] = false;
++
++  // Get the buffer size.  The buffer size and number of buffers
++  // (periods) is set when the jack server is started.
++  stream_.bufferSize = (int) jack_get_buffer_size( client );
++  *bufferSize = stream_.bufferSize;
++
++  stream_.nDeviceChannels[mode] = channels;
++  stream_.nUserChannels[mode] = channels;
++
++  // Set flags for buffer conversion.
++  stream_.doConvertBuffer[mode] = false;
++  if ( stream_.userFormat != stream_.deviceFormat[mode] )
++    stream_.doConvertBuffer[mode] = true;
++  if ( stream_.userInterleaved != stream_.deviceInterleaved[mode] &&
++       stream_.nUserChannels[mode] > 1 )
++    stream_.doConvertBuffer[mode] = true;
++
++  // Allocate our JackHandle structure for the stream.
++  if ( handle == 0 ) {
++    try {
++      handle = new JackHandle;
++    }
++    catch ( std::bad_alloc& ) {
++      errorText_ = "RtApiJack::probeDeviceOpen: error allocating JackHandle memory.";
++      goto error;
++    }
++
++    if ( pthread_cond_init(&handle->condition, NULL) ) {
++      errorText_ = "RtApiJack::probeDeviceOpen: error initializing pthread condition variable.";
++      goto error;
++    }
++    stream_.apiHandle = (void *) handle;
++    handle->client = client;
++  }
++  handle->deviceName[mode] = deviceName;
++
++  // Allocate necessary internal buffers.
++  unsigned long bufferBytes;
++  bufferBytes = stream_.nUserChannels[mode] * *bufferSize * formatBytes( stream_.userFormat );
++  stream_.userBuffer[mode] = (char *) calloc( bufferBytes, 1 );
++  if ( stream_.userBuffer[mode] == NULL ) {
++    errorText_ = "RtApiJack::probeDeviceOpen: error allocating user buffer memory.";
++    goto error;
++  }
++
++  if ( stream_.doConvertBuffer[mode] ) {
++
++    bool makeBuffer = true;
++    if ( mode == OUTPUT )
++      bufferBytes = stream_.nDeviceChannels[0] * formatBytes( stream_.deviceFormat[0] );
++    else { // mode == INPUT
++      bufferBytes = stream_.nDeviceChannels[1] * formatBytes( stream_.deviceFormat[1] );
++      if ( stream_.mode == OUTPUT && stream_.deviceBuffer ) {
++        unsigned long bytesOut = stream_.nDeviceChannels[0] * formatBytes(stream_.deviceFormat[0]);
++        if ( bufferBytes < bytesOut ) makeBuffer = false;
++      }
++    }
++
++    if ( makeBuffer ) {
++      bufferBytes *= *bufferSize;
++      if ( stream_.deviceBuffer ) free( stream_.deviceBuffer );
++      stream_.deviceBuffer = (char *) calloc( bufferBytes, 1 );
++      if ( stream_.deviceBuffer == NULL ) {
++        errorText_ = "RtApiJack::probeDeviceOpen: error allocating device buffer memory.";
++        goto error;
++      }
++    }
++  }
++
++  // Allocate memory for the Jack ports (channels) identifiers.
++  handle->ports[mode] = (jack_port_t **) malloc ( sizeof (jack_port_t *) * channels );
++  if ( handle->ports[mode] == NULL )  {
++    errorText_ = "RtApiJack::probeDeviceOpen: error allocating port memory.";
++    goto error;
++  }
++
++  stream_.device[mode] = device;
++  stream_.channelOffset[mode] = firstChannel;
++  stream_.state = STREAM_STOPPED;
++  stream_.callbackInfo.object = (void *) this;
++
++  if ( stream_.mode == OUTPUT && mode == INPUT )
++    // We had already set up the stream for output.
++    stream_.mode = DUPLEX;
++  else {
++    stream_.mode = mode;
++    jack_set_process_callback( handle->client, jackCallbackHandler, (void *) &stream_.callbackInfo );
++    jack_set_xrun_callback( handle->client, jackXrun, (void *) &handle );
++    jack_on_shutdown( handle->client, jackShutdown, (void *) &stream_.callbackInfo );
++  }
++
++  // Register our ports.
++  char label[64];
++  if ( mode == OUTPUT ) {
++    for ( unsigned int i=0; i<stream_.nUserChannels[0]; i++ ) {
++      snprintf( label, 64, "outport %d", i );
++      handle->ports[0][i] = jack_port_register( handle->client, (const char *)label,
++                                                JACK_DEFAULT_AUDIO_TYPE, JackPortIsOutput, 0 );
++    }
++  }
++  else {
++    for ( unsigned int i=0; i<stream_.nUserChannels[1]; i++ ) {
++      snprintf( label, 64, "inport %d", i );
++      handle->ports[1][i] = jack_port_register( handle->client, (const char *)label,
++                                                JACK_DEFAULT_AUDIO_TYPE, JackPortIsInput, 0 );
++    }
++  }
++
++  // Setup the buffer conversion information structure.  We don't use
++  // buffers to do channel offsets, so we override that parameter
++  // here.
++  if ( stream_.doConvertBuffer[mode] ) setConvertInfo( mode, 0 );
++
++  if ( options && options->flags & RTAUDIO_JACK_DONT_CONNECT ) shouldAutoconnect_ = false;
++
++  return SUCCESS;
++
++ error:
++  if ( handle ) {
++    pthread_cond_destroy( &handle->condition );
++    jack_client_close( handle->client );
++
++    if ( handle->ports[0] ) free( handle->ports[0] );
++    if ( handle->ports[1] ) free( handle->ports[1] );
++
++    delete handle;
++    stream_.apiHandle = 0;
++  }
++
++  for ( int i=0; i<2; i++ ) {
++    if ( stream_.userBuffer[i] ) {
++      free( stream_.userBuffer[i] );
++      stream_.userBuffer[i] = 0;
++    }
++  }
++
++  if ( stream_.deviceBuffer ) {
++    free( stream_.deviceBuffer );
++    stream_.deviceBuffer = 0;
++  }
++
++  return FAILURE;
 +}
 +
-+// Setup the device property listener for over/underload.
-+property.mSelector = kAudioDeviceProcessorOverload;
-+property.mScope = kAudioObjectPropertyScopeGlobal;
-+result = AudioObjectAddPropertyListener( id, &property, xrunListener, (void *) handle );
++void RtApiJack :: closeStream( void )
++{
++  if ( stream_.state == STREAM_CLOSED ) {
++    errorText_ = "RtApiJack::closeStream(): no open stream to close!";
++    error( RtAudioError::WARNING );
++    return;
++  }
 +
-+return SUCCESS;
++  JackHandle *handle = (JackHandle *) stream_.apiHandle;
++  if ( handle ) {
 +
-+error:
-+if ( handle ) {
-+pthread_cond_destroy( &handle->condition );
-+delete handle;
-+stream_.apiHandle = 0;
-+}
++    if ( stream_.state == STREAM_RUNNING )
++      jack_deactivate( handle->client );
 +
-+for ( int i=0; i<2; i++ ) {
-+if ( stream_.userBuffer[i] ) {
-+free( stream_.userBuffer[i] );
-+stream_.userBuffer[i] = 0;
-+}
-+}
++    jack_client_close( handle->client );
++  }
 +
-+if ( stream_.deviceBuffer ) {
-+free( stream_.deviceBuffer );
-+stream_.deviceBuffer = 0;
-+}
++  if ( handle ) {
++    if ( handle->ports[0] ) free( handle->ports[0] );
++    if ( handle->ports[1] ) free( handle->ports[1] );
++    pthread_cond_destroy( &handle->condition );
++    delete handle;
++    stream_.apiHandle = 0;
++  }
 +
-+stream_.state = STREAM_CLOSED;
-+return FAILURE;
-+}
++  for ( int i=0; i<2; i++ ) {
++    if ( stream_.userBuffer[i] ) {
++      free( stream_.userBuffer[i] );
++      stream_.userBuffer[i] = 0;
++    }
++  }
 +
-+void RtApiCore :: closeStream( void )
-+{
-+if ( stream_.state == STREAM_CLOSED ) {
-+errorText_ = "RtApiCore::closeStream(): no open stream to close!";
-+error( RtAudioError::WARNING );
-+return;
-+}
++  if ( stream_.deviceBuffer ) {
++    free( stream_.deviceBuffer );
++    stream_.deviceBuffer = 0;
++  }
 +
-+CoreHandle *handle = (CoreHandle *) stream_.apiHandle;
-+if ( stream_.mode == OUTPUT || stream_.mode == DUPLEX ) {
-+if (handle) {
-+AudioObjectPropertyAddress property = { kAudioHardwarePropertyDevices,
-+kAudioObjectPropertyScopeGlobal,
-+kAudioObjectPropertyElementMaster };
-+
-+property.mSelector = kAudioDeviceProcessorOverload;
-+property.mScope = kAudioObjectPropertyScopeGlobal;
-+if (AudioObjectRemovePropertyListener( handle->id[0], &property, xrunListener, (void *) handle ) != noErr) {
-+errorText_ = "RtApiCore::closeStream(): error removing property listener!";
-+error( RtAudioError::WARNING );
-+}
-+}
-+if ( stream_.state == STREAM_RUNNING )
-+AudioDeviceStop( handle->id[0], callbackHandler );
-+#if defined( MAC_OS_X_VERSION_10_5 ) && ( MAC_OS_X_VERSION_MIN_REQUIRED >= MAC_OS_X_VERSION_10_5 )
-+AudioDeviceDestroyIOProcID( handle->id[0], handle->procId[0] );
-+#else
-+// deprecated in favor of AudioDeviceDestroyIOProcID()
-+AudioDeviceRemoveIOProc( handle->id[0], callbackHandler );
-+#endif
++  stream_.mode = UNINITIALIZED;
++  stream_.state = STREAM_CLOSED;
 +}
 +
-+if ( stream_.mode == INPUT || ( stream_.mode == DUPLEX && stream_.device[0] != stream_.device[1] ) ) {
-+if (handle) {
-+AudioObjectPropertyAddress property = { kAudioHardwarePropertyDevices,
-+kAudioObjectPropertyScopeGlobal,
-+kAudioObjectPropertyElementMaster };
-+
-+property.mSelector = kAudioDeviceProcessorOverload;
-+property.mScope = kAudioObjectPropertyScopeGlobal;
-+if (AudioObjectRemovePropertyListener( handle->id[1], &property, xrunListener, (void *) handle ) != noErr) {
-+errorText_ = "RtApiCore::closeStream(): error removing property listener!";
-+error( RtAudioError::WARNING );
-+}
-+}
-+if ( stream_.state == STREAM_RUNNING )
-+AudioDeviceStop( handle->id[1], callbackHandler );
-+#if defined( MAC_OS_X_VERSION_10_5 ) && ( MAC_OS_X_VERSION_MIN_REQUIRED >= MAC_OS_X_VERSION_10_5 )
-+AudioDeviceDestroyIOProcID( handle->id[1], handle->procId[1] );
-+#else
-+// deprecated in favor of AudioDeviceDestroyIOProcID()
-+AudioDeviceRemoveIOProc( handle->id[1], callbackHandler );
-+#endif
++void RtApiJack :: startStream( void )
++{
++  verifyStream();
++  if ( stream_.state == STREAM_RUNNING ) {
++    errorText_ = "RtApiJack::startStream(): the stream is already running!";
++    error( RtAudioError::WARNING );
++    return;
++  }
++
++  JackHandle *handle = (JackHandle *) stream_.apiHandle;
++  int result = jack_activate( handle->client );
++  if ( result ) {
++    errorText_ = "RtApiJack::startStream(): unable to activate JACK client!";
++    goto unlock;
++  }
++
++  const char **ports;
++
++  // Get the list of available ports.
++  if ( shouldAutoconnect_ && (stream_.mode == OUTPUT || stream_.mode == DUPLEX) ) {
++    result = 1;
++    ports = jack_get_ports( handle->client, handle->deviceName[0].c_str(), NULL, JackPortIsInput);
++    if ( ports == NULL) {
++      errorText_ = "RtApiJack::startStream(): error determining available JACK input ports!";
++      goto unlock;
++    }
++
++    // Now make the port connections.  Since RtAudio wasn't designed to
++    // allow the user to select particular channels of a device, we'll
++    // just open the first "nChannels" ports with offset.
++    for ( unsigned int i=0; i<stream_.nUserChannels[0]; i++ ) {
++      result = 1;
++      if ( ports[ stream_.channelOffset[0] + i ] )
++        result = jack_connect( handle->client, jack_port_name( handle->ports[0][i] ), ports[ stream_.channelOffset[0] + i ] );
++      if ( result ) {
++        free( ports );
++        errorText_ = "RtApiJack::startStream(): error connecting output ports!";
++        goto unlock;
++      }
++    }
++    free(ports);
++  }
++
++  if ( shouldAutoconnect_ && (stream_.mode == INPUT || stream_.mode == DUPLEX) ) {
++    result = 1;
++    ports = jack_get_ports( handle->client, handle->deviceName[1].c_str(), NULL, JackPortIsOutput );
++    if ( ports == NULL) {
++      errorText_ = "RtApiJack::startStream(): error determining available JACK output ports!";
++      goto unlock;
++    }
++
++    // Now make the port connections.  See note above.
++    for ( unsigned int i=0; i<stream_.nUserChannels[1]; i++ ) {
++      result = 1;
++      if ( ports[ stream_.channelOffset[1] + i ] )
++        result = jack_connect( handle->client, ports[ stream_.channelOffset[1] + i ], jack_port_name( handle->ports[1][i] ) );
++      if ( result ) {
++        free( ports );
++        errorText_ = "RtApiJack::startStream(): error connecting input ports!";
++        goto unlock;
++      }
++    }
++    free(ports);
++  }
++
++  handle->drainCounter = 0;
++  handle->internalDrain = false;
++  stream_.state = STREAM_RUNNING;
++
++ unlock:
++  if ( result == 0 ) return;
++  error( RtAudioError::SYSTEM_ERROR );
 +}
 +
-+for ( int i=0; i<2; i++ ) {
-+if ( stream_.userBuffer[i] ) {
-+free( stream_.userBuffer[i] );
-+stream_.userBuffer[i] = 0;
-+}
-+}
++void RtApiJack :: stopStream( void )
++{
++  verifyStream();
++  if ( stream_.state == STREAM_STOPPED ) {
++    errorText_ = "RtApiJack::stopStream(): the stream is already stopped!";
++    error( RtAudioError::WARNING );
++    return;
++  }
 +
-+if ( stream_.deviceBuffer ) {
-+free( stream_.deviceBuffer );
-+stream_.deviceBuffer = 0;
-+}
++  JackHandle *handle = (JackHandle *) stream_.apiHandle;
++  if ( stream_.mode == OUTPUT || stream_.mode == DUPLEX ) {
 +
-+// Destroy pthread condition variable.
-+pthread_cond_destroy( &handle->condition );
-+delete handle;
-+stream_.apiHandle = 0;
++    if ( handle->drainCounter == 0 ) {
++      handle->drainCounter = 2;
++      pthread_cond_wait( &handle->condition, &stream_.mutex ); // block until signaled
++    }
++  }
 +
-+stream_.mode = UNINITIALIZED;
-+stream_.state = STREAM_CLOSED;
++  jack_deactivate( handle->client );
++  stream_.state = STREAM_STOPPED;
 +}
 +
-+void RtApiCore :: startStream( void )
++void RtApiJack :: abortStream( void )
 +{
-+verifyStream();
-+if ( stream_.state == STREAM_RUNNING ) {
-+errorText_ = "RtApiCore::startStream(): the stream is already running!";
-+error( RtAudioError::WARNING );
-+return;
-+}
++  verifyStream();
++  if ( stream_.state == STREAM_STOPPED ) {
++    errorText_ = "RtApiJack::abortStream(): the stream is already stopped!";
++    error( RtAudioError::WARNING );
++    return;
++  }
 +
-+OSStatus result = noErr;
-+CoreHandle *handle = (CoreHandle *) stream_.apiHandle;
-+if ( stream_.mode == OUTPUT || stream_.mode == DUPLEX ) {
++  JackHandle *handle = (JackHandle *) stream_.apiHandle;
++  handle->drainCounter = 2;
 +
-+result = AudioDeviceStart( handle->id[0], callbackHandler );
-+if ( result != noErr ) {
-+errorStream_ << "RtApiCore::startStream: system error (" << getErrorCode( result ) << ") starting callback procedure on device (" << stream_.device[0] << ").";
-+errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
-+goto unlock;
++  stopStream();
 +}
-+}
-+
-+if ( stream_.mode == INPUT ||
-+( stream_.mode == DUPLEX && stream_.device[0] != stream_.device[1] ) ) {
 +
-+result = AudioDeviceStart( handle->id[1], callbackHandler );
-+if ( result != noErr ) {
-+errorStream_ << "RtApiCore::startStream: system error starting input callback procedure on device (" << stream_.device[1] << ").";
-+errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
-+goto unlock;
-+}
-+}
-+
-+handle->drainCounter = 0;
-+handle->internalDrain = false;
-+stream_.state = STREAM_RUNNING;
++// This function will be called by a spawned thread when the user
++// callback function signals that the stream should be stopped or
++// aborted.  It is necessary to handle it this way because the
++// callbackEvent() function must return before the jack_deactivate()
++// function will return.
++static void *jackStopStream( void *ptr )
++{
++  CallbackInfo *info = (CallbackInfo *) ptr;
++  RtApiJack *object = (RtApiJack *) info->object;
 +
-+unlock:
-+if ( result == noErr ) return;
-+error( RtAudioError::SYSTEM_ERROR );
++  object->stopStream();
++  pthread_exit( NULL );
 +}
 +
-+void RtApiCore :: stopStream( void )
++bool RtApiJack :: callbackEvent( unsigned long nframes )
 +{
-+verifyStream();
-+if ( stream_.state == STREAM_STOPPED ) {
-+errorText_ = "RtApiCore::stopStream(): the stream is already stopped!";
-+error( RtAudioError::WARNING );
-+return;
++  if ( stream_.state == STREAM_STOPPED || stream_.state == STREAM_STOPPING ) return SUCCESS;
++  if ( stream_.state == STREAM_CLOSED ) {
++    errorText_ = "RtApiCore::callbackEvent(): the stream is closed ... this shouldn't happen!";
++    error( RtAudioError::WARNING );
++    return FAILURE;
++  }
++  if ( stream_.bufferSize != nframes ) {
++    errorText_ = "RtApiCore::callbackEvent(): the JACK buffer size has changed ... cannot process!";
++    error( RtAudioError::WARNING );
++    return FAILURE;
++  }
++
++  CallbackInfo *info = (CallbackInfo *) &stream_.callbackInfo;
++  JackHandle *handle = (JackHandle *) stream_.apiHandle;
++
++  // Check if we were draining the stream and signal is finished.
++  if ( handle->drainCounter > 3 ) {
++    ThreadHandle threadId;
++
++    stream_.state = STREAM_STOPPING;
++    if ( handle->internalDrain == true )
++      pthread_create( &threadId, NULL, jackStopStream, info );
++    else
++      pthread_cond_signal( &handle->condition );
++    return SUCCESS;
++  }
++
++  // Invoke user callback first, to get fresh output data.
++  if ( handle->drainCounter == 0 ) {
++    RtAudioCallback callback = (RtAudioCallback) info->callback;
++    double streamTime = getStreamTime();
++    RtAudioStreamStatus status = 0;
++    if ( stream_.mode != INPUT && handle->xrun[0] == true ) {
++      status |= RTAUDIO_OUTPUT_UNDERFLOW;
++      handle->xrun[0] = false;
++    }
++    if ( stream_.mode != OUTPUT && handle->xrun[1] == true ) {
++      status |= RTAUDIO_INPUT_OVERFLOW;
++      handle->xrun[1] = false;
++    }
++    int cbReturnValue = callback( stream_.userBuffer[0], stream_.userBuffer[1],
++                                  stream_.bufferSize, streamTime, status, info->userData );
++    if ( cbReturnValue == 2 ) {
++      stream_.state = STREAM_STOPPING;
++      handle->drainCounter = 2;
++      ThreadHandle id;
++      pthread_create( &id, NULL, jackStopStream, info );
++      return SUCCESS;
++    }
++    else if ( cbReturnValue == 1 ) {
++      handle->drainCounter = 1;
++      handle->internalDrain = true;
++    }
++  }
++
++  jack_default_audio_sample_t *jackbuffer;
++  unsigned long bufferBytes = nframes * sizeof( jack_default_audio_sample_t );
++  if ( stream_.mode == OUTPUT || stream_.mode == DUPLEX ) {
++
++    if ( handle->drainCounter > 1 ) { // write zeros to the output stream
++
++      for ( unsigned int i=0; i<stream_.nDeviceChannels[0]; i++ ) {
++        jackbuffer = (jack_default_audio_sample_t *) jack_port_get_buffer( handle->ports[0][i], (jack_nframes_t) nframes );
++        memset( jackbuffer, 0, bufferBytes );
++      }
++
++    }
++    else if ( stream_.doConvertBuffer[0] ) {
++
++      convertBuffer( stream_.deviceBuffer, stream_.userBuffer[0], stream_.convertInfo[0] );
++
++      for ( unsigned int i=0; i<stream_.nDeviceChannels[0]; i++ ) {
++        jackbuffer = (jack_default_audio_sample_t *) jack_port_get_buffer( handle->ports[0][i], (jack_nframes_t) nframes );
++        memcpy( jackbuffer, &stream_.deviceBuffer[i*bufferBytes], bufferBytes );
++      }
++    }
++    else { // no buffer conversion
++      for ( unsigned int i=0; i<stream_.nUserChannels[0]; i++ ) {
++        jackbuffer = (jack_default_audio_sample_t *) jack_port_get_buffer( handle->ports[0][i], (jack_nframes_t) nframes );
++        memcpy( jackbuffer, &stream_.userBuffer[0][i*bufferBytes], bufferBytes );
++      }
++    }
++  }
++
++  // Don't bother draining input
++  if ( handle->drainCounter ) {
++    handle->drainCounter++;
++    goto unlock;
++  }
++
++  if ( stream_.mode == INPUT || stream_.mode == DUPLEX ) {
++
++    if ( stream_.doConvertBuffer[1] ) {
++      for ( unsigned int i=0; i<stream_.nDeviceChannels[1]; i++ ) {
++        jackbuffer = (jack_default_audio_sample_t *) jack_port_get_buffer( handle->ports[1][i], (jack_nframes_t) nframes );
++        memcpy( &stream_.deviceBuffer[i*bufferBytes], jackbuffer, bufferBytes );
++      }
++      convertBuffer( stream_.userBuffer[1], stream_.deviceBuffer, stream_.convertInfo[1] );
++    }
++    else { // no buffer conversion
++      for ( unsigned int i=0; i<stream_.nUserChannels[1]; i++ ) {
++        jackbuffer = (jack_default_audio_sample_t *) jack_port_get_buffer( handle->ports[1][i], (jack_nframes_t) nframes );
++        memcpy( &stream_.userBuffer[1][i*bufferBytes], jackbuffer, bufferBytes );
++      }
++    }
++  }
++
++ unlock:
++  RtApi::tickStreamTime();
++  return SUCCESS;
 +}
 +
-+OSStatus result = noErr;
-+CoreHandle *handle = (CoreHandle *) stream_.apiHandle;
-+if ( stream_.mode == OUTPUT || stream_.mode == DUPLEX ) {
-+
-+if ( handle->drainCounter == 0 ) {
-+handle->drainCounter = 2;
-+pthread_cond_wait( &handle->condition, &stream_.mutex ); // block until signaled
++/* --- Monocasual hack ------------------------------------------------------ */
++void *RtApi :: __HACK__getJackClient() {
++  JackHandle *handle = (JackHandle *) stream_.apiHandle;
++  return (void*) handle->client;
 +}
 +
-+result = AudioDeviceStop( handle->id[0], callbackHandler );
-+if ( result != noErr ) {
-+errorStream_ << "RtApiCore::stopStream: system error (" << getErrorCode( result ) << ") stopping callback procedure on device (" << stream_.device[0] << ").";
-+errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
-+goto unlock;
-+}
-+}
++  //******************** End of __UNIX_JACK__ *********************//
++#endif
 +
-+if ( stream_.mode == INPUT || ( stream_.mode == DUPLEX && stream_.device[0] != stream_.device[1] ) ) {
++#if defined(__WINDOWS_ASIO__) // ASIO API on Windows
 +
-+result = AudioDeviceStop( handle->id[1], callbackHandler );
-+if ( result != noErr ) {
-+errorStream_ << "RtApiCore::stopStream: system error (" << getErrorCode( result ) << ") stopping input callback procedure on device (" << stream_.device[1] << ").";
-+errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
-+goto unlock;
-+}
-+}
++// The ASIO API is designed around a callback scheme, so this
++// implementation is similar to that used for OS-X CoreAudio and Linux
++// Jack.  The primary constraint with ASIO is that it only allows
++// access to a single driver at a time.  Thus, it is not possible to
++// have more than one simultaneous RtAudio stream.
++//
++// This implementation also requires a number of external ASIO files
++// and a few global variables.  The ASIO callback scheme does not
++// allow for the passing of user data, so we must create a global
++// pointer to our callbackInfo structure.
++//
++// On unix systems, we make use of a pthread condition variable.
++// Since there is no equivalent in Windows, I hacked something based
++// on information found in
++// http://www.cs.wustl.edu/~schmidt/win32-cv-1.html.
 +
-+stream_.state = STREAM_STOPPED;
++#include "asiosys.h"
++#include "asio.h"
++#include "iasiothiscallresolver.h"
++#include "asiodrivers.h"
++#include <cmath>
 +
-+unlock:
-+if ( result == noErr ) return;
-+error( RtAudioError::SYSTEM_ERROR );
-+}
++static AsioDrivers drivers;
++static ASIOCallbacks asioCallbacks;
++static ASIODriverInfo driverInfo;
++static CallbackInfo *asioCallbackInfo;
++static bool asioXRun;
 +
-+void RtApiCore :: abortStream( void )
-+{
-+verifyStream();
-+if ( stream_.state == STREAM_STOPPED ) {
-+errorText_ = "RtApiCore::abortStream(): the stream is already stopped!";
-+error( RtAudioError::WARNING );
-+return;
-+}
++struct AsioHandle {
++  int drainCounter;       // Tracks callback counts when draining
++  bool internalDrain;     // Indicates if stop is initiated from callback or not.
++  ASIOBufferInfo *bufferInfos;
++  HANDLE condition;
 +
-+CoreHandle *handle = (CoreHandle *) stream_.apiHandle;
-+handle->drainCounter = 2;
++  AsioHandle()
++    :drainCounter(0), internalDrain(false), bufferInfos(0) {}
++};
 +
-+stopStream();
-+}
++// Function declarations (definitions at end of section)
++static const char* getAsioErrorString( ASIOError result );
++static void sampleRateChanged( ASIOSampleRate sRate );
++static long asioMessages( long selector, long value, void* message, double* opt );
 +
-+// This function will be called by a spawned thread when the user
-+// callback function signals that the stream should be stopped or
-+// aborted.  It is better to handle it this way because the
-+// callbackEvent() function probably should return before the AudioDeviceStop()
-+// function is called.
-+static void *coreStopStream( void *ptr )
++RtApiAsio :: RtApiAsio()
 +{
-+CallbackInfo *info = (CallbackInfo *) ptr;
-+RtApiCore *object = (RtApiCore *) info->object;
++  // ASIO cannot run on a multi-threaded appartment. You can call
++  // CoInitialize beforehand, but it must be for appartment threading
++  // (in which case, CoInitilialize will return S_FALSE here).
++  coInitialized_ = false;
++  HRESULT hr = CoInitialize( NULL ); 
++  if ( FAILED(hr) ) {
++    errorText_ = "RtApiAsio::ASIO requires a single-threaded appartment. Call CoInitializeEx(0,COINIT_APARTMENTTHREADED)";
++    error( RtAudioError::WARNING );
++  }
++  coInitialized_ = true;
 +
-+object->stopStream();
-+pthread_exit( NULL );
++  drivers.removeCurrentDriver();
++  driverInfo.asioVersion = 2;
++
++  // See note in DirectSound implementation about GetDesktopWindow().
++  driverInfo.sysRef = GetForegroundWindow();
 +}
 +
-+bool RtApiCore :: callbackEvent( AudioDeviceID deviceId,
-+const AudioBufferList *inBufferList,
-+const AudioBufferList *outBufferList )
++RtApiAsio :: ~RtApiAsio()
 +{
-+if ( stream_.state == STREAM_STOPPED || stream_.state == STREAM_STOPPING ) return SUCCESS;
-+if ( stream_.state == STREAM_CLOSED ) {
-+errorText_ = "RtApiCore::callbackEvent(): the stream is closed ... this shouldn't happen!";
-+error( RtAudioError::WARNING );
-+return FAILURE;
++  if ( stream_.state != STREAM_CLOSED ) closeStream();
++  if ( coInitialized_ ) CoUninitialize();
 +}
 +
-+CallbackInfo *info = (CallbackInfo *) &stream_.callbackInfo;
-+CoreHandle *handle = (CoreHandle *) stream_.apiHandle;
-+
-+// Check if we were draining the stream and signal is finished.
-+if ( handle->drainCounter > 3 ) {
-+ThreadHandle threadId;
-+
-+stream_.state = STREAM_STOPPING;
-+if ( handle->internalDrain == true )
-+pthread_create( &threadId, NULL, coreStopStream, info );
-+else // external call to stopStream()
-+pthread_cond_signal( &handle->condition );
-+return SUCCESS;
++unsigned int RtApiAsio :: getDeviceCount( void )
++{
++  return (unsigned int) drivers.asioGetNumDev();
 +}
 +
-+AudioDeviceID outputDevice = handle->id[0];
-+
-+// Invoke user callback to get fresh output data UNLESS we are
-+// draining stream or duplex mode AND the input/output devices are
-+// different AND this function is called for the input device.
-+if ( handle->drainCounter == 0 && ( stream_.mode != DUPLEX || deviceId == outputDevice ) ) {
-+RtAudioCallback callback = (RtAudioCallback) info->callback;
-+double streamTime = getStreamTime();
-+RtAudioStreamStatus status = 0;
-+if ( stream_.mode != INPUT && handle->xrun[0] == true ) {
-+status |= RTAUDIO_OUTPUT_UNDERFLOW;
-+handle->xrun[0] = false;
-+}
-+if ( stream_.mode != OUTPUT && handle->xrun[1] == true ) {
-+status |= RTAUDIO_INPUT_OVERFLOW;
-+handle->xrun[1] = false;
++RtAudio::DeviceInfo RtApiAsio :: getDeviceInfo( unsigned int device )
++{
++  RtAudio::DeviceInfo info;
++  info.probed = false;
++
++  // Get device ID
++  unsigned int nDevices = getDeviceCount();
++  if ( nDevices == 0 ) {
++    errorText_ = "RtApiAsio::getDeviceInfo: no devices found!";
++    error( RtAudioError::INVALID_USE );
++    return info;
++  }
++
++  if ( device >= nDevices ) {
++    errorText_ = "RtApiAsio::getDeviceInfo: device ID is invalid!";
++    error( RtAudioError::INVALID_USE );
++    return info;
++  }
++
++  // If a stream is already open, we cannot probe other devices.  Thus, use the saved results.
++  if ( stream_.state != STREAM_CLOSED ) {
++    if ( device >= devices_.size() ) {
++      errorText_ = "RtApiAsio::getDeviceInfo: device ID was not present before stream was opened.";
++      error( RtAudioError::WARNING );
++      return info;
++    }
++    return devices_[ device ];
++  }
++
++  char driverName[32];
++  ASIOError result = drivers.asioGetDriverName( (int) device, driverName, 32 );
++  if ( result != ASE_OK ) {
++    errorStream_ << "RtApiAsio::getDeviceInfo: unable to get driver name (" << getAsioErrorString( result ) << ").";
++    errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
++    error( RtAudioError::WARNING );
++    return info;
++  }
++
++  info.name = driverName;
++
++  if ( !drivers.loadDriver( driverName ) ) {
++    errorStream_ << "RtApiAsio::getDeviceInfo: unable to load driver (" << driverName << ").";
++    errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
++    error( RtAudioError::WARNING );
++    return info;
++  }
++
++  result = ASIOInit( &driverInfo );
++  if ( result != ASE_OK ) {
++    errorStream_ << "RtApiAsio::getDeviceInfo: error (" << getAsioErrorString( result ) << ") initializing driver (" << driverName << ").";
++    errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
++    error( RtAudioError::WARNING );
++    return info;
++  }
++
++  // Determine the device channel information.
++  long inputChannels, outputChannels;
++  result = ASIOGetChannels( &inputChannels, &outputChannels );
++  if ( result != ASE_OK ) {
++    drivers.removeCurrentDriver();
++    errorStream_ << "RtApiAsio::getDeviceInfo: error (" << getAsioErrorString( result ) << ") getting channel count (" << driverName << ").";
++    errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
++    error( RtAudioError::WARNING );
++    return info;
++  }
++
++  info.outputChannels = outputChannels;
++  info.inputChannels = inputChannels;
++  if ( info.outputChannels > 0 && info.inputChannels > 0 )
++    info.duplexChannels = (info.outputChannels > info.inputChannels) ? info.inputChannels : info.outputChannels;
++
++  // Determine the supported sample rates.
++  info.sampleRates.clear();
++  for ( unsigned int i=0; i<MAX_SAMPLE_RATES; i++ ) {
++    result = ASIOCanSampleRate( (ASIOSampleRate) SAMPLE_RATES[i] );
++    if ( result == ASE_OK ) {
++      info.sampleRates.push_back( SAMPLE_RATES[i] );
++
++      if ( !info.preferredSampleRate || ( SAMPLE_RATES[i] <= 48000 && SAMPLE_RATES[i] > info.preferredSampleRate ) )
++        info.preferredSampleRate = SAMPLE_RATES[i];
++    }
++  }
++
++  // Determine supported data types ... just check first channel and assume rest are the same.
++  ASIOChannelInfo channelInfo;
++  channelInfo.channel = 0;
++  channelInfo.isInput = true;
++  if ( info.inputChannels <= 0 ) channelInfo.isInput = false;
++  result = ASIOGetChannelInfo( &channelInfo );
++  if ( result != ASE_OK ) {
++    drivers.removeCurrentDriver();
++    errorStream_ << "RtApiAsio::getDeviceInfo: error (" << getAsioErrorString( result ) << ") getting driver channel info (" << driverName << ").";
++    errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
++    error( RtAudioError::WARNING );
++    return info;
++  }
++
++  info.nativeFormats = 0;
++  if ( channelInfo.type == ASIOSTInt16MSB || channelInfo.type == ASIOSTInt16LSB )
++    info.nativeFormats |= RTAUDIO_SINT16;
++  else if ( channelInfo.type == ASIOSTInt32MSB || channelInfo.type == ASIOSTInt32LSB )
++    info.nativeFormats |= RTAUDIO_SINT32;
++  else if ( channelInfo.type == ASIOSTFloat32MSB || channelInfo.type == ASIOSTFloat32LSB )
++    info.nativeFormats |= RTAUDIO_FLOAT32;
++  else if ( channelInfo.type == ASIOSTFloat64MSB || channelInfo.type == ASIOSTFloat64LSB )
++    info.nativeFormats |= RTAUDIO_FLOAT64;
++  else if ( channelInfo.type == ASIOSTInt24MSB || channelInfo.type == ASIOSTInt24LSB )
++    info.nativeFormats |= RTAUDIO_SINT24;
++
++  if ( info.outputChannels > 0 )
++    if ( getDefaultOutputDevice() == device ) info.isDefaultOutput = true;
++  if ( info.inputChannels > 0 )
++    if ( getDefaultInputDevice() == device ) info.isDefaultInput = true;
++
++  info.probed = true;
++  drivers.removeCurrentDriver();
++  return info;
 +}
 +
-+int cbReturnValue = callback( stream_.userBuffer[0], stream_.userBuffer[1],
-+stream_.bufferSize, streamTime, status, info->userData );
-+if ( cbReturnValue == 2 ) {
-+stream_.state = STREAM_STOPPING;
-+handle->drainCounter = 2;
-+abortStream();
-+return SUCCESS;
-+}
-+else if ( cbReturnValue == 1 ) {
-+handle->drainCounter = 1;
-+handle->internalDrain = true;
-+}
++static void bufferSwitch( long index, ASIOBool /*processNow*/ )
++{
++  RtApiAsio *object = (RtApiAsio *) asioCallbackInfo->object;
++  object->callbackEvent( index );
 +}
 +
-+if ( stream_.mode == OUTPUT || ( stream_.mode == DUPLEX && deviceId == outputDevice ) ) {
-+
-+if ( handle->drainCounter > 1 ) { // write zeros to the output stream
++void RtApiAsio :: saveDeviceInfo( void )
++{
++  devices_.clear();
 +
-+if ( handle->nStreams[0] == 1 ) {
-+memset( outBufferList->mBuffers[handle->iStream[0]].mData,
-+0,
-+outBufferList->mBuffers[handle->iStream[0]].mDataByteSize );
-+}
-+else { // fill multiple streams with zeros
-+for ( unsigned int i=0; i<handle->nStreams[0]; i++ ) {
-+memset( outBufferList->mBuffers[handle->iStream[0]+i].mData,
-+0,
-+outBufferList->mBuffers[handle->iStream[0]+i].mDataByteSize );
-+}
-+}
-+}
-+else if ( handle->nStreams[0] == 1 ) {
-+if ( stream_.doConvertBuffer[0] ) { // convert directly to CoreAudio stream buffer
-+convertBuffer( (char *) outBufferList->mBuffers[handle->iStream[0]].mData,
-+stream_.userBuffer[0], stream_.convertInfo[0] );
-+}
-+else { // copy from user buffer
-+memcpy( outBufferList->mBuffers[handle->iStream[0]].mData,
-+stream_.userBuffer[0],
-+outBufferList->mBuffers[handle->iStream[0]].mDataByteSize );
-+}
-+}
-+else { // fill multiple streams
-+Float32 *inBuffer = (Float32 *) stream_.userBuffer[0];
-+if ( stream_.doConvertBuffer[0] ) {
-+convertBuffer( stream_.deviceBuffer, stream_.userBuffer[0], stream_.convertInfo[0] );
-+inBuffer = (Float32 *) stream_.deviceBuffer;
++  unsigned int nDevices = getDeviceCount();
++  devices_.resize( nDevices );
++  for ( unsigned int i=0; i<nDevices; i++ )
++    devices_[i] = getDeviceInfo( i );
 +}
 +
-+if ( stream_.deviceInterleaved[0] == false ) { // mono mode
-+UInt32 bufferBytes = outBufferList->mBuffers[handle->iStream[0]].mDataByteSize;
-+for ( unsigned int i=0; i<stream_.nUserChannels[0]; i++ ) {
-+memcpy( outBufferList->mBuffers[handle->iStream[0]+i].mData,
-+(void *)&inBuffer[i*stream_.bufferSize], bufferBytes );
-+}
-+}
-+else { // fill multiple multi-channel streams with interleaved data
-+UInt32 streamChannels, channelsLeft, inJump, outJump, inOffset;
-+Float32 *out, *in;
-+
-+bool inInterleaved = ( stream_.userInterleaved ) ? true : false;
-+UInt32 inChannels = stream_.nUserChannels[0];
-+if ( stream_.doConvertBuffer[0] ) {
-+inInterleaved = true; // device buffer will always be interleaved for nStreams > 1 and not mono mode
-+inChannels = stream_.nDeviceChannels[0];
-+}
++bool RtApiAsio :: probeDeviceOpen( unsigned int device, StreamMode mode, unsigned int channels,
++                                   unsigned int firstChannel, unsigned int sampleRate,
++                                   RtAudioFormat format, unsigned int *bufferSize,
++                                   RtAudio::StreamOptions *options )
++{////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 +
-+if ( inInterleaved ) inOffset = 1;
-+else inOffset = stream_.bufferSize;
-+
-+channelsLeft = inChannels;
-+for ( unsigned int i=0; i<handle->nStreams[0]; i++ ) {
-+in = inBuffer;
-+out = (Float32 *) outBufferList->mBuffers[handle->iStream[0]+i].mData;
-+streamChannels = outBufferList->mBuffers[handle->iStream[0]+i].mNumberChannels;
-+
-+outJump = 0;
-+// Account for possible channel offset in first stream
-+if ( i == 0 && stream_.channelOffset[0] > 0 ) {
-+streamChannels -= stream_.channelOffset[0];
-+outJump = stream_.channelOffset[0];
-+out += outJump;
-+}
++  bool isDuplexInput =  mode == INPUT && stream_.mode == OUTPUT;
++
++  // For ASIO, a duplex stream MUST use the same driver.
++  if ( isDuplexInput && stream_.device[0] != device ) {
++    errorText_ = "RtApiAsio::probeDeviceOpen: an ASIO duplex stream must use the same device for input and output!";
++    return FAILURE;
++  }
++
++  char driverName[32];
++  ASIOError result = drivers.asioGetDriverName( (int) device, driverName, 32 );
++  if ( result != ASE_OK ) {
++    errorStream_ << "RtApiAsio::probeDeviceOpen: unable to get driver name (" << getAsioErrorString( result ) << ").";
++    errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
++    return FAILURE;
++  }
++
++  // Only load the driver once for duplex stream.
++  if ( !isDuplexInput ) {
++    // The getDeviceInfo() function will not work when a stream is open
++    // because ASIO does not allow multiple devices to run at the same
++    // time.  Thus, we'll probe the system before opening a stream and
++    // save the results for use by getDeviceInfo().
++    this->saveDeviceInfo();
++
++    if ( !drivers.loadDriver( driverName ) ) {
++      errorStream_ << "RtApiAsio::probeDeviceOpen: unable to load driver (" << driverName << ").";
++      errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
++      return FAILURE;
++    }
++
++    result = ASIOInit( &driverInfo );
++    if ( result != ASE_OK ) {
++      errorStream_ << "RtApiAsio::probeDeviceOpen: error (" << getAsioErrorString( result ) << ") initializing driver (" << driverName << ").";
++      errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
++      return FAILURE;
++    }
++  }
++
++  // keep them before any "goto error", they are used for error cleanup + goto device boundary checks
++  bool buffersAllocated = false;
++  AsioHandle *handle = (AsioHandle *) stream_.apiHandle;
++  unsigned int nChannels;
++
++
++  // Check the device channel count.
++  long inputChannels, outputChannels;
++  result = ASIOGetChannels( &inputChannels, &outputChannels );
++  if ( result != ASE_OK ) {
++    errorStream_ << "RtApiAsio::probeDeviceOpen: error (" << getAsioErrorString( result ) << ") getting channel count (" << driverName << ").";
++    errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
++    goto error;
++  }
++
++  if ( ( mode == OUTPUT && (channels+firstChannel) > (unsigned int) outputChannels) ||
++       ( mode == INPUT && (channels+firstChannel) > (unsigned int) inputChannels) ) {
++    errorStream_ << "RtApiAsio::probeDeviceOpen: driver (" << driverName << ") does not support requested channel count (" << channels << ") + offset (" << firstChannel << ").";
++    errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
++    goto error;
++  }
++  stream_.nDeviceChannels[mode] = channels;
++  stream_.nUserChannels[mode] = channels;
++  stream_.channelOffset[mode] = firstChannel;
++
++  // Verify the sample rate is supported.
++  result = ASIOCanSampleRate( (ASIOSampleRate) sampleRate );
++  if ( result != ASE_OK ) {
++    errorStream_ << "RtApiAsio::probeDeviceOpen: driver (" << driverName << ") does not support requested sample rate (" << sampleRate << ").";
++    errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
++    goto error;
++  }
++
++  // Get the current sample rate
++  ASIOSampleRate currentRate;
++  result = ASIOGetSampleRate( &currentRate );
++  if ( result != ASE_OK ) {
++    errorStream_ << "RtApiAsio::probeDeviceOpen: driver (" << driverName << ") error getting sample rate.";
++    errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
++    goto error;
++  }
++
++  // Set the sample rate only if necessary
++  if ( currentRate != sampleRate ) {
++    result = ASIOSetSampleRate( (ASIOSampleRate) sampleRate );
++    if ( result != ASE_OK ) {
++      errorStream_ << "RtApiAsio::probeDeviceOpen: driver (" << driverName << ") error setting sample rate (" << sampleRate << ").";
++      errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
++      goto error;
++    }
++  }
++
++  // Determine the driver data type.
++  ASIOChannelInfo channelInfo;
++  channelInfo.channel = 0;
++  if ( mode == OUTPUT ) channelInfo.isInput = false;
++  else channelInfo.isInput = true;
++  result = ASIOGetChannelInfo( &channelInfo );
++  if ( result != ASE_OK ) {
++    errorStream_ << "RtApiAsio::probeDeviceOpen: driver (" << driverName << ") error (" << getAsioErrorString( result ) << ") getting data format.";
++    errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
++    goto error;
++  }
++
++  // Assuming WINDOWS host is always little-endian.
++  stream_.doByteSwap[mode] = false;
++  stream_.userFormat = format;
++  stream_.deviceFormat[mode] = 0;
++  if ( channelInfo.type == ASIOSTInt16MSB || channelInfo.type == ASIOSTInt16LSB ) {
++    stream_.deviceFormat[mode] = RTAUDIO_SINT16;
++    if ( channelInfo.type == ASIOSTInt16MSB ) stream_.doByteSwap[mode] = true;
++  }
++  else if ( channelInfo.type == ASIOSTInt32MSB || channelInfo.type == ASIOSTInt32LSB ) {
++    stream_.deviceFormat[mode] = RTAUDIO_SINT32;
++    if ( channelInfo.type == ASIOSTInt32MSB ) stream_.doByteSwap[mode] = true;
++  }
++  else if ( channelInfo.type == ASIOSTFloat32MSB || channelInfo.type == ASIOSTFloat32LSB ) {
++    stream_.deviceFormat[mode] = RTAUDIO_FLOAT32;
++    if ( channelInfo.type == ASIOSTFloat32MSB ) stream_.doByteSwap[mode] = true;
++  }
++  else if ( channelInfo.type == ASIOSTFloat64MSB || channelInfo.type == ASIOSTFloat64LSB ) {
++    stream_.deviceFormat[mode] = RTAUDIO_FLOAT64;
++    if ( channelInfo.type == ASIOSTFloat64MSB ) stream_.doByteSwap[mode] = true;
++  }
++  else if ( channelInfo.type == ASIOSTInt24MSB || channelInfo.type == ASIOSTInt24LSB ) {
++    stream_.deviceFormat[mode] = RTAUDIO_SINT24;
++    if ( channelInfo.type == ASIOSTInt24MSB ) stream_.doByteSwap[mode] = true;
++  }
++
++  if ( stream_.deviceFormat[mode] == 0 ) {
++    errorStream_ << "RtApiAsio::probeDeviceOpen: driver (" << driverName << ") data format not supported by RtAudio.";
++    errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
++    goto error;
++  }
++
++  // Set the buffer size.  For a duplex stream, this will end up
++  // setting the buffer size based on the input constraints, which
++  // should be ok.
++  long minSize, maxSize, preferSize, granularity;
++  result = ASIOGetBufferSize( &minSize, &maxSize, &preferSize, &granularity );
++  if ( result != ASE_OK ) {
++    errorStream_ << "RtApiAsio::probeDeviceOpen: driver (" << driverName << ") error (" << getAsioErrorString( result ) << ") getting buffer size.";
++    errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
++    goto error;
++  }
++
++  if ( isDuplexInput ) {
++    // When this is the duplex input (output was opened before), then we have to use the same
++    // buffersize as the output, because it might use the preferred buffer size, which most
++    // likely wasn't passed as input to this. The buffer sizes have to be identically anyway,
++    // So instead of throwing an error, make them equal. The caller uses the reference
++    // to the "bufferSize" param as usual to set up processing buffers.
++
++    *bufferSize = stream_.bufferSize;
++
++  } else {
++    if ( *bufferSize == 0 ) *bufferSize = preferSize;
++    else if ( *bufferSize < (unsigned int) minSize ) *bufferSize = (unsigned int) minSize;
++    else if ( *bufferSize > (unsigned int) maxSize ) *bufferSize = (unsigned int) maxSize;
++    else if ( granularity == -1 ) {
++      // Make sure bufferSize is a power of two.
++      int log2_of_min_size = 0;
++      int log2_of_max_size = 0;
++
++      for ( unsigned int i = 0; i < sizeof(long) * 8; i++ ) {
++        if ( minSize & ((long)1 << i) ) log2_of_min_size = i;
++        if ( maxSize & ((long)1 << i) ) log2_of_max_size = i;
++      }
++
++      long min_delta = std::abs( (long)*bufferSize - ((long)1 << log2_of_min_size) );
++      int min_delta_num = log2_of_min_size;
++
++      for (int i = log2_of_min_size + 1; i <= log2_of_max_size; i++) {
++        long current_delta = std::abs( (long)*bufferSize - ((long)1 << i) );
++        if (current_delta < min_delta) {
++          min_delta = current_delta;
++          min_delta_num = i;
++        }
++      }
++
++      *bufferSize = ( (unsigned int)1 << min_delta_num );
++      if ( *bufferSize < (unsigned int) minSize ) *bufferSize = (unsigned int) minSize;
++      else if ( *bufferSize > (unsigned int) maxSize ) *bufferSize = (unsigned int) maxSize;
++    }
++    else if ( granularity != 0 ) {
++      // Set to an even multiple of granularity, rounding up.
++      *bufferSize = (*bufferSize + granularity-1) / granularity * granularity;
++    }
++  }
++
++  /*
++  // we don't use it anymore, see above!
++  // Just left it here for the case...
++  if ( isDuplexInput && stream_.bufferSize != *bufferSize ) {
++    errorText_ = "RtApiAsio::probeDeviceOpen: input/output buffersize discrepancy!";
++    goto error;
++  }
++  */
++
++  stream_.bufferSize = *bufferSize;
++  stream_.nBuffers = 2;
++
++  if ( options && options->flags & RTAUDIO_NONINTERLEAVED ) stream_.userInterleaved = false;
++  else stream_.userInterleaved = true;
++
++  // ASIO always uses non-interleaved buffers.
++  stream_.deviceInterleaved[mode] = false;
++
++  // Allocate, if necessary, our AsioHandle structure for the stream.
++  if ( handle == 0 ) {
++    try {
++      handle = new AsioHandle;
++    }
++    catch ( std::bad_alloc& ) {
++      errorText_ = "RtApiAsio::probeDeviceOpen: error allocating AsioHandle memory.";
++      goto error;
++    }
++    handle->bufferInfos = 0;
++
++    // Create a manual-reset event.
++    handle->condition = CreateEvent( NULL,   // no security
++                                     TRUE,   // manual-reset
++                                     FALSE,  // non-signaled initially
++                                     NULL ); // unnamed
++    stream_.apiHandle = (void *) handle;
++  }
++
++  // Create the ASIO internal buffers.  Since RtAudio sets up input
++  // and output separately, we'll have to dispose of previously
++  // created output buffers for a duplex stream.
++  if ( mode == INPUT && stream_.mode == OUTPUT ) {
++    ASIODisposeBuffers();
++    if ( handle->bufferInfos ) free( handle->bufferInfos );
++  }
++
++  // Allocate, initialize, and save the bufferInfos in our stream callbackInfo structure.
++  unsigned int i;
++  nChannels = stream_.nDeviceChannels[0] + stream_.nDeviceChannels[1];
++  handle->bufferInfos = (ASIOBufferInfo *) malloc( nChannels * sizeof(ASIOBufferInfo) );
++  if ( handle->bufferInfos == NULL ) {
++    errorStream_ << "RtApiAsio::probeDeviceOpen: error allocating bufferInfo memory for driver (" << driverName << ").";
++    errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
++    goto error;
++  }
++
++  ASIOBufferInfo *infos;
++  infos = handle->bufferInfos;
++  for ( i=0; i<stream_.nDeviceChannels[0]; i++, infos++ ) {
++    infos->isInput = ASIOFalse;
++    infos->channelNum = i + stream_.channelOffset[0];
++    infos->buffers[0] = infos->buffers[1] = 0;
++  }
++  for ( i=0; i<stream_.nDeviceChannels[1]; i++, infos++ ) {
++    infos->isInput = ASIOTrue;
++    infos->channelNum = i + stream_.channelOffset[1];
++    infos->buffers[0] = infos->buffers[1] = 0;
++  }
++
++  // prepare for callbacks
++  stream_.sampleRate = sampleRate;
++  stream_.device[mode] = device;
++  stream_.mode = isDuplexInput ? DUPLEX : mode;
++
++  // store this class instance before registering callbacks, that are going to use it
++  asioCallbackInfo = &stream_.callbackInfo;
++  stream_.callbackInfo.object = (void *) this;
++
++  // Set up the ASIO callback structure and create the ASIO data buffers.
++  asioCallbacks.bufferSwitch = &bufferSwitch;
++  asioCallbacks.sampleRateDidChange = &sampleRateChanged;
++  asioCallbacks.asioMessage = &asioMessages;
++  asioCallbacks.bufferSwitchTimeInfo = NULL;
++  result = ASIOCreateBuffers( handle->bufferInfos, nChannels, stream_.bufferSize, &asioCallbacks );
++  if ( result != ASE_OK ) {
++    // Standard method failed. This can happen with strict/misbehaving drivers that return valid buffer size ranges
++    // but only accept the preferred buffer size as parameter for ASIOCreateBuffers. eg. Creatives ASIO driver
++    // in that case, let's be naïve and try that instead
++    *bufferSize = preferSize;
++    stream_.bufferSize = *bufferSize;
++    result = ASIOCreateBuffers( handle->bufferInfos, nChannels, stream_.bufferSize, &asioCallbacks );
++  }
++
++  if ( result != ASE_OK ) {
++    errorStream_ << "RtApiAsio::probeDeviceOpen: driver (" << driverName << ") error (" << getAsioErrorString( result ) << ") creating buffers.";
++    errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
++    goto error;
++  }
++  buffersAllocated = true;  
++  stream_.state = STREAM_STOPPED;
++
++  // Set flags for buffer conversion.
++  stream_.doConvertBuffer[mode] = false;
++  if ( stream_.userFormat != stream_.deviceFormat[mode] )
++    stream_.doConvertBuffer[mode] = true;
++  if ( stream_.userInterleaved != stream_.deviceInterleaved[mode] &&
++       stream_.nUserChannels[mode] > 1 )
++    stream_.doConvertBuffer[mode] = true;
++
++  // Allocate necessary internal buffers
++  unsigned long bufferBytes;
++  bufferBytes = stream_.nUserChannels[mode] * *bufferSize * formatBytes( stream_.userFormat );
++  stream_.userBuffer[mode] = (char *) calloc( bufferBytes, 1 );
++  if ( stream_.userBuffer[mode] == NULL ) {
++    errorText_ = "RtApiAsio::probeDeviceOpen: error allocating user buffer memory.";
++    goto error;
++  }
++
++  if ( stream_.doConvertBuffer[mode] ) {
++
++    bool makeBuffer = true;
++    bufferBytes = stream_.nDeviceChannels[mode] * formatBytes( stream_.deviceFormat[mode] );
++    if ( isDuplexInput && stream_.deviceBuffer ) {
++      unsigned long bytesOut = stream_.nDeviceChannels[0] * formatBytes( stream_.deviceFormat[0] );
++      if ( bufferBytes <= bytesOut ) makeBuffer = false;
++    }
++
++    if ( makeBuffer ) {
++      bufferBytes *= *bufferSize;
++      if ( stream_.deviceBuffer ) free( stream_.deviceBuffer );
++      stream_.deviceBuffer = (char *) calloc( bufferBytes, 1 );
++      if ( stream_.deviceBuffer == NULL ) {
++        errorText_ = "RtApiAsio::probeDeviceOpen: error allocating device buffer memory.";
++        goto error;
++      }
++    }
++  }
++
++  // Determine device latencies
++  long inputLatency, outputLatency;
++  result = ASIOGetLatencies( &inputLatency, &outputLatency );
++  if ( result != ASE_OK ) {
++    errorStream_ << "RtApiAsio::probeDeviceOpen: driver (" << driverName << ") error (" << getAsioErrorString( result ) << ") getting latency.";
++    errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
++    error( RtAudioError::WARNING); // warn but don't fail
++  }
++  else {
++    stream_.latency[0] = outputLatency;
++    stream_.latency[1] = inputLatency;
++  }
++
++  // Setup the buffer conversion information structure.  We don't use
++  // buffers to do channel offsets, so we override that parameter
++  // here.
++  if ( stream_.doConvertBuffer[mode] ) setConvertInfo( mode, 0 );
++
++  return SUCCESS;
++
++ error:
++  if ( !isDuplexInput ) {
++    // the cleanup for error in the duplex input, is done by RtApi::openStream
++    // So we clean up for single channel only
++
++    if ( buffersAllocated )
++      ASIODisposeBuffers();
++
++    drivers.removeCurrentDriver();
++
++    if ( handle ) {
++      CloseHandle( handle->condition );
++      if ( handle->bufferInfos )
++        free( handle->bufferInfos );
++
++      delete handle;
++      stream_.apiHandle = 0;
++    }
++
++
++    if ( stream_.userBuffer[mode] ) {
++      free( stream_.userBuffer[mode] );
++      stream_.userBuffer[mode] = 0;
++    }
++
++    if ( stream_.deviceBuffer ) {
++      free( stream_.deviceBuffer );
++      stream_.deviceBuffer = 0;
++    }
++  }
++
++  return FAILURE;
++}////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 +
-+// Account for possible unfilled channels at end of the last stream
-+if ( streamChannels > channelsLeft ) {
-+outJump = streamChannels - channelsLeft;
-+streamChannels = channelsLeft;
++void RtApiAsio :: closeStream()
++{
++  if ( stream_.state == STREAM_CLOSED ) {
++    errorText_ = "RtApiAsio::closeStream(): no open stream to close!";
++    error( RtAudioError::WARNING );
++    return;
++  }
++
++  if ( stream_.state == STREAM_RUNNING ) {
++    stream_.state = STREAM_STOPPED;
++    ASIOStop();
++  }
++  ASIODisposeBuffers();
++  drivers.removeCurrentDriver();
++
++  AsioHandle *handle = (AsioHandle *) stream_.apiHandle;
++  if ( handle ) {
++    CloseHandle( handle->condition );
++    if ( handle->bufferInfos )
++      free( handle->bufferInfos );
++    delete handle;
++    stream_.apiHandle = 0;
++  }
++
++  for ( int i=0; i<2; i++ ) {
++    if ( stream_.userBuffer[i] ) {
++      free( stream_.userBuffer[i] );
++      stream_.userBuffer[i] = 0;
++    }
++  }
++
++  if ( stream_.deviceBuffer ) {
++    free( stream_.deviceBuffer );
++    stream_.deviceBuffer = 0;
++  }
++
++  stream_.mode = UNINITIALIZED;
++  stream_.state = STREAM_CLOSED;
 +}
 +
-+// Determine input buffer offsets and skips
-+if ( inInterleaved ) {
-+inJump = inChannels;
-+in += inChannels - channelsLeft;
-+}
-+else {
-+inJump = 1;
-+in += (inChannels - channelsLeft) * inOffset;
-+}
++bool stopThreadCalled = false;
 +
-+for ( unsigned int i=0; i<stream_.bufferSize; i++ ) {
-+for ( unsigned int j=0; j<streamChannels; j++ ) {
-+*out++ = in[j*inOffset];
-+}
-+out += outJump;
-+in += inJump;
-+}
-+channelsLeft -= streamChannels;
-+}
-+}
-+}
++void RtApiAsio :: startStream()
++{
++  verifyStream();
++  if ( stream_.state == STREAM_RUNNING ) {
++    errorText_ = "RtApiAsio::startStream(): the stream is already running!";
++    error( RtAudioError::WARNING );
++    return;
++  }
++
++  AsioHandle *handle = (AsioHandle *) stream_.apiHandle;
++  ASIOError result = ASIOStart();
++  if ( result != ASE_OK ) {
++    errorStream_ << "RtApiAsio::startStream: error (" << getAsioErrorString( result ) << ") starting device.";
++    errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
++    goto unlock;
++  }
++
++  handle->drainCounter = 0;
++  handle->internalDrain = false;
++  ResetEvent( handle->condition );
++  stream_.state = STREAM_RUNNING;
++  asioXRun = false;
++
++ unlock:
++  stopThreadCalled = false;
++
++  if ( result == ASE_OK ) return;
++  error( RtAudioError::SYSTEM_ERROR );
 +}
 +
-+// Don't bother draining input
-+if ( handle->drainCounter ) {
-+handle->drainCounter++;
-+goto unlock;
-+}
++void RtApiAsio :: stopStream()
++{
++  verifyStream();
++  if ( stream_.state == STREAM_STOPPED ) {
++    errorText_ = "RtApiAsio::stopStream(): the stream is already stopped!";
++    error( RtAudioError::WARNING );
++    return;
++  }
 +
-+AudioDeviceID inputDevice;
-+inputDevice = handle->id[1];
-+if ( stream_.mode == INPUT || ( stream_.mode == DUPLEX && deviceId == inputDevice ) ) {
++  AsioHandle *handle = (AsioHandle *) stream_.apiHandle;
++  if ( stream_.mode == OUTPUT || stream_.mode == DUPLEX ) {
++    if ( handle->drainCounter == 0 ) {
++      handle->drainCounter = 2;
++      WaitForSingleObject( handle->condition, INFINITE );  // block until signaled
++    }
++  }
 +
-+if ( handle->nStreams[1] == 1 ) {
-+if ( stream_.doConvertBuffer[1] ) { // convert directly from CoreAudio stream buffer
-+convertBuffer( stream_.userBuffer[1],
-+(char *) inBufferList->mBuffers[handle->iStream[1]].mData,
-+stream_.convertInfo[1] );
-+}
-+else { // copy to user buffer
-+memcpy( stream_.userBuffer[1],
-+inBufferList->mBuffers[handle->iStream[1]].mData,
-+inBufferList->mBuffers[handle->iStream[1]].mDataByteSize );
-+}
-+}
-+else { // read from multiple streams
-+Float32 *outBuffer = (Float32 *) stream_.userBuffer[1];
-+if ( stream_.doConvertBuffer[1] ) outBuffer = (Float32 *) stream_.deviceBuffer;
-+
-+if ( stream_.deviceInterleaved[1] == false ) { // mono mode
-+UInt32 bufferBytes = inBufferList->mBuffers[handle->iStream[1]].mDataByteSize;
-+for ( unsigned int i=0; i<stream_.nUserChannels[1]; i++ ) {
-+memcpy( (void *)&outBuffer[i*stream_.bufferSize],
-+inBufferList->mBuffers[handle->iStream[1]+i].mData, bufferBytes );
-+}
-+}
-+else { // read from multiple multi-channel streams
-+UInt32 streamChannels, channelsLeft, inJump, outJump, outOffset;
-+Float32 *out, *in;
-+
-+bool outInterleaved = ( stream_.userInterleaved ) ? true : false;
-+UInt32 outChannels = stream_.nUserChannels[1];
-+if ( stream_.doConvertBuffer[1] ) {
-+outInterleaved = true; // device buffer will always be interleaved for nStreams > 1 and not mono mode
-+outChannels = stream_.nDeviceChannels[1];
-+}
++  stream_.state = STREAM_STOPPED;
 +
-+if ( outInterleaved ) outOffset = 1;
-+else outOffset = stream_.bufferSize;
-+
-+channelsLeft = outChannels;
-+for ( unsigned int i=0; i<handle->nStreams[1]; i++ ) {
-+out = outBuffer;
-+in = (Float32 *) inBufferList->mBuffers[handle->iStream[1]+i].mData;
-+streamChannels = inBufferList->mBuffers[handle->iStream[1]+i].mNumberChannels;
-+
-+inJump = 0;
-+// Account for possible channel offset in first stream
-+if ( i == 0 && stream_.channelOffset[1] > 0 ) {
-+streamChannels -= stream_.channelOffset[1];
-+inJump = stream_.channelOffset[1];
-+in += inJump;
-+}
++  ASIOError result = ASIOStop();
++  if ( result != ASE_OK ) {
++    errorStream_ << "RtApiAsio::stopStream: error (" << getAsioErrorString( result ) << ") stopping device.";
++    errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
++  }
 +
-+// Account for possible unread channels at end of the last stream
-+if ( streamChannels > channelsLeft ) {
-+inJump = streamChannels - channelsLeft;
-+streamChannels = channelsLeft;
++  if ( result == ASE_OK ) return;
++  error( RtAudioError::SYSTEM_ERROR );
 +}
 +
-+// Determine output buffer offsets and skips
-+if ( outInterleaved ) {
-+outJump = outChannels;
-+out += outChannels - channelsLeft;
-+}
-+else {
-+outJump = 1;
-+out += (outChannels - channelsLeft) * outOffset;
++void RtApiAsio :: abortStream()
++{
++  verifyStream();
++  if ( stream_.state == STREAM_STOPPED ) {
++    errorText_ = "RtApiAsio::abortStream(): the stream is already stopped!";
++    error( RtAudioError::WARNING );
++    return;
++  }
++
++  // The following lines were commented-out because some behavior was
++  // noted where the device buffers need to be zeroed to avoid
++  // continuing sound, even when the device buffers are completely
++  // disposed.  So now, calling abort is the same as calling stop.
++  // AsioHandle *handle = (AsioHandle *) stream_.apiHandle;
++  // handle->drainCounter = 2;
++  stopStream();
 +}
 +
-+for ( unsigned int i=0; i<stream_.bufferSize; i++ ) {
-+for ( unsigned int j=0; j<streamChannels; j++ ) {
-+out[j*outOffset] = *in++;
-+}
-+out += outJump;
-+in += inJump;
-+}
-+channelsLeft -= streamChannels;
-+}
-+}
++// This function will be called by a spawned thread when the user
++// callback function signals that the stream should be stopped or
++// aborted.  It is necessary to handle it this way because the
++// callbackEvent() function must return before the ASIOStop()
++// function will return.
++static unsigned __stdcall asioStopStream( void *ptr )
++{
++  CallbackInfo *info = (CallbackInfo *) ptr;
++  RtApiAsio *object = (RtApiAsio *) info->object;
 +
-+if ( stream_.doConvertBuffer[1] ) { // convert from our internal "device" buffer
-+convertBuffer( stream_.userBuffer[1],
-+stream_.deviceBuffer,
-+stream_.convertInfo[1] );
-+}
++  object->stopStream();
++  _endthreadex( 0 );
++  return 0;
 +}
++
++bool RtApiAsio :: callbackEvent( long bufferIndex )
++{
++  if ( stream_.state == STREAM_STOPPED || stream_.state == STREAM_STOPPING ) return SUCCESS;
++  if ( stream_.state == STREAM_CLOSED ) {
++    errorText_ = "RtApiAsio::callbackEvent(): the stream is closed ... this shouldn't happen!";
++    error( RtAudioError::WARNING );
++    return FAILURE;
++  }
++
++  CallbackInfo *info = (CallbackInfo *) &stream_.callbackInfo;
++  AsioHandle *handle = (AsioHandle *) stream_.apiHandle;
++
++  // Check if we were draining the stream and signal if finished.
++  if ( handle->drainCounter > 3 ) {
++
++    stream_.state = STREAM_STOPPING;
++    if ( handle->internalDrain == false )
++      SetEvent( handle->condition );
++    else { // spawn a thread to stop the stream
++      unsigned threadId;
++      stream_.callbackInfo.thread = _beginthreadex( NULL, 0, &asioStopStream,
++                                                    &stream_.callbackInfo, 0, &threadId );
++    }
++    return SUCCESS;
++  }
++
++  // Invoke user callback to get fresh output data UNLESS we are
++  // draining stream.
++  if ( handle->drainCounter == 0 ) {
++    RtAudioCallback callback = (RtAudioCallback) info->callback;
++    double streamTime = getStreamTime();
++    RtAudioStreamStatus status = 0;
++    if ( stream_.mode != INPUT && asioXRun == true ) {
++      status |= RTAUDIO_OUTPUT_UNDERFLOW;
++      asioXRun = false;
++    }
++    if ( stream_.mode != OUTPUT && asioXRun == true ) {
++      status |= RTAUDIO_INPUT_OVERFLOW;
++      asioXRun = false;
++    }
++    int cbReturnValue = callback( stream_.userBuffer[0], stream_.userBuffer[1],
++                                     stream_.bufferSize, streamTime, status, info->userData );
++    if ( cbReturnValue == 2 ) {
++      stream_.state = STREAM_STOPPING;
++      handle->drainCounter = 2;
++      unsigned threadId;
++      stream_.callbackInfo.thread = _beginthreadex( NULL, 0, &asioStopStream,
++                                                    &stream_.callbackInfo, 0, &threadId );
++      return SUCCESS;
++    }
++    else if ( cbReturnValue == 1 ) {
++      handle->drainCounter = 1;
++      handle->internalDrain = true;
++    }
++  }
++
++  unsigned int nChannels, bufferBytes, i, j;
++  nChannels = stream_.nDeviceChannels[0] + stream_.nDeviceChannels[1];
++  if ( stream_.mode == OUTPUT || stream_.mode == DUPLEX ) {
++
++    bufferBytes = stream_.bufferSize * formatBytes( stream_.deviceFormat[0] );
++
++    if ( handle->drainCounter > 1 ) { // write zeros to the output stream
++
++      for ( i=0, j=0; i<nChannels; i++ ) {
++        if ( handle->bufferInfos[i].isInput != ASIOTrue )
++          memset( handle->bufferInfos[i].buffers[bufferIndex], 0, bufferBytes );
++      }
++
++    }
++    else if ( stream_.doConvertBuffer[0] ) {
++
++      convertBuffer( stream_.deviceBuffer, stream_.userBuffer[0], stream_.convertInfo[0] );
++      if ( stream_.doByteSwap[0] )
++        byteSwapBuffer( stream_.deviceBuffer,
++                        stream_.bufferSize * stream_.nDeviceChannels[0],
++                        stream_.deviceFormat[0] );
++
++      for ( i=0, j=0; i<nChannels; i++ ) {
++        if ( handle->bufferInfos[i].isInput != ASIOTrue )
++          memcpy( handle->bufferInfos[i].buffers[bufferIndex],
++                  &stream_.deviceBuffer[j++*bufferBytes], bufferBytes );
++      }
++
++    }
++    else {
++
++      if ( stream_.doByteSwap[0] )
++        byteSwapBuffer( stream_.userBuffer[0],
++                        stream_.bufferSize * stream_.nUserChannels[0],
++                        stream_.userFormat );
++
++      for ( i=0, j=0; i<nChannels; i++ ) {
++        if ( handle->bufferInfos[i].isInput != ASIOTrue )
++          memcpy( handle->bufferInfos[i].buffers[bufferIndex],
++                  &stream_.userBuffer[0][bufferBytes*j++], bufferBytes );
++      }
++
++    }
++  }
++
++  // Don't bother draining input
++  if ( handle->drainCounter ) {
++    handle->drainCounter++;
++    goto unlock;
++  }
++
++  if ( stream_.mode == INPUT || stream_.mode == DUPLEX ) {
++
++    bufferBytes = stream_.bufferSize * formatBytes(stream_.deviceFormat[1]);
++
++    if (stream_.doConvertBuffer[1]) {
++
++      // Always interleave ASIO input data.
++      for ( i=0, j=0; i<nChannels; i++ ) {
++        if ( handle->bufferInfos[i].isInput == ASIOTrue )
++          memcpy( &stream_.deviceBuffer[j++*bufferBytes],
++                  handle->bufferInfos[i].buffers[bufferIndex],
++                  bufferBytes );
++      }
++
++      if ( stream_.doByteSwap[1] )
++        byteSwapBuffer( stream_.deviceBuffer,
++                        stream_.bufferSize * stream_.nDeviceChannels[1],
++                        stream_.deviceFormat[1] );
++      convertBuffer( stream_.userBuffer[1], stream_.deviceBuffer, stream_.convertInfo[1] );
++
++    }
++    else {
++      for ( i=0, j=0; i<nChannels; i++ ) {
++        if ( handle->bufferInfos[i].isInput == ASIOTrue ) {
++          memcpy( &stream_.userBuffer[1][bufferBytes*j++],
++                  handle->bufferInfos[i].buffers[bufferIndex],
++                  bufferBytes );
++        }
++      }
++
++      if ( stream_.doByteSwap[1] )
++        byteSwapBuffer( stream_.userBuffer[1],
++                        stream_.bufferSize * stream_.nUserChannels[1],
++                        stream_.userFormat );
++    }
++  }
++
++ unlock:
++  // The following call was suggested by Malte Clasen.  While the API
++  // documentation indicates it should not be required, some device
++  // drivers apparently do not function correctly without it.
++  ASIOOutputReady();
++
++  RtApi::tickStreamTime();
++  return SUCCESS;
 +}
 +
-+unlock:
-+//MUTEX_UNLOCK( &stream_.mutex );
++static void sampleRateChanged( ASIOSampleRate sRate )
++{
++  // The ASIO documentation says that this usually only happens during
++  // external sync.  Audio processing is not stopped by the driver,
++  // actual sample rate might not have even changed, maybe only the
++  // sample rate status of an AES/EBU or S/PDIF digital input at the
++  // audio device.
++
++  RtApi *object = (RtApi *) asioCallbackInfo->object;
++  try {
++    object->stopStream();
++  }
++  catch ( RtAudioError &exception ) {
++    std::cerr << "\nRtApiAsio: sampleRateChanged() error (" << exception.getMessage() << ")!\n" << std::endl;
++    return;
++  }
 +
-+RtApi::tickStreamTime();
-+return SUCCESS;
++  std::cerr << "\nRtApiAsio: driver reports sample rate changed to " << sRate << " ... stream stopped!!!\n" << std::endl;
 +}
 +
-+const char* RtApiCore :: getErrorCode( OSStatus code )
++static long asioMessages( long selector, long value, void* /*message*/, double* /*opt*/ )
 +{
-+switch( code ) {
-+
-+case kAudioHardwareNotRunningError:
-+return "kAudioHardwareNotRunningError";
++  long ret = 0;
++
++  switch( selector ) {
++  case kAsioSelectorSupported:
++    if ( value == kAsioResetRequest
++         || value == kAsioEngineVersion
++         || value == kAsioResyncRequest
++         || value == kAsioLatenciesChanged
++         // The following three were added for ASIO 2.0, you don't
++         // necessarily have to support them.
++         || value == kAsioSupportsTimeInfo
++         || value == kAsioSupportsTimeCode
++         || value == kAsioSupportsInputMonitor)
++      ret = 1L;
++    break;
++  case kAsioResetRequest:
++    // Defer the task and perform the reset of the driver during the
++    // next "safe" situation.  You cannot reset the driver right now,
++    // as this code is called from the driver.  Reset the driver is
++    // done by completely destruct is. I.e. ASIOStop(),
++    // ASIODisposeBuffers(), Destruction Afterwards you initialize the
++    // driver again.
++    std::cerr << "\nRtApiAsio: driver reset requested!!!" << std::endl;
++    ret = 1L;
++    break;
++  case kAsioResyncRequest:
++    // This informs the application that the driver encountered some
++    // non-fatal data loss.  It is used for synchronization purposes
++    // of different media.  Added mainly to work around the Win16Mutex
++    // problems in Windows 95/98 with the Windows Multimedia system,
++    // which could lose data because the Mutex was held too long by
++    // another thread.  However a driver can issue it in other
++    // situations, too.
++    // std::cerr << "\nRtApiAsio: driver resync requested!!!" << std::endl;
++    asioXRun = true;
++    ret = 1L;
++    break;
++  case kAsioLatenciesChanged:
++    // This will inform the host application that the drivers were
++    // latencies changed.  Beware, it this does not mean that the
++    // buffer sizes have changed!  You might need to update internal
++    // delay data.
++    std::cerr << "\nRtApiAsio: driver latency may have changed!!!" << std::endl;
++    ret = 1L;
++    break;
++  case kAsioEngineVersion:
++    // Return the supported ASIO version of the host application.  If
++    // a host application does not implement this selector, ASIO 1.0
++    // is assumed by the driver.
++    ret = 2L;
++    break;
++  case kAsioSupportsTimeInfo:
++    // Informs the driver whether the
++    // asioCallbacks.bufferSwitchTimeInfo() callback is supported.
++    // For compatibility with ASIO 1.0 drivers the host application
++    // should always support the "old" bufferSwitch method, too.
++    ret = 0;
++    break;
++  case kAsioSupportsTimeCode:
++    // Informs the driver whether application is interested in time
++    // code info.  If an application does not need to know about time
++    // code, the driver has less work to do.
++    ret = 0;
++    break;
++  }
++  return ret;
++}
 +
-+case kAudioHardwareUnspecifiedError:
-+return "kAudioHardwareUnspecifiedError";
++static const char* getAsioErrorString( ASIOError result )
++{
++  struct Messages 
++  {
++    ASIOError value;
++    const char*message;
++  };
 +
-+case kAudioHardwareUnknownPropertyError:
-+return "kAudioHardwareUnknownPropertyError";
++  static const Messages m[] = 
++    {
++      {   ASE_NotPresent,    "Hardware input or output is not present or available." },
++      {   ASE_HWMalfunction,  "Hardware is malfunctioning." },
++      {   ASE_InvalidParameter, "Invalid input parameter." },
++      {   ASE_InvalidMode,      "Invalid mode." },
++      {   ASE_SPNotAdvancing,     "Sample position not advancing." },
++      {   ASE_NoClock,            "Sample clock or rate cannot be determined or is not present." },
++      {   ASE_NoMemory,           "Not enough memory to complete the request." }
++    };
 +
-+case kAudioHardwareBadPropertySizeError:
-+return "kAudioHardwareBadPropertySizeError";
++  for ( unsigned int i = 0; i < sizeof(m)/sizeof(m[0]); ++i )
++    if ( m[i].value == result ) return m[i].message;
 +
-+case kAudioHardwareIllegalOperationError:
-+return "kAudioHardwareIllegalOperationError";
++  return "Unknown error.";
++}
 +
-+case kAudioHardwareBadObjectError:
-+return "kAudioHardwareBadObjectError";
++//******************** End of __WINDOWS_ASIO__ *********************//
++#endif
 +
-+case kAudioHardwareBadDeviceError:
-+return "kAudioHardwareBadDeviceError";
 +
-+case kAudioHardwareBadStreamError:
-+return "kAudioHardwareBadStreamError";
++#if defined(__WINDOWS_WASAPI__) // Windows WASAPI API
 +
-+case kAudioHardwareUnsupportedOperationError:
-+return "kAudioHardwareUnsupportedOperationError";
++// Authored by Marcus Tomlinson <themarcustomlinson at gmail.com>, April 2014
++// - Introduces support for the Windows WASAPI API
++// - Aims to deliver bit streams to and from hardware at the lowest possible latency, via the absolute minimum buffer sizes required
++// - Provides flexible stream configuration to an otherwise strict and inflexible WASAPI interface
++// - Includes automatic internal conversion of sample rate and buffer size between hardware and the user
 +
-+case kAudioDeviceUnsupportedFormatError:
-+return "kAudioDeviceUnsupportedFormatError";
++#ifndef INITGUID
++  #define INITGUID
++#endif
++#include <audioclient.h>
++#include <avrt.h>
++#include <mmdeviceapi.h>
++#include <functiondiscoverykeys_devpkey.h>
 +
-+case kAudioDevicePermissionsError:
-+return "kAudioDevicePermissionsError";
++//=============================================================================
 +
-+default:
-+return "CoreAudio unknown error";
-+}
++#define SAFE_RELEASE( objectPtr )\
++if ( objectPtr )\
++{\
++  objectPtr->Release();\
++  objectPtr = NULL;\
 +}
 +
-+//******************** End of __MACOSX_CORE__ *********************//
-+#endif
-+
-+#if defined(__UNIX_JACK__)
++typedef HANDLE ( __stdcall *TAvSetMmThreadCharacteristicsPtr )( LPCWSTR TaskName, LPDWORD TaskIndex );
 +
-+// JACK is a low-latency audio server, originally written for the
-+// GNU/Linux operating system and now also ported to OS-X. It can
-+// connect a number of different applications to an audio device, as
-+// well as allowing them to share audio between themselves.
-+//
-+// When using JACK with RtAudio, "devices" refer to JACK clients that
-+// have ports connected to the server.  The JACK server is typically
-+// started in a terminal as follows:
-+//
-+// .jackd -d alsa -d hw:0
-+//
-+// or through an interface program such as qjackctl.  Many of the
-+// parameters normally set for a stream are fixed by the JACK server
-+// and can be specified when the JACK server is started.  In
-+// particular,
-+//
-+// .jackd -d alsa -d hw:0 -r 44100 -p 512 -n 4
-+//
-+// specifies a sample rate of 44100 Hz, a buffer size of 512 sample
-+// frames, and number of buffers = 4.  Once the server is running, it
-+// is not possible to override these values.  If the values are not
-+// specified in the command-line, the JACK server uses default values.
-+//
-+// The JACK server does not have to be running when an instance of
-+// RtApiJack is created, though the function getDeviceCount() will
-+// report 0 devices found until JACK has been started.  When no
-+// devices are available (i.e., the JACK server is not running), a
-+// stream cannot be opened.
++//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 +
-+#include <jack/jack.h>
-+#include <unistd.h>
-+#include <cstdio>
++// WASAPI dictates stream sample rate, format, channel count, and in some cases, buffer size.
++// Therefore we must perform all necessary conversions to user buffers in order to satisfy these
++// requirements. WasapiBuffer ring buffers are used between HwIn->UserIn and UserOut->HwOut to
++// provide intermediate storage for read / write synchronization.
++class WasapiBuffer
++{
++public:
++  WasapiBuffer()
++    : buffer_( NULL ),
++      bufferSize_( 0 ),
++      inIndex_( 0 ),
++      outIndex_( 0 ) {}
++
++  ~WasapiBuffer() {
++    free( buffer_ );
++  }
++
++  // sets the length of the internal ring buffer
++  void setBufferSize( unsigned int bufferSize, unsigned int formatBytes ) {
++    free( buffer_ );
++
++    buffer_ = ( char* ) calloc( bufferSize, formatBytes );
++
++    bufferSize_ = bufferSize;
++    inIndex_ = 0;
++    outIndex_ = 0;
++  }
++
++  // attempt to push a buffer into the ring buffer at the current "in" index
++  bool pushBuffer( char* buffer, unsigned int bufferSize, RtAudioFormat format )
++  {
++    if ( !buffer ||                 // incoming buffer is NULL
++         bufferSize == 0 ||         // incoming buffer has no data
++         bufferSize > bufferSize_ ) // incoming buffer too large
++    {
++      return false;
++    }
++
++    unsigned int relOutIndex = outIndex_;
++    unsigned int inIndexEnd = inIndex_ + bufferSize;
++    if ( relOutIndex < inIndex_ && inIndexEnd >= bufferSize_ ) {
++      relOutIndex += bufferSize_;
++    }
++
++    // "in" index can end on the "out" index but cannot begin at it
++    if ( inIndex_ <= relOutIndex && inIndexEnd > relOutIndex ) {
++      return false; // not enough space between "in" index and "out" index
++    }
++
++    // copy buffer from external to internal
++    int fromZeroSize = inIndex_ + bufferSize - bufferSize_;
++    fromZeroSize = fromZeroSize < 0 ? 0 : fromZeroSize;
++    int fromInSize = bufferSize - fromZeroSize;
++
++    switch( format )
++      {
++      case RTAUDIO_SINT8:
++        memcpy( &( ( char* ) buffer_ )[inIndex_], buffer, fromInSize * sizeof( char ) );
++        memcpy( buffer_, &( ( char* ) buffer )[fromInSize], fromZeroSize * sizeof( char ) );
++        break;
++      case RTAUDIO_SINT16:
++        memcpy( &( ( short* ) buffer_ )[inIndex_], buffer, fromInSize * sizeof( short ) );
++        memcpy( buffer_, &( ( short* ) buffer )[fromInSize], fromZeroSize * sizeof( short ) );
++        break;
++      case RTAUDIO_SINT24:
++        memcpy( &( ( S24* ) buffer_ )[inIndex_], buffer, fromInSize * sizeof( S24 ) );
++        memcpy( buffer_, &( ( S24* ) buffer )[fromInSize], fromZeroSize * sizeof( S24 ) );
++        break;
++      case RTAUDIO_SINT32:
++        memcpy( &( ( int* ) buffer_ )[inIndex_], buffer, fromInSize * sizeof( int ) );
++        memcpy( buffer_, &( ( int* ) buffer )[fromInSize], fromZeroSize * sizeof( int ) );
++        break;
++      case RTAUDIO_FLOAT32:
++        memcpy( &( ( float* ) buffer_ )[inIndex_], buffer, fromInSize * sizeof( float ) );
++        memcpy( buffer_, &( ( float* ) buffer )[fromInSize], fromZeroSize * sizeof( float ) );
++        break;
++      case RTAUDIO_FLOAT64:
++        memcpy( &( ( double* ) buffer_ )[inIndex_], buffer, fromInSize * sizeof( double ) );
++        memcpy( buffer_, &( ( double* ) buffer )[fromInSize], fromZeroSize * sizeof( double ) );
++        break;
++    }
++
++    // update "in" index
++    inIndex_ += bufferSize;
++    inIndex_ %= bufferSize_;
++
++    return true;
++  }
++
++  // attempt to pull a buffer from the ring buffer from the current "out" index
++  bool pullBuffer( char* buffer, unsigned int bufferSize, RtAudioFormat format )
++  {
++    if ( !buffer ||                 // incoming buffer is NULL
++         bufferSize == 0 ||         // incoming buffer has no data
++         bufferSize > bufferSize_ ) // incoming buffer too large
++    {
++      return false;
++    }
++
++    unsigned int relInIndex = inIndex_;
++    unsigned int outIndexEnd = outIndex_ + bufferSize;
++    if ( relInIndex < outIndex_ && outIndexEnd >= bufferSize_ ) {
++      relInIndex += bufferSize_;
++    }
++
++    // "out" index can begin at and end on the "in" index
++    if ( outIndex_ < relInIndex && outIndexEnd > relInIndex ) {
++      return false; // not enough space between "out" index and "in" index
++    }
++
++    // copy buffer from internal to external
++    int fromZeroSize = outIndex_ + bufferSize - bufferSize_;
++    fromZeroSize = fromZeroSize < 0 ? 0 : fromZeroSize;
++    int fromOutSize = bufferSize - fromZeroSize;
++
++    switch( format )
++    {
++      case RTAUDIO_SINT8:
++        memcpy( buffer, &( ( char* ) buffer_ )[outIndex_], fromOutSize * sizeof( char ) );
++        memcpy( &( ( char* ) buffer )[fromOutSize], buffer_, fromZeroSize * sizeof( char ) );
++        break;
++      case RTAUDIO_SINT16:
++        memcpy( buffer, &( ( short* ) buffer_ )[outIndex_], fromOutSize * sizeof( short ) );
++        memcpy( &( ( short* ) buffer )[fromOutSize], buffer_, fromZeroSize * sizeof( short ) );
++        break;
++      case RTAUDIO_SINT24:
++        memcpy( buffer, &( ( S24* ) buffer_ )[outIndex_], fromOutSize * sizeof( S24 ) );
++        memcpy( &( ( S24* ) buffer )[fromOutSize], buffer_, fromZeroSize * sizeof( S24 ) );
++        break;
++      case RTAUDIO_SINT32:
++        memcpy( buffer, &( ( int* ) buffer_ )[outIndex_], fromOutSize * sizeof( int ) );
++        memcpy( &( ( int* ) buffer )[fromOutSize], buffer_, fromZeroSize * sizeof( int ) );
++        break;
++      case RTAUDIO_FLOAT32:
++        memcpy( buffer, &( ( float* ) buffer_ )[outIndex_], fromOutSize * sizeof( float ) );
++        memcpy( &( ( float* ) buffer )[fromOutSize], buffer_, fromZeroSize * sizeof( float ) );
++        break;
++      case RTAUDIO_FLOAT64:
++        memcpy( buffer, &( ( double* ) buffer_ )[outIndex_], fromOutSize * sizeof( double ) );
++        memcpy( &( ( double* ) buffer )[fromOutSize], buffer_, fromZeroSize * sizeof( double ) );
++        break;
++    }
++
++    // update "out" index
++    outIndex_ += bufferSize;
++    outIndex_ %= bufferSize_;
++
++    return true;
++  }
 +
-+// A structure to hold various information related to the Jack API
-+// implementation.
-+struct JackHandle {
-+jack_client_t *client;
-+jack_port_t **ports[2];
-+std::string deviceName[2];
-+bool xrun[2];
-+pthread_cond_t condition;
-+int drainCounter;       // Tracks callback counts when draining
-+bool internalDrain;     // Indicates if stop is initiated from callback or not.
-+
-+JackHandle()
-+:client(0), drainCounter(0), internalDrain(false) { ports[0] = 0; ports[1] = 0; xrun[0] = false; xrun[1] = false; }
++private:
++  char* buffer_;
++  unsigned int bufferSize_;
++  unsigned int inIndex_;
++  unsigned int outIndex_;
 +};
 +
-+#if !defined(__RTAUDIO_DEBUG__)
-+static void jackSilentError( const char * ) {};
-+#endif
-+
-+RtApiJack :: RtApiJack()
-+:shouldAutoconnect_(true) {
-+// Nothing to do here.
-+#if !defined(__RTAUDIO_DEBUG__)
-+// Turn off Jack's internal error reporting.
-+jack_set_error_function( &jackSilentError );
-+#endif
-+}
++//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 +
-+RtApiJack :: ~RtApiJack()
++// In order to satisfy WASAPI's buffer requirements, we need a means of converting sample rate
++// between HW and the user. The convertBufferWasapi function is used to perform this conversion
++// between HwIn->UserIn and UserOut->HwOut during the stream callback loop.
++// This sample rate converter works best with conversions between one rate and its multiple.
++void convertBufferWasapi( char* outBuffer,
++                          const char* inBuffer,
++                          const unsigned int& channelCount,
++                          const unsigned int& inSampleRate,
++                          const unsigned int& outSampleRate,
++                          const unsigned int& inSampleCount,
++                          unsigned int& outSampleCount,
++                          const RtAudioFormat& format )
 +{
-+if ( stream_.state != STREAM_CLOSED ) closeStream();
++  // calculate the new outSampleCount and relative sampleStep
++  float sampleRatio = ( float ) outSampleRate / inSampleRate;
++  float sampleRatioInv = ( float ) 1 / sampleRatio;
++  float sampleStep = 1.0f / sampleRatio;
++  float inSampleFraction = 0.0f;
++
++  outSampleCount = ( unsigned int ) std::roundf( inSampleCount * sampleRatio );
++
++  // if inSampleRate is a multiple of outSampleRate (or vice versa) there's no need to interpolate
++  if ( floor( sampleRatio ) == sampleRatio || floor( sampleRatioInv ) == sampleRatioInv )
++  {
++    // frame-by-frame, copy each relative input sample into it's corresponding output sample
++    for ( unsigned int outSample = 0; outSample < outSampleCount; outSample++ )
++    {
++      unsigned int inSample = ( unsigned int ) inSampleFraction;
++
++      switch ( format )
++      {
++        case RTAUDIO_SINT8:
++          memcpy( &( ( char* ) outBuffer )[ outSample * channelCount ], &( ( char* ) inBuffer )[ inSample * channelCount ], channelCount * sizeof( char ) );
++          break;
++        case RTAUDIO_SINT16:
++          memcpy( &( ( short* ) outBuffer )[ outSample * channelCount ], &( ( short* ) inBuffer )[ inSample * channelCount ], channelCount * sizeof( short ) );
++          break;
++        case RTAUDIO_SINT24:
++          memcpy( &( ( S24* ) outBuffer )[ outSample * channelCount ], &( ( S24* ) inBuffer )[ inSample * channelCount ], channelCount * sizeof( S24 ) );
++          break;
++        case RTAUDIO_SINT32:
++          memcpy( &( ( int* ) outBuffer )[ outSample * channelCount ], &( ( int* ) inBuffer )[ inSample * channelCount ], channelCount * sizeof( int ) );
++          break;
++        case RTAUDIO_FLOAT32:
++          memcpy( &( ( float* ) outBuffer )[ outSample * channelCount ], &( ( float* ) inBuffer )[ inSample * channelCount ], channelCount * sizeof( float ) );
++          break;
++        case RTAUDIO_FLOAT64:
++          memcpy( &( ( double* ) outBuffer )[ outSample * channelCount ], &( ( double* ) inBuffer )[ inSample * channelCount ], channelCount * sizeof( double ) );
++          break;
++      }
++
++      // jump to next in sample
++      inSampleFraction += sampleStep;
++    }
++  }
++  else // else interpolate
++  {
++    // frame-by-frame, copy each relative input sample into it's corresponding output sample
++    for ( unsigned int outSample = 0; outSample < outSampleCount; outSample++ )
++    {
++      unsigned int inSample = ( unsigned int ) inSampleFraction;
++      float inSampleDec = inSampleFraction - inSample;
++      unsigned int frameInSample = inSample * channelCount;
++      unsigned int frameOutSample = outSample * channelCount;
++
++      switch ( format )
++      {
++        case RTAUDIO_SINT8:
++        {
++          for ( unsigned int channel = 0; channel < channelCount; channel++ )
++          {
++            char fromSample = ( ( char* ) inBuffer )[ frameInSample + channel ];
++            char toSample = ( ( char* ) inBuffer )[ frameInSample + channelCount + channel ];
++            char sampleDiff = ( char ) ( ( toSample - fromSample ) * inSampleDec );
++            ( ( char* ) outBuffer )[ frameOutSample + channel ] = fromSample + sampleDiff;
++          }
++          break;
++        }
++        case RTAUDIO_SINT16:
++        {
++          for ( unsigned int channel = 0; channel < channelCount; channel++ )
++          {
++            short fromSample = ( ( short* ) inBuffer )[ frameInSample + channel ];
++            short toSample = ( ( short* ) inBuffer )[ frameInSample + channelCount + channel ];
++            short sampleDiff = ( short ) ( ( toSample - fromSample ) * inSampleDec );
++            ( ( short* ) outBuffer )[ frameOutSample + channel ] = fromSample + sampleDiff;
++          }
++          break;
++        }
++        case RTAUDIO_SINT24:
++        {
++          for ( unsigned int channel = 0; channel < channelCount; channel++ )
++          {
++            int fromSample = ( ( S24* ) inBuffer )[ frameInSample + channel ].asInt();
++            int toSample = ( ( S24* ) inBuffer )[ frameInSample + channelCount + channel ].asInt();
++            int sampleDiff = ( int ) ( ( toSample - fromSample ) * inSampleDec );
++            ( ( S24* ) outBuffer )[ frameOutSample + channel ] = fromSample + sampleDiff;
++          }
++          break;
++        }
++        case RTAUDIO_SINT32:
++        {
++          for ( unsigned int channel = 0; channel < channelCount; channel++ )
++          {
++            int fromSample = ( ( int* ) inBuffer )[ frameInSample + channel ];
++            int toSample = ( ( int* ) inBuffer )[ frameInSample + channelCount + channel ];
++            int sampleDiff = ( int ) ( ( toSample - fromSample ) * inSampleDec );
++            ( ( int* ) outBuffer )[ frameOutSample + channel ] = fromSample + sampleDiff;
++          }
++          break;
++        }
++        case RTAUDIO_FLOAT32:
++        {
++          for ( unsigned int channel = 0; channel < channelCount; channel++ )
++          {
++            float fromSample = ( ( float* ) inBuffer )[ frameInSample + channel ];
++            float toSample = ( ( float* ) inBuffer )[ frameInSample + channelCount + channel ];
++            float sampleDiff = ( toSample - fromSample ) * inSampleDec;
++            ( ( float* ) outBuffer )[ frameOutSample + channel ] = fromSample + sampleDiff;
++          }
++          break;
++        }
++        case RTAUDIO_FLOAT64:
++        {
++          for ( unsigned int channel = 0; channel < channelCount; channel++ )
++          {
++            double fromSample = ( ( double* ) inBuffer )[ frameInSample + channel ];
++            double toSample = ( ( double* ) inBuffer )[ frameInSample + channelCount + channel ];
++            double sampleDiff = ( toSample - fromSample ) * inSampleDec;
++            ( ( double* ) outBuffer )[ frameOutSample + channel ] = fromSample + sampleDiff;
++          }
++          break;
++        }
++      }
++
++      // jump to next in sample
++      inSampleFraction += sampleStep;
++    }
++  }
 +}
 +
-+unsigned int RtApiJack :: getDeviceCount( void )
++//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
++
++// A structure to hold various information related to the WASAPI implementation.
++struct WasapiHandle
 +{
-+// See if we can become a jack client.
-+jack_options_t options = (jack_options_t) ( JackNoStartServer ); //JackNullOption;
-+jack_status_t *status = NULL;
-+jack_client_t *client = jack_client_open( "RtApiJackCount", options, status );
-+if ( client == 0 ) return 0;
-+
-+const char **ports;
-+std::string port, previousPort;
-+unsigned int nChannels = 0, nDevices = 0;
-+ports = jack_get_ports( client, NULL, NULL, 0 );
-+if ( ports ) {
-+// Parse the port names up to the first colon (:).
-+size_t iColon = 0;
-+do {
-+port = (char *) ports[ nChannels ];
-+iColon = port.find(":");
-+if ( iColon != std::string::npos ) {
-+port = port.substr( 0, iColon + 1 );
-+if ( port != previousPort ) {
-+nDevices++;
-+previousPort = port;
-+}
-+}
-+} while ( ports[++nChannels] );
-+free( ports );
-+}
++  IAudioClient* captureAudioClient;
++  IAudioClient* renderAudioClient;
++  IAudioCaptureClient* captureClient;
++  IAudioRenderClient* renderClient;
++  HANDLE captureEvent;
++  HANDLE renderEvent;
++
++  WasapiHandle()
++  : captureAudioClient( NULL ),
++    renderAudioClient( NULL ),
++    captureClient( NULL ),
++    renderClient( NULL ),
++    captureEvent( NULL ),
++    renderEvent( NULL ) {}
++};
 +
-+jack_client_close( client );
-+return nDevices;
-+}
++//=============================================================================
 +
-+RtAudio::DeviceInfo RtApiJack :: getDeviceInfo( unsigned int device )
++RtApiWasapi::RtApiWasapi()
++  : coInitialized_( false ), deviceEnumerator_( NULL )
 +{
-+RtAudio::DeviceInfo info;
-+info.probed = false;
-+
-+jack_options_t options = (jack_options_t) ( JackNoStartServer ); //JackNullOption
-+jack_status_t *status = NULL;
-+jack_client_t *client = jack_client_open( "RtApiJackInfo", options, status );
-+if ( client == 0 ) {
-+errorText_ = "RtApiJack::getDeviceInfo: Jack server not found or connection error!";
-+error( RtAudioError::WARNING );
-+return info;
-+}
++  // WASAPI can run either apartment or multi-threaded
++  HRESULT hr = CoInitialize( NULL );
++  if ( !FAILED( hr ) )
++    coInitialized_ = true;
 +
-+const char **ports;
-+std::string port, previousPort;
-+unsigned int nPorts = 0, nDevices = 0;
-+ports = jack_get_ports( client, NULL, NULL, 0 );
-+if ( ports ) {
-+// Parse the port names up to the first colon (:).
-+size_t iColon = 0;
-+do {
-+port = (char *) ports[ nPorts ];
-+iColon = port.find(":");
-+if ( iColon != std::string::npos ) {
-+port = port.substr( 0, iColon );
-+if ( port != previousPort ) {
-+if ( nDevices == device ) info.name = port;
-+nDevices++;
-+previousPort = port;
-+}
-+}
-+} while ( ports[++nPorts] );
-+free( ports );
-+}
++  // Instantiate device enumerator
++  hr = CoCreateInstance( __uuidof( MMDeviceEnumerator ), NULL,
++                         CLSCTX_ALL, __uuidof( IMMDeviceEnumerator ),
++                         ( void** ) &deviceEnumerator_ );
 +
-+if ( device >= nDevices ) {
-+jack_client_close( client );
-+errorText_ = "RtApiJack::getDeviceInfo: device ID is invalid!";
-+error( RtAudioError::INVALID_USE );
-+return info;
++  if ( FAILED( hr ) ) {
++    errorText_ = "RtApiWasapi::RtApiWasapi: Unable to instantiate device enumerator";
++    error( RtAudioError::DRIVER_ERROR );
++  }
 +}
 +
-+// Get the current jack server sample rate.
-+info.sampleRates.clear();
++//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 +
-+info.preferredSampleRate = jack_get_sample_rate( client );
-+info.sampleRates.push_back( info.preferredSampleRate );
++RtApiWasapi::~RtApiWasapi()
++{
++  if ( stream_.state != STREAM_CLOSED )
++    closeStream();
 +
-+// Count the available ports containing the client name as device
-+// channels.  Jack "input ports" equal RtAudio output channels.
-+unsigned int nChannels = 0;
-+ports = jack_get_ports( client, info.name.c_str(), NULL, JackPortIsInput );
-+if ( ports ) {
-+while ( ports[ nChannels ] ) nChannels++;
-+free( ports );
-+info.outputChannels = nChannels;
-+}
++  SAFE_RELEASE( deviceEnumerator_ );
 +
-+// Jack "output ports" equal RtAudio input channels.
-+nChannels = 0;
-+ports = jack_get_ports( client, info.name.c_str(), NULL, JackPortIsOutput );
-+if ( ports ) {
-+while ( ports[ nChannels ] ) nChannels++;
-+free( ports );
-+info.inputChannels = nChannels;
++  // If this object previously called CoInitialize()
++  if ( coInitialized_ )
++    CoUninitialize();
 +}
 +
-+if ( info.outputChannels == 0 && info.inputChannels == 0 ) {
-+jack_client_close(client);
-+errorText_ = "RtApiJack::getDeviceInfo: error determining Jack input/output channels!";
-+error( RtAudioError::WARNING );
-+return info;
-+}
++//=============================================================================
 +
-+// If device opens for both playback and capture, we determine the channels.
-+if ( info.outputChannels > 0 && info.inputChannels > 0 )
-+info.duplexChannels = (info.outputChannels > info.inputChannels) ? info.inputChannels : info.outputChannels;
++unsigned int RtApiWasapi::getDeviceCount( void )
++{
++  unsigned int captureDeviceCount = 0;
++  unsigned int renderDeviceCount = 0;
++
++  IMMDeviceCollection* captureDevices = NULL;
++  IMMDeviceCollection* renderDevices = NULL;
++
++  // Count capture devices
++  errorText_.clear();
++  HRESULT hr = deviceEnumerator_->EnumAudioEndpoints( eCapture, DEVICE_STATE_ACTIVE, &captureDevices );
++  if ( FAILED( hr ) ) {
++    errorText_ = "RtApiWasapi::getDeviceCount: Unable to retrieve capture device collection.";
++    goto Exit;
++  }
++
++  hr = captureDevices->GetCount( &captureDeviceCount );
++  if ( FAILED( hr ) ) {
++    errorText_ = "RtApiWasapi::getDeviceCount: Unable to retrieve capture device count.";
++    goto Exit;
++  }
++
++  // Count render devices
++  hr = deviceEnumerator_->EnumAudioEndpoints( eRender, DEVICE_STATE_ACTIVE, &renderDevices );
++  if ( FAILED( hr ) ) {
++    errorText_ = "RtApiWasapi::getDeviceCount: Unable to retrieve render device collection.";
++    goto Exit;
++  }
++
++  hr = renderDevices->GetCount( &renderDeviceCount );
++  if ( FAILED( hr ) ) {
++    errorText_ = "RtApiWasapi::getDeviceCount: Unable to retrieve render device count.";
++    goto Exit;
++  }
 +
-+// Jack always uses 32-bit floats.
-+info.nativeFormats = RTAUDIO_FLOAT32;
++Exit:
++  // release all references
++  SAFE_RELEASE( captureDevices );
++  SAFE_RELEASE( renderDevices );
 +
-+// Jack doesn't provide default devices so we'll use the first available one.
-+if ( device == 0 && info.outputChannels > 0 )
-+info.isDefaultOutput = true;
-+if ( device == 0 && info.inputChannels > 0 )
-+info.isDefaultInput = true;
++  if ( errorText_.empty() )
++    return captureDeviceCount + renderDeviceCount;
 +
-+jack_client_close(client);
-+info.probed = true;
-+return info;
++  error( RtAudioError::DRIVER_ERROR );
++  return 0;
 +}
 +
-+static int jackCallbackHandler( jack_nframes_t nframes, void *infoPointer )
++//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
++
++RtAudio::DeviceInfo RtApiWasapi::getDeviceInfo( unsigned int device )
 +{
-+CallbackInfo *info = (CallbackInfo *) infoPointer;
++  RtAudio::DeviceInfo info;
++  unsigned int captureDeviceCount = 0;
++  unsigned int renderDeviceCount = 0;
++  std::string defaultDeviceName;
++  bool isCaptureDevice = false;
++
++  PROPVARIANT deviceNameProp;
++  PROPVARIANT defaultDeviceNameProp;
++
++  IMMDeviceCollection* captureDevices = NULL;
++  IMMDeviceCollection* renderDevices = NULL;
++  IMMDevice* devicePtr = NULL;
++  IMMDevice* defaultDevicePtr = NULL;
++  IAudioClient* audioClient = NULL;
++  IPropertyStore* devicePropStore = NULL;
++  IPropertyStore* defaultDevicePropStore = NULL;
++
++  WAVEFORMATEX* deviceFormat = NULL;
++  WAVEFORMATEX* closestMatchFormat = NULL;
++
++  // probed
++  info.probed = false;
++
++  // Count capture devices
++  errorText_.clear();
++  RtAudioError::Type errorType = RtAudioError::DRIVER_ERROR;
++  HRESULT hr = deviceEnumerator_->EnumAudioEndpoints( eCapture, DEVICE_STATE_ACTIVE, &captureDevices );
++  if ( FAILED( hr ) ) {
++    errorText_ = "RtApiWasapi::getDeviceInfo: Unable to retrieve capture device collection.";
++    goto Exit;
++  }
++
++  hr = captureDevices->GetCount( &captureDeviceCount );
++  if ( FAILED( hr ) ) {
++    errorText_ = "RtApiWasapi::getDeviceInfo: Unable to retrieve capture device count.";
++    goto Exit;
++  }
++
++  // Count render devices
++  hr = deviceEnumerator_->EnumAudioEndpoints( eRender, DEVICE_STATE_ACTIVE, &renderDevices );
++  if ( FAILED( hr ) ) {
++    errorText_ = "RtApiWasapi::getDeviceInfo: Unable to retrieve render device collection.";
++    goto Exit;
++  }
++
++  hr = renderDevices->GetCount( &renderDeviceCount );
++  if ( FAILED( hr ) ) {
++    errorText_ = "RtApiWasapi::getDeviceInfo: Unable to retrieve render device count.";
++    goto Exit;
++  }
++
++  // validate device index
++  if ( device >= captureDeviceCount + renderDeviceCount ) {
++    errorText_ = "RtApiWasapi::getDeviceInfo: Invalid device index.";
++    errorType = RtAudioError::INVALID_USE;
++    goto Exit;
++  }
++
++  // determine whether index falls within capture or render devices
++  if ( device >= renderDeviceCount ) {
++    hr = captureDevices->Item( device - renderDeviceCount, &devicePtr );
++    if ( FAILED( hr ) ) {
++      errorText_ = "RtApiWasapi::getDeviceInfo: Unable to retrieve capture device handle.";
++      goto Exit;
++    }
++    isCaptureDevice = true;
++  }
++  else {
++    hr = renderDevices->Item( device, &devicePtr );
++    if ( FAILED( hr ) ) {
++      errorText_ = "RtApiWasapi::getDeviceInfo: Unable to retrieve render device handle.";
++      goto Exit;
++    }
++    isCaptureDevice = false;
++  }
++
++  // get default device name
++  if ( isCaptureDevice ) {
++    hr = deviceEnumerator_->GetDefaultAudioEndpoint( eCapture, eConsole, &defaultDevicePtr );
++    if ( FAILED( hr ) ) {
++      errorText_ = "RtApiWasapi::getDeviceInfo: Unable to retrieve default capture device handle.";
++      goto Exit;
++    }
++  }
++  else {
++    hr = deviceEnumerator_->GetDefaultAudioEndpoint( eRender, eConsole, &defaultDevicePtr );
++    if ( FAILED( hr ) ) {
++      errorText_ = "RtApiWasapi::getDeviceInfo: Unable to retrieve default render device handle.";
++      goto Exit;
++    }
++  }
++
++  hr = defaultDevicePtr->OpenPropertyStore( STGM_READ, &defaultDevicePropStore );
++  if ( FAILED( hr ) ) {
++    errorText_ = "RtApiWasapi::getDeviceInfo: Unable to open default device property store.";
++    goto Exit;
++  }
++  PropVariantInit( &defaultDeviceNameProp );
++
++  hr = defaultDevicePropStore->GetValue( PKEY_Device_FriendlyName, &defaultDeviceNameProp );
++  if ( FAILED( hr ) ) {
++    errorText_ = "RtApiWasapi::getDeviceInfo: Unable to retrieve default device property: PKEY_Device_FriendlyName.";
++    goto Exit;
++  }
++
++  defaultDeviceName = convertCharPointerToStdString(defaultDeviceNameProp.pwszVal);
++
++  // name
++  hr = devicePtr->OpenPropertyStore( STGM_READ, &devicePropStore );
++  if ( FAILED( hr ) ) {
++    errorText_ = "RtApiWasapi::getDeviceInfo: Unable to open device property store.";
++    goto Exit;
++  }
++
++  PropVariantInit( &deviceNameProp );
++
++  hr = devicePropStore->GetValue( PKEY_Device_FriendlyName, &deviceNameProp );
++  if ( FAILED( hr ) ) {
++    errorText_ = "RtApiWasapi::getDeviceInfo: Unable to retrieve device property: PKEY_Device_FriendlyName.";
++    goto Exit;
++  }
++
++  info.name =convertCharPointerToStdString(deviceNameProp.pwszVal);
++
++  // is default
++  if ( isCaptureDevice ) {
++    info.isDefaultInput = info.name == defaultDeviceName;
++    info.isDefaultOutput = false;
++  }
++  else {
++    info.isDefaultInput = false;
++    info.isDefaultOutput = info.name == defaultDeviceName;
++  }
++
++  // channel count
++  hr = devicePtr->Activate( __uuidof( IAudioClient ), CLSCTX_ALL, NULL, ( void** ) &audioClient );
++  if ( FAILED( hr ) ) {
++    errorText_ = "RtApiWasapi::getDeviceInfo: Unable to retrieve device audio client.";
++    goto Exit;
++  }
++
++  hr = audioClient->GetMixFormat( &deviceFormat );
++  if ( FAILED( hr ) ) {
++    errorText_ = "RtApiWasapi::getDeviceInfo: Unable to retrieve device mix format.";
++    goto Exit;
++  }
++
++  if ( isCaptureDevice ) {
++    info.inputChannels = deviceFormat->nChannels;
++    info.outputChannels = 0;
++    info.duplexChannels = 0;
++  }
++  else {
++    info.inputChannels = 0;
++    info.outputChannels = deviceFormat->nChannels;
++    info.duplexChannels = 0;
++  }
++
++  // sample rates
++  info.sampleRates.clear();
++
++  // allow support for all sample rates as we have a built-in sample rate converter
++  for ( unsigned int i = 0; i < MAX_SAMPLE_RATES; i++ ) {
++    info.sampleRates.push_back( SAMPLE_RATES[i] );
++  }
++  info.preferredSampleRate = deviceFormat->nSamplesPerSec;
++
++  // native format
++  info.nativeFormats = 0;
++
++  if ( deviceFormat->wFormatTag == WAVE_FORMAT_IEEE_FLOAT ||
++       ( deviceFormat->wFormatTag == WAVE_FORMAT_EXTENSIBLE &&
++         ( ( WAVEFORMATEXTENSIBLE* ) deviceFormat )->SubFormat == KSDATAFORMAT_SUBTYPE_IEEE_FLOAT ) )
++  {
++    if ( deviceFormat->wBitsPerSample == 32 ) {
++      info.nativeFormats |= RTAUDIO_FLOAT32;
++    }
++    else if ( deviceFormat->wBitsPerSample == 64 ) {
++      info.nativeFormats |= RTAUDIO_FLOAT64;
++    }
++  }
++  else if ( deviceFormat->wFormatTag == WAVE_FORMAT_PCM ||
++           ( deviceFormat->wFormatTag == WAVE_FORMAT_EXTENSIBLE &&
++             ( ( WAVEFORMATEXTENSIBLE* ) deviceFormat )->SubFormat == KSDATAFORMAT_SUBTYPE_PCM ) )
++  {
++    if ( deviceFormat->wBitsPerSample == 8 ) {
++      info.nativeFormats |= RTAUDIO_SINT8;
++    }
++    else if ( deviceFormat->wBitsPerSample == 16 ) {
++      info.nativeFormats |= RTAUDIO_SINT16;
++    }
++    else if ( deviceFormat->wBitsPerSample == 24 ) {
++      info.nativeFormats |= RTAUDIO_SINT24;
++    }
++    else if ( deviceFormat->wBitsPerSample == 32 ) {
++      info.nativeFormats |= RTAUDIO_SINT32;
++    }
++  }
++
++  // probed
++  info.probed = true;
 +
-+RtApiJack *object = (RtApiJack *) info->object;
-+if ( object->callbackEvent( (unsigned long) nframes ) == false ) return 1;
++Exit:
++  // release all references
++  PropVariantClear( &deviceNameProp );
++  PropVariantClear( &defaultDeviceNameProp );
 +
-+return 0;
-+}
++  SAFE_RELEASE( captureDevices );
++  SAFE_RELEASE( renderDevices );
++  SAFE_RELEASE( devicePtr );
++  SAFE_RELEASE( defaultDevicePtr );
++  SAFE_RELEASE( audioClient );
++  SAFE_RELEASE( devicePropStore );
++  SAFE_RELEASE( defaultDevicePropStore );
 +
-+// This function will be called by a spawned thread when the Jack
-+// server signals that it is shutting down.  It is necessary to handle
-+// it this way because the jackShutdown() function must return before
-+// the jack_deactivate() function (in closeStream()) will return.
-+static void *jackCloseStream( void *ptr )
-+{
-+CallbackInfo *info = (CallbackInfo *) ptr;
-+RtApiJack *object = (RtApiJack *) info->object;
++  CoTaskMemFree( deviceFormat );
++  CoTaskMemFree( closestMatchFormat );
 +
-+object->closeStream();
-+
-+pthread_exit( NULL );
++  if ( !errorText_.empty() )
++    error( errorType );
++  return info;
 +}
-+static void jackShutdown( void *infoPointer )
++
++//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
++
++unsigned int RtApiWasapi::getDefaultOutputDevice( void )
 +{
-+CallbackInfo *info = (CallbackInfo *) infoPointer;
-+RtApiJack *object = (RtApiJack *) info->object;
-+
-+// Check current stream state.  If stopped, then we'll assume this
-+// was called as a result of a call to RtApiJack::stopStream (the
-+// deactivation of a client handle causes this function to be called).
-+// If not, we'll assume the Jack server is shutting down or some
-+// other problem occurred and we should close the stream.
-+if ( object->isStreamRunning() == false ) return;
-+
-+ThreadHandle threadId;
-+pthread_create( &threadId, NULL, jackCloseStream, info );
-+std::cerr << "\nRtApiJack: the Jack server is shutting down this client ... stream stopped and closed!!\n" << std::endl;
++  for ( unsigned int i = 0; i < getDeviceCount(); i++ ) {
++    if ( getDeviceInfo( i ).isDefaultOutput ) {
++      return i;
++    }
++  }
++
++  return 0;
 +}
 +
-+static int jackXrun( void *infoPointer )
-+{
-+JackHandle *handle = (JackHandle *) infoPointer;
++//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 +
-+if ( handle->ports[0] ) handle->xrun[0] = true;
-+if ( handle->ports[1] ) handle->xrun[1] = true;
++unsigned int RtApiWasapi::getDefaultInputDevice( void )
++{
++  for ( unsigned int i = 0; i < getDeviceCount(); i++ ) {
++    if ( getDeviceInfo( i ).isDefaultInput ) {
++      return i;
++    }
++  }
 +
-+return 0;
++  return 0;
 +}
 +
-+bool RtApiJack :: probeDeviceOpen( unsigned int device, StreamMode mode, unsigned int channels,
-+unsigned int firstChannel, unsigned int sampleRate,
-+RtAudioFormat format, unsigned int *bufferSize,
-+RtAudio::StreamOptions *options )
++//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
++
++void RtApiWasapi::closeStream( void )
 +{
-+JackHandle *handle = (JackHandle *) stream_.apiHandle;
-+
-+// Look for jack server and try to become a client (only do once per stream).
-+jack_client_t *client = 0;
-+if ( mode == OUTPUT || ( mode == INPUT && stream_.mode != OUTPUT ) ) {
-+jack_options_t jackoptions = (jack_options_t) ( JackNoStartServer ); //JackNullOption;
-+jack_status_t *status = NULL;
-+if ( options && !options->streamName.empty() )
-+client = jack_client_open( options->streamName.c_str(), jackoptions, status );
-+else
-+client = jack_client_open( "RtApiJack", jackoptions, status );
-+if ( client == 0 ) {
-+errorText_ = "RtApiJack::probeDeviceOpen: Jack server not found or connection error!";
-+error( RtAudioError::WARNING );
-+return FAILURE;
-+}
-+}
-+else {
-+// The handle must have been created on an earlier pass.
-+client = handle->client;
-+}
++  if ( stream_.state == STREAM_CLOSED ) {
++    errorText_ = "RtApiWasapi::closeStream: No open stream to close.";
++    error( RtAudioError::WARNING );
++    return;
++  }
 +
-+const char **ports;
-+std::string port, previousPort, deviceName;
-+unsigned int nPorts = 0, nDevices = 0;
-+ports = jack_get_ports( client, NULL, NULL, 0 );
-+if ( ports ) {
-+// Parse the port names up to the first colon (:).
-+size_t iColon = 0;
-+do {
-+port = (char *) ports[ nPorts ];
-+iColon = port.find(":");
-+if ( iColon != std::string::npos ) {
-+port = port.substr( 0, iColon );
-+if ( port != previousPort ) {
-+if ( nDevices == device ) deviceName = port;
-+nDevices++;
-+previousPort = port;
-+}
-+}
-+} while ( ports[++nPorts] );
-+free( ports );
-+}
++  if ( stream_.state != STREAM_STOPPED )
++    stopStream();
 +
-+if ( device >= nDevices ) {
-+errorText_ = "RtApiJack::probeDeviceOpen: device ID is invalid!";
-+return FAILURE;
-+}
++  // clean up stream memory
++  SAFE_RELEASE( ( ( WasapiHandle* ) stream_.apiHandle )->captureAudioClient )
++  SAFE_RELEASE( ( ( WasapiHandle* ) stream_.apiHandle )->renderAudioClient )
 +
-+// Count the available ports containing the client name as device
-+// channels.  Jack "input ports" equal RtAudio output channels.
-+unsigned int nChannels = 0;
-+unsigned long flag = JackPortIsInput;
-+if ( mode == INPUT ) flag = JackPortIsOutput;
-+ports = jack_get_ports( client, deviceName.c_str(), NULL, flag );
-+if ( ports ) {
-+while ( ports[ nChannels ] ) nChannels++;
-+free( ports );
-+}
++  SAFE_RELEASE( ( ( WasapiHandle* ) stream_.apiHandle )->captureClient )
++  SAFE_RELEASE( ( ( WasapiHandle* ) stream_.apiHandle )->renderClient )
 +
-+// Compare the jack ports for specified client to the requested number of channels.
-+if ( nChannels < (channels + firstChannel) ) {
-+errorStream_ << "RtApiJack::probeDeviceOpen: requested number of channels (" << channels << ") + offset (" << firstChannel << ") not found for specified device (" << device << ":" << deviceName << ").";
-+errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
-+return FAILURE;
-+}
++  if ( ( ( WasapiHandle* ) stream_.apiHandle )->captureEvent )
++    CloseHandle( ( ( WasapiHandle* ) stream_.apiHandle )->captureEvent );
 +
-+// Check the jack server sample rate.
-+unsigned int jackRate = jack_get_sample_rate( client );
-+if ( sampleRate != jackRate ) {
-+jack_client_close( client );
-+errorStream_ << "RtApiJack::probeDeviceOpen: the requested sample rate (" << sampleRate << ") is different than the JACK server rate (" << jackRate << ").";
-+errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
-+return FAILURE;
-+}
-+stream_.sampleRate = jackRate;
-+
-+// Get the latency of the JACK port.
-+ports = jack_get_ports( client, deviceName.c_str(), NULL, flag );
-+if ( ports[ firstChannel ] ) {
-+// Added by Ge Wang
-+jack_latency_callback_mode_t cbmode = (mode == INPUT ? JackCaptureLatency : JackPlaybackLatency);
-+// the range (usually the min and max are equal)
-+jack_latency_range_t latrange; latrange.min = latrange.max = 0;
-+// get the latency range
-+jack_port_get_latency_range( jack_port_by_name( client, ports[firstChannel] ), cbmode, &latrange );
-+// be optimistic, use the min!
-+stream_.latency[mode] = latrange.min;
-+//stream_.latency[mode] = jack_port_get_latency( jack_port_by_name( client, ports[ firstChannel ] ) );
-+}
-+free( ports );
++  if ( ( ( WasapiHandle* ) stream_.apiHandle )->renderEvent )
++    CloseHandle( ( ( WasapiHandle* ) stream_.apiHandle )->renderEvent );
 +
-+// The jack server always uses 32-bit floating-point data.
-+stream_.deviceFormat[mode] = RTAUDIO_FLOAT32;
-+stream_.userFormat = format;
++  delete ( WasapiHandle* ) stream_.apiHandle;
++  stream_.apiHandle = NULL;
 +
-+if ( options && options->flags & RTAUDIO_NONINTERLEAVED ) stream_.userInterleaved = false;
-+else stream_.userInterleaved = true;
++  for ( int i = 0; i < 2; i++ ) {
++    if ( stream_.userBuffer[i] ) {
++      free( stream_.userBuffer[i] );
++      stream_.userBuffer[i] = 0;
++    }
++  }
 +
-+// Jack always uses non-interleaved buffers.
-+stream_.deviceInterleaved[mode] = false;
++  if ( stream_.deviceBuffer ) {
++    free( stream_.deviceBuffer );
++    stream_.deviceBuffer = 0;
++  }
 +
-+// Jack always provides host byte-ordered data.
-+stream_.doByteSwap[mode] = false;
++  // update stream state
++  stream_.state = STREAM_CLOSED;
++}
 +
-+// Get the buffer size.  The buffer size and number of buffers
-+// (periods) is set when the jack server is started.
-+stream_.bufferSize = (int) jack_get_buffer_size( client );
-+*bufferSize = stream_.bufferSize;
++//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 +
-+stream_.nDeviceChannels[mode] = channels;
-+stream_.nUserChannels[mode] = channels;
++void RtApiWasapi::startStream( void )
++{
++  verifyStream();
 +
-+// Set flags for buffer conversion.
-+stream_.doConvertBuffer[mode] = false;
-+if ( stream_.userFormat != stream_.deviceFormat[mode] )
-+stream_.doConvertBuffer[mode] = true;
-+if ( stream_.userInterleaved != stream_.deviceInterleaved[mode] &&
-+stream_.nUserChannels[mode] > 1 )
-+stream_.doConvertBuffer[mode] = true;
++  if ( stream_.state == STREAM_RUNNING ) {
++    errorText_ = "RtApiWasapi::startStream: The stream is already running.";
++    error( RtAudioError::WARNING );
++    return;
++  }
 +
-+// Allocate our JackHandle structure for the stream.
-+if ( handle == 0 ) {
-+try {
-+handle = new JackHandle;
-+}
-+catch ( std::bad_alloc& ) {
-+errorText_ = "RtApiJack::probeDeviceOpen: error allocating JackHandle memory.";
-+goto error;
-+}
++  // update stream state
++  stream_.state = STREAM_RUNNING;
 +
-+if ( pthread_cond_init(&handle->condition, NULL) ) {
-+errorText_ = "RtApiJack::probeDeviceOpen: error initializing pthread condition variable.";
-+goto error;
-+}
-+stream_.apiHandle = (void *) handle;
-+handle->client = client;
-+}
-+handle->deviceName[mode] = deviceName;
-+
-+// Allocate necessary internal buffers.
-+unsigned long bufferBytes;
-+bufferBytes = stream_.nUserChannels[mode] * *bufferSize * formatBytes( stream_.userFormat );
-+stream_.userBuffer[mode] = (char *) calloc( bufferBytes, 1 );
-+if ( stream_.userBuffer[mode] == NULL ) {
-+errorText_ = "RtApiJack::probeDeviceOpen: error allocating user buffer memory.";
-+goto error;
++  // create WASAPI stream thread
++  stream_.callbackInfo.thread = ( ThreadHandle ) CreateThread( NULL, 0, runWasapiThread, this, CREATE_SUSPENDED, NULL );
++
++  if ( !stream_.callbackInfo.thread ) {
++    errorText_ = "RtApiWasapi::startStream: Unable to instantiate callback thread.";
++    error( RtAudioError::THREAD_ERROR );
++  }
++  else {
++    SetThreadPriority( ( void* ) stream_.callbackInfo.thread, stream_.callbackInfo.priority );
++    ResumeThread( ( void* ) stream_.callbackInfo.thread );
++  }
 +}
 +
-+if ( stream_.doConvertBuffer[mode] ) {
++//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 +
-+bool makeBuffer = true;
-+if ( mode == OUTPUT )
-+bufferBytes = stream_.nDeviceChannels[0] * formatBytes( stream_.deviceFormat[0] );
-+else { // mode == INPUT
-+bufferBytes = stream_.nDeviceChannels[1] * formatBytes( stream_.deviceFormat[1] );
-+if ( stream_.mode == OUTPUT && stream_.deviceBuffer ) {
-+unsigned long bytesOut = stream_.nDeviceChannels[0] * formatBytes(stream_.deviceFormat[0]);
-+if ( bufferBytes < bytesOut ) makeBuffer = false;
-+}
++void RtApiWasapi::stopStream( void )
++{
++  verifyStream();
++
++  if ( stream_.state == STREAM_STOPPED ) {
++    errorText_ = "RtApiWasapi::stopStream: The stream is already stopped.";
++    error( RtAudioError::WARNING );
++    return;
++  }
++
++  // inform stream thread by setting stream state to STREAM_STOPPING
++  stream_.state = STREAM_STOPPING;
++
++  // wait until stream thread is stopped
++  while( stream_.state != STREAM_STOPPED ) {
++    Sleep( 1 );
++  }
++
++  // Wait for the last buffer to play before stopping.
++  Sleep( 1000 * stream_.bufferSize / stream_.sampleRate );
++
++  // stop capture client if applicable
++  if ( ( ( WasapiHandle* ) stream_.apiHandle )->captureAudioClient ) {
++    HRESULT hr = ( ( WasapiHandle* ) stream_.apiHandle )->captureAudioClient->Stop();
++    if ( FAILED( hr ) ) {
++      errorText_ = "RtApiWasapi::stopStream: Unable to stop capture stream.";
++      error( RtAudioError::DRIVER_ERROR );
++      return;
++    }
++  }
++
++  // stop render client if applicable
++  if ( ( ( WasapiHandle* ) stream_.apiHandle )->renderAudioClient ) {
++    HRESULT hr = ( ( WasapiHandle* ) stream_.apiHandle )->renderAudioClient->Stop();
++    if ( FAILED( hr ) ) {
++      errorText_ = "RtApiWasapi::stopStream: Unable to stop render stream.";
++      error( RtAudioError::DRIVER_ERROR );
++      return;
++    }
++  }
++
++  // close thread handle
++  if ( stream_.callbackInfo.thread && !CloseHandle( ( void* ) stream_.callbackInfo.thread ) ) {
++    errorText_ = "RtApiWasapi::stopStream: Unable to close callback thread.";
++    error( RtAudioError::THREAD_ERROR );
++    return;
++  }
++
++  stream_.callbackInfo.thread = (ThreadHandle) NULL;
 +}
 +
-+if ( makeBuffer ) {
-+bufferBytes *= *bufferSize;
-+if ( stream_.deviceBuffer ) free( stream_.deviceBuffer );
-+stream_.deviceBuffer = (char *) calloc( bufferBytes, 1 );
-+if ( stream_.deviceBuffer == NULL ) {
-+errorText_ = "RtApiJack::probeDeviceOpen: error allocating device buffer memory.";
-+goto error;
-+}
-+}
-+}
++//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 +
-+// Allocate memory for the Jack ports (channels) identifiers.
-+handle->ports[mode] = (jack_port_t **) malloc ( sizeof (jack_port_t *) * channels );
-+if ( handle->ports[mode] == NULL )  {
-+errorText_ = "RtApiJack::probeDeviceOpen: error allocating port memory.";
-+goto error;
++void RtApiWasapi::abortStream( void )
++{
++  verifyStream();
++
++  if ( stream_.state == STREAM_STOPPED ) {
++    errorText_ = "RtApiWasapi::abortStream: The stream is already stopped.";
++    error( RtAudioError::WARNING );
++    return;
++  }
++
++  // inform stream thread by setting stream state to STREAM_STOPPING
++  stream_.state = STREAM_STOPPING;
++
++  // wait until stream thread is stopped
++  while ( stream_.state != STREAM_STOPPED ) {
++    Sleep( 1 );
++  }
++
++  // stop capture client if applicable
++  if ( ( ( WasapiHandle* ) stream_.apiHandle )->captureAudioClient ) {
++    HRESULT hr = ( ( WasapiHandle* ) stream_.apiHandle )->captureAudioClient->Stop();
++    if ( FAILED( hr ) ) {
++      errorText_ = "RtApiWasapi::abortStream: Unable to stop capture stream.";
++      error( RtAudioError::DRIVER_ERROR );
++      return;
++    }
++  }
++
++  // stop render client if applicable
++  if ( ( ( WasapiHandle* ) stream_.apiHandle )->renderAudioClient ) {
++    HRESULT hr = ( ( WasapiHandle* ) stream_.apiHandle )->renderAudioClient->Stop();
++    if ( FAILED( hr ) ) {
++      errorText_ = "RtApiWasapi::abortStream: Unable to stop render stream.";
++      error( RtAudioError::DRIVER_ERROR );
++      return;
++    }
++  }
++
++  // close thread handle
++  if ( stream_.callbackInfo.thread && !CloseHandle( ( void* ) stream_.callbackInfo.thread ) ) {
++    errorText_ = "RtApiWasapi::abortStream: Unable to close callback thread.";
++    error( RtAudioError::THREAD_ERROR );
++    return;
++  }
++
++  stream_.callbackInfo.thread = (ThreadHandle) NULL;
 +}
 +
-+stream_.device[mode] = device;
-+stream_.channelOffset[mode] = firstChannel;
-+stream_.state = STREAM_STOPPED;
-+stream_.callbackInfo.object = (void *) this;
-+
-+if ( stream_.mode == OUTPUT && mode == INPUT )
-+// We had already set up the stream for output.
-+stream_.mode = DUPLEX;
-+else {
-+stream_.mode = mode;
-+jack_set_process_callback( handle->client, jackCallbackHandler, (void *) &stream_.callbackInfo );
-+jack_set_xrun_callback( handle->client, jackXrun, (void *) &handle );
-+jack_on_shutdown( handle->client, jackShutdown, (void *) &stream_.callbackInfo );
-+}
++//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 +
-+// Register our ports.
-+char label[64];
-+if ( mode == OUTPUT ) {
-+for ( unsigned int i=0; i<stream_.nUserChannels[0]; i++ ) {
-+snprintf( label, 64, "outport %d", i );
-+handle->ports[0][i] = jack_port_register( handle->client, (const char *)label,
-+JACK_DEFAULT_AUDIO_TYPE, JackPortIsOutput, 0 );
-+}
-+}
-+else {
-+for ( unsigned int i=0; i<stream_.nUserChannels[1]; i++ ) {
-+snprintf( label, 64, "inport %d", i );
-+handle->ports[1][i] = jack_port_register( handle->client, (const char *)label,
-+JACK_DEFAULT_AUDIO_TYPE, JackPortIsInput, 0 );
-+}
-+}
++bool RtApiWasapi::probeDeviceOpen( unsigned int device, StreamMode mode, unsigned int channels,
++                                   unsigned int firstChannel, unsigned int sampleRate,
++                                   RtAudioFormat format, unsigned int* bufferSize,
++                                   RtAudio::StreamOptions* options )
++{
++  bool methodResult = FAILURE;
++  unsigned int captureDeviceCount = 0;
++  unsigned int renderDeviceCount = 0;
++
++  IMMDeviceCollection* captureDevices = NULL;
++  IMMDeviceCollection* renderDevices = NULL;
++  IMMDevice* devicePtr = NULL;
++  WAVEFORMATEX* deviceFormat = NULL;
++  unsigned int bufferBytes;
++  stream_.state = STREAM_STOPPED;
++
++  // create API Handle if not already created
++  if ( !stream_.apiHandle )
++    stream_.apiHandle = ( void* ) new WasapiHandle();
++
++  // Count capture devices
++  errorText_.clear();
++  RtAudioError::Type errorType = RtAudioError::DRIVER_ERROR;
++  HRESULT hr = deviceEnumerator_->EnumAudioEndpoints( eCapture, DEVICE_STATE_ACTIVE, &captureDevices );
++  if ( FAILED( hr ) ) {
++    errorText_ = "RtApiWasapi::probeDeviceOpen: Unable to retrieve capture device collection.";
++    goto Exit;
++  }
++
++  hr = captureDevices->GetCount( &captureDeviceCount );
++  if ( FAILED( hr ) ) {
++    errorText_ = "RtApiWasapi::probeDeviceOpen: Unable to retrieve capture device count.";
++    goto Exit;
++  }
++
++  // Count render devices
++  hr = deviceEnumerator_->EnumAudioEndpoints( eRender, DEVICE_STATE_ACTIVE, &renderDevices );
++  if ( FAILED( hr ) ) {
++    errorText_ = "RtApiWasapi::probeDeviceOpen: Unable to retrieve render device collection.";
++    goto Exit;
++  }
++
++  hr = renderDevices->GetCount( &renderDeviceCount );
++  if ( FAILED( hr ) ) {
++    errorText_ = "RtApiWasapi::probeDeviceOpen: Unable to retrieve render device count.";
++    goto Exit;
++  }
++
++  // validate device index
++  if ( device >= captureDeviceCount + renderDeviceCount ) {
++    errorType = RtAudioError::INVALID_USE;
++    errorText_ = "RtApiWasapi::probeDeviceOpen: Invalid device index.";
++    goto Exit;
++  }
++
++  // determine whether index falls within capture or render devices
++  if ( device >= renderDeviceCount ) {
++    if ( mode != INPUT ) {
++      errorType = RtAudioError::INVALID_USE;
++      errorText_ = "RtApiWasapi::probeDeviceOpen: Capture device selected as output device.";
++      goto Exit;
++    }
++
++    // retrieve captureAudioClient from devicePtr
++    IAudioClient*& captureAudioClient = ( ( WasapiHandle* ) stream_.apiHandle )->captureAudioClient;
++
++    hr = captureDevices->Item( device - renderDeviceCount, &devicePtr );
++    if ( FAILED( hr ) ) {
++      errorText_ = "RtApiWasapi::probeDeviceOpen: Unable to retrieve capture device handle.";
++      goto Exit;
++    }
++
++    hr = devicePtr->Activate( __uuidof( IAudioClient ), CLSCTX_ALL,
++                              NULL, ( void** ) &captureAudioClient );
++    if ( FAILED( hr ) ) {
++      errorText_ = "RtApiWasapi::probeDeviceOpen: Unable to retrieve device audio client.";
++      goto Exit;
++    }
++
++    hr = captureAudioClient->GetMixFormat( &deviceFormat );
++    if ( FAILED( hr ) ) {
++      errorText_ = "RtApiWasapi::probeDeviceOpen: Unable to retrieve device mix format.";
++      goto Exit;
++    }
++
++    stream_.nDeviceChannels[mode] = deviceFormat->nChannels;
++    captureAudioClient->GetStreamLatency( ( long long* ) &stream_.latency[mode] );
++  }
++  else {
++    if ( mode != OUTPUT ) {
++      errorType = RtAudioError::INVALID_USE;
++      errorText_ = "RtApiWasapi::probeDeviceOpen: Render device selected as input device.";
++      goto Exit;
++    }
++
++    // retrieve renderAudioClient from devicePtr
++    IAudioClient*& renderAudioClient = ( ( WasapiHandle* ) stream_.apiHandle )->renderAudioClient;
++
++    hr = renderDevices->Item( device, &devicePtr );
++    if ( FAILED( hr ) ) {
++      errorText_ = "RtApiWasapi::probeDeviceOpen: Unable to retrieve render device handle.";
++      goto Exit;
++    }
++
++    hr = devicePtr->Activate( __uuidof( IAudioClient ), CLSCTX_ALL,
++                              NULL, ( void** ) &renderAudioClient );
++    if ( FAILED( hr ) ) {
++      errorText_ = "RtApiWasapi::probeDeviceOpen: Unable to retrieve device audio client.";
++      goto Exit;
++    }
++
++    hr = renderAudioClient->GetMixFormat( &deviceFormat );
++    if ( FAILED( hr ) ) {
++      errorText_ = "RtApiWasapi::probeDeviceOpen: Unable to retrieve device mix format.";
++      goto Exit;
++    }
++
++    stream_.nDeviceChannels[mode] = deviceFormat->nChannels;
++    renderAudioClient->GetStreamLatency( ( long long* ) &stream_.latency[mode] );
++  }
++
++  // fill stream data
++  if ( ( stream_.mode == OUTPUT && mode == INPUT ) ||
++       ( stream_.mode == INPUT && mode == OUTPUT ) ) {
++    stream_.mode = DUPLEX;
++  }
++  else {
++    stream_.mode = mode;
++  }
++
++  stream_.device[mode] = device;
++  stream_.doByteSwap[mode] = false;
++  stream_.sampleRate = sampleRate;
++  stream_.bufferSize = *bufferSize;
++  stream_.nBuffers = 1;
++  stream_.nUserChannels[mode] = channels;
++  stream_.channelOffset[mode] = firstChannel;
++  stream_.userFormat = format;
++  stream_.deviceFormat[mode] = getDeviceInfo( device ).nativeFormats;
++
++  if ( options && options->flags & RTAUDIO_NONINTERLEAVED )
++    stream_.userInterleaved = false;
++  else
++    stream_.userInterleaved = true;
++  stream_.deviceInterleaved[mode] = true;
++
++  // Set flags for buffer conversion.
++  stream_.doConvertBuffer[mode] = false;
++  if ( stream_.userFormat != stream_.deviceFormat[mode] ||
++       stream_.nUserChannels != stream_.nDeviceChannels )
++    stream_.doConvertBuffer[mode] = true;
++  else if ( stream_.userInterleaved != stream_.deviceInterleaved[mode] &&
++            stream_.nUserChannels[mode] > 1 )
++    stream_.doConvertBuffer[mode] = true;
++
++  if ( stream_.doConvertBuffer[mode] )
++    setConvertInfo( mode, 0 );
++
++  // Allocate necessary internal buffers
++  bufferBytes = stream_.nUserChannels[mode] * stream_.bufferSize * formatBytes( stream_.userFormat );
++
++  stream_.userBuffer[mode] = ( char* ) calloc( bufferBytes, 1 );
++  if ( !stream_.userBuffer[mode] ) {
++    errorType = RtAudioError::MEMORY_ERROR;
++    errorText_ = "RtApiWasapi::probeDeviceOpen: Error allocating user buffer memory.";
++    goto Exit;
++  }
++
++  if ( options && options->flags & RTAUDIO_SCHEDULE_REALTIME )
++    stream_.callbackInfo.priority = 15;
++  else
++    stream_.callbackInfo.priority = 0;
++
++  ///! TODO: RTAUDIO_MINIMIZE_LATENCY // Provide stream buffers directly to callback
++  ///! TODO: RTAUDIO_HOG_DEVICE       // Exclusive mode
++
++  methodResult = SUCCESS;
 +
-+// Setup the buffer conversion information structure.  We don't use
-+// buffers to do channel offsets, so we override that parameter
-+// here.
-+if ( stream_.doConvertBuffer[mode] ) setConvertInfo( mode, 0 );
++Exit:
++  //clean up
++  SAFE_RELEASE( captureDevices );
++  SAFE_RELEASE( renderDevices );
++  SAFE_RELEASE( devicePtr );
++  CoTaskMemFree( deviceFormat );
 +
-+if ( options && options->flags & RTAUDIO_JACK_DONT_CONNECT ) shouldAutoconnect_ = false;
++  // if method failed, close the stream
++  if ( methodResult == FAILURE )
++    closeStream();
 +
-+return SUCCESS;
++  if ( !errorText_.empty() )
++    error( errorType );
++  return methodResult;
++}
 +
-+error:
-+if ( handle ) {
-+pthread_cond_destroy( &handle->condition );
-+jack_client_close( handle->client );
++//=============================================================================
 +
-+if ( handle->ports[0] ) free( handle->ports[0] );
-+if ( handle->ports[1] ) free( handle->ports[1] );
++DWORD WINAPI RtApiWasapi::runWasapiThread( void* wasapiPtr )
++{
++  if ( wasapiPtr )
++    ( ( RtApiWasapi* ) wasapiPtr )->wasapiThread();
 +
-+delete handle;
-+stream_.apiHandle = 0;
++  return 0;
 +}
 +
-+for ( int i=0; i<2; i++ ) {
-+if ( stream_.userBuffer[i] ) {
-+free( stream_.userBuffer[i] );
-+stream_.userBuffer[i] = 0;
-+}
-+}
++DWORD WINAPI RtApiWasapi::stopWasapiThread( void* wasapiPtr )
++{
++  if ( wasapiPtr )
++    ( ( RtApiWasapi* ) wasapiPtr )->stopStream();
 +
-+if ( stream_.deviceBuffer ) {
-+free( stream_.deviceBuffer );
-+stream_.deviceBuffer = 0;
++  return 0;
 +}
 +
-+return FAILURE;
++DWORD WINAPI RtApiWasapi::abortWasapiThread( void* wasapiPtr )
++{
++  if ( wasapiPtr )
++    ( ( RtApiWasapi* ) wasapiPtr )->abortStream();
++
++  return 0;
 +}
 +
-+void RtApiJack :: closeStream( void )
++//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
++
++void RtApiWasapi::wasapiThread()
 +{
-+if ( stream_.state == STREAM_CLOSED ) {
-+errorText_ = "RtApiJack::closeStream(): no open stream to close!";
-+error( RtAudioError::WARNING );
-+return;
-+}
++  // as this is a new thread, we must CoInitialize it
++  CoInitialize( NULL );
++
++  HRESULT hr;
++
++  IAudioClient* captureAudioClient = ( ( WasapiHandle* ) stream_.apiHandle )->captureAudioClient;
++  IAudioClient* renderAudioClient = ( ( WasapiHandle* ) stream_.apiHandle )->renderAudioClient;
++  IAudioCaptureClient* captureClient = ( ( WasapiHandle* ) stream_.apiHandle )->captureClient;
++  IAudioRenderClient* renderClient = ( ( WasapiHandle* ) stream_.apiHandle )->renderClient;
++  HANDLE captureEvent = ( ( WasapiHandle* ) stream_.apiHandle )->captureEvent;
++  HANDLE renderEvent = ( ( WasapiHandle* ) stream_.apiHandle )->renderEvent;
++
++  WAVEFORMATEX* captureFormat = NULL;
++  WAVEFORMATEX* renderFormat = NULL;
++  float captureSrRatio = 0.0f;
++  float renderSrRatio = 0.0f;
++  WasapiBuffer captureBuffer;
++  WasapiBuffer renderBuffer;
++
++  // declare local stream variables
++  RtAudioCallback callback = ( RtAudioCallback ) stream_.callbackInfo.callback;
++  BYTE* streamBuffer = NULL;
++  unsigned long captureFlags = 0;
++  unsigned int bufferFrameCount = 0;
++  unsigned int numFramesPadding = 0;
++  unsigned int convBufferSize = 0;
++  bool callbackPushed = false;
++  bool callbackPulled = false;
++  bool callbackStopped = false;
++  int callbackResult = 0;
++
++  // convBuffer is used to store converted buffers between WASAPI and the user
++  char* convBuffer = NULL;
++  unsigned int convBuffSize = 0;
++  unsigned int deviceBuffSize = 0;
++
++  errorText_.clear();
++  RtAudioError::Type errorType = RtAudioError::DRIVER_ERROR;
++
++  // Attempt to assign "Pro Audio" characteristic to thread
++  HMODULE AvrtDll = LoadLibrary( (LPCTSTR) "AVRT.dll" );
++  if ( AvrtDll ) {
++    DWORD taskIndex = 0;
++    TAvSetMmThreadCharacteristicsPtr AvSetMmThreadCharacteristicsPtr = ( TAvSetMmThreadCharacteristicsPtr ) GetProcAddress( AvrtDll, "AvSetMmThreadCharacteristicsW" );
++    AvSetMmThreadCharacteristicsPtr( L"Pro Audio", &taskIndex );
++    FreeLibrary( AvrtDll );
++  }
++
++  // start capture stream if applicable
++  if ( captureAudioClient ) {
++    hr = captureAudioClient->GetMixFormat( &captureFormat );
++    if ( FAILED( hr ) ) {
++      errorText_ = "RtApiWasapi::wasapiThread: Unable to retrieve device mix format.";
++      goto Exit;
++    }
++
++    captureSrRatio = ( ( float ) captureFormat->nSamplesPerSec / stream_.sampleRate );
++
++    // initialize capture stream according to desire buffer size
++    float desiredBufferSize = stream_.bufferSize * captureSrRatio;
++    REFERENCE_TIME desiredBufferPeriod = ( REFERENCE_TIME ) ( ( float ) desiredBufferSize * 10000000 / captureFormat->nSamplesPerSec );
++
++    if ( !captureClient ) {
++      hr = captureAudioClient->Initialize( AUDCLNT_SHAREMODE_SHARED,
++                                           AUDCLNT_STREAMFLAGS_EVENTCALLBACK,
++                                           desiredBufferPeriod,
++                                           desiredBufferPeriod,
++                                           captureFormat,
++                                           NULL );
++      if ( FAILED( hr ) ) {
++        errorText_ = "RtApiWasapi::wasapiThread: Unable to initialize capture audio client.";
++        goto Exit;
++      }
++
++      hr = captureAudioClient->GetService( __uuidof( IAudioCaptureClient ),
++                                           ( void** ) &captureClient );
++      if ( FAILED( hr ) ) {
++        errorText_ = "RtApiWasapi::wasapiThread: Unable to retrieve capture client handle.";
++        goto Exit;
++      }
++
++      // configure captureEvent to trigger on every available capture buffer
++      captureEvent = CreateEvent( NULL, FALSE, FALSE, NULL );
++      if ( !captureEvent ) {
++        errorType = RtAudioError::SYSTEM_ERROR;
++        errorText_ = "RtApiWasapi::wasapiThread: Unable to create capture event.";
++        goto Exit;
++      }
++
++      hr = captureAudioClient->SetEventHandle( captureEvent );
++      if ( FAILED( hr ) ) {
++        errorText_ = "RtApiWasapi::wasapiThread: Unable to set capture event handle.";
++        goto Exit;
++      }
++
++      ( ( WasapiHandle* ) stream_.apiHandle )->captureClient = captureClient;
++      ( ( WasapiHandle* ) stream_.apiHandle )->captureEvent = captureEvent;
++    }
++
++    unsigned int inBufferSize = 0;
++    hr = captureAudioClient->GetBufferSize( &inBufferSize );
++    if ( FAILED( hr ) ) {
++      errorText_ = "RtApiWasapi::wasapiThread: Unable to get capture buffer size.";
++      goto Exit;
++    }
++
++    // scale outBufferSize according to stream->user sample rate ratio
++    unsigned int outBufferSize = ( unsigned int ) ( stream_.bufferSize * captureSrRatio ) * stream_.nDeviceChannels[INPUT];
++    inBufferSize *= stream_.nDeviceChannels[INPUT];
++
++    // set captureBuffer size
++    captureBuffer.setBufferSize( inBufferSize + outBufferSize, formatBytes( stream_.deviceFormat[INPUT] ) );
++
++    // reset the capture stream
++    hr = captureAudioClient->Reset();
++    if ( FAILED( hr ) ) {
++      errorText_ = "RtApiWasapi::wasapiThread: Unable to reset capture stream.";
++      goto Exit;
++    }
++
++    // start the capture stream
++    hr = captureAudioClient->Start();
++    if ( FAILED( hr ) ) {
++      errorText_ = "RtApiWasapi::wasapiThread: Unable to start capture stream.";
++      goto Exit;
++    }
++  }
++
++  // start render stream if applicable
++  if ( renderAudioClient ) {
++    hr = renderAudioClient->GetMixFormat( &renderFormat );
++    if ( FAILED( hr ) ) {
++      errorText_ = "RtApiWasapi::wasapiThread: Unable to retrieve device mix format.";
++      goto Exit;
++    }
++
++    renderSrRatio = ( ( float ) renderFormat->nSamplesPerSec / stream_.sampleRate );
++
++    // initialize render stream according to desire buffer size
++    float desiredBufferSize = stream_.bufferSize * renderSrRatio;
++    REFERENCE_TIME desiredBufferPeriod = ( REFERENCE_TIME ) ( ( float ) desiredBufferSize * 10000000 / renderFormat->nSamplesPerSec );
++
++    if ( !renderClient ) {
++      hr = renderAudioClient->Initialize( AUDCLNT_SHAREMODE_SHARED,
++                                          AUDCLNT_STREAMFLAGS_EVENTCALLBACK,
++                                          desiredBufferPeriod,
++                                          desiredBufferPeriod,
++                                          renderFormat,
++                                          NULL );
++      if ( FAILED( hr ) ) {
++        errorText_ = "RtApiWasapi::wasapiThread: Unable to initialize render audio client.";
++        goto Exit;
++      }
++
++      hr = renderAudioClient->GetService( __uuidof( IAudioRenderClient ),
++                                          ( void** ) &renderClient );
++      if ( FAILED( hr ) ) {
++        errorText_ = "RtApiWasapi::wasapiThread: Unable to retrieve render client handle.";
++        goto Exit;
++      }
++
++      // configure renderEvent to trigger on every available render buffer
++      renderEvent = CreateEvent( NULL, FALSE, FALSE, NULL );
++      if ( !renderEvent ) {
++        errorType = RtAudioError::SYSTEM_ERROR;
++        errorText_ = "RtApiWasapi::wasapiThread: Unable to create render event.";
++        goto Exit;
++      }
++
++      hr = renderAudioClient->SetEventHandle( renderEvent );
++      if ( FAILED( hr ) ) {
++        errorText_ = "RtApiWasapi::wasapiThread: Unable to set render event handle.";
++        goto Exit;
++      }
++
++      ( ( WasapiHandle* ) stream_.apiHandle )->renderClient = renderClient;
++      ( ( WasapiHandle* ) stream_.apiHandle )->renderEvent = renderEvent;
++    }
++
++    unsigned int outBufferSize = 0;
++    hr = renderAudioClient->GetBufferSize( &outBufferSize );
++    if ( FAILED( hr ) ) {
++      errorText_ = "RtApiWasapi::wasapiThread: Unable to get render buffer size.";
++      goto Exit;
++    }
++
++    // scale inBufferSize according to user->stream sample rate ratio
++    unsigned int inBufferSize = ( unsigned int ) ( stream_.bufferSize * renderSrRatio ) * stream_.nDeviceChannels[OUTPUT];
++    outBufferSize *= stream_.nDeviceChannels[OUTPUT];
++
++    // set renderBuffer size
++    renderBuffer.setBufferSize( inBufferSize + outBufferSize, formatBytes( stream_.deviceFormat[OUTPUT] ) );
++
++    // reset the render stream
++    hr = renderAudioClient->Reset();
++    if ( FAILED( hr ) ) {
++      errorText_ = "RtApiWasapi::wasapiThread: Unable to reset render stream.";
++      goto Exit;
++    }
++
++    // start the render stream
++    hr = renderAudioClient->Start();
++    if ( FAILED( hr ) ) {
++      errorText_ = "RtApiWasapi::wasapiThread: Unable to start render stream.";
++      goto Exit;
++    }
++  }
++
++  if ( stream_.mode == INPUT ) {
++    convBuffSize = ( size_t ) ( stream_.bufferSize * captureSrRatio ) * stream_.nDeviceChannels[INPUT] * formatBytes( stream_.deviceFormat[INPUT] );
++    deviceBuffSize = stream_.bufferSize * stream_.nDeviceChannels[INPUT] * formatBytes( stream_.deviceFormat[INPUT] );
++  }
++  else if ( stream_.mode == OUTPUT ) {
++    convBuffSize = ( size_t ) ( stream_.bufferSize * renderSrRatio ) * stream_.nDeviceChannels[OUTPUT] * formatBytes( stream_.deviceFormat[OUTPUT] );
++    deviceBuffSize = stream_.bufferSize * stream_.nDeviceChannels[OUTPUT] * formatBytes( stream_.deviceFormat[OUTPUT] );
++  }
++  else if ( stream_.mode == DUPLEX ) {
++    convBuffSize = std::max( ( size_t ) ( stream_.bufferSize * captureSrRatio ) * stream_.nDeviceChannels[INPUT] * formatBytes( stream_.deviceFormat[INPUT] ),
++                             ( size_t ) ( stream_.bufferSize * renderSrRatio ) * stream_.nDeviceChannels[OUTPUT] * formatBytes( stream_.deviceFormat[OUTPUT] ) );
++    deviceBuffSize = std::max( stream_.bufferSize * stream_.nDeviceChannels[INPUT] * formatBytes( stream_.deviceFormat[INPUT] ),
++                               stream_.bufferSize * stream_.nDeviceChannels[OUTPUT] * formatBytes( stream_.deviceFormat[OUTPUT] ) );
++  }
++
++  convBuffer = ( char* ) malloc( convBuffSize );
++  stream_.deviceBuffer = ( char* ) malloc( deviceBuffSize );
++  if ( !convBuffer || !stream_.deviceBuffer ) {
++    errorType = RtAudioError::MEMORY_ERROR;
++    errorText_ = "RtApiWasapi::wasapiThread: Error allocating device buffer memory.";
++    goto Exit;
++  }
++
++  // stream process loop
++  while ( stream_.state != STREAM_STOPPING ) {
++    if ( !callbackPulled ) {
++      // Callback Input
++      // ==============
++      // 1. Pull callback buffer from inputBuffer
++      // 2. If 1. was successful: Convert callback buffer to user sample rate and channel count
++      //                          Convert callback buffer to user format
++
++      if ( captureAudioClient ) {
++        // Pull callback buffer from inputBuffer
++        callbackPulled = captureBuffer.pullBuffer( convBuffer,
++                                                   ( unsigned int ) ( stream_.bufferSize * captureSrRatio ) * stream_.nDeviceChannels[INPUT],
++                                                   stream_.deviceFormat[INPUT] );
++
++        if ( callbackPulled ) {
++          // Convert callback buffer to user sample rate
++          convertBufferWasapi( stream_.deviceBuffer,
++                               convBuffer,
++                               stream_.nDeviceChannels[INPUT],
++                               captureFormat->nSamplesPerSec,
++                               stream_.sampleRate,
++                               ( unsigned int ) ( stream_.bufferSize * captureSrRatio ),
++                               convBufferSize,
++                               stream_.deviceFormat[INPUT] );
++
++          if ( stream_.doConvertBuffer[INPUT] ) {
++            // Convert callback buffer to user format
++            convertBuffer( stream_.userBuffer[INPUT],
++                           stream_.deviceBuffer,
++                           stream_.convertInfo[INPUT] );
++          }
++          else {
++            // no further conversion, simple copy deviceBuffer to userBuffer
++            memcpy( stream_.userBuffer[INPUT],
++                    stream_.deviceBuffer,
++                    stream_.bufferSize * stream_.nUserChannels[INPUT] * formatBytes( stream_.userFormat ) );
++          }
++        }
++      }
++      else {
++        // if there is no capture stream, set callbackPulled flag
++        callbackPulled = true;
++      }
++
++      // Execute Callback
++      // ================
++      // 1. Execute user callback method
++      // 2. Handle return value from callback
++
++      // if callback has not requested the stream to stop
++      if ( callbackPulled && !callbackStopped ) {
++        // Execute user callback method
++        callbackResult = callback( stream_.userBuffer[OUTPUT],
++                                   stream_.userBuffer[INPUT],
++                                   stream_.bufferSize,
++                                   getStreamTime(),
++                                   captureFlags & AUDCLNT_BUFFERFLAGS_DATA_DISCONTINUITY ? RTAUDIO_INPUT_OVERFLOW : 0,
++                                   stream_.callbackInfo.userData );
++
++        // Handle return value from callback
++        if ( callbackResult == 1 ) {
++          // instantiate a thread to stop this thread
++          HANDLE threadHandle = CreateThread( NULL, 0, stopWasapiThread, this, 0, NULL );
++          if ( !threadHandle ) {
++            errorType = RtAudioError::THREAD_ERROR;
++            errorText_ = "RtApiWasapi::wasapiThread: Unable to instantiate stream stop thread.";
++            goto Exit;
++          }
++          else if ( !CloseHandle( threadHandle ) ) {
++            errorType = RtAudioError::THREAD_ERROR;
++            errorText_ = "RtApiWasapi::wasapiThread: Unable to close stream stop thread handle.";
++            goto Exit;
++          }
++
++          callbackStopped = true;
++        }
++        else if ( callbackResult == 2 ) {
++          // instantiate a thread to stop this thread
++          HANDLE threadHandle = CreateThread( NULL, 0, abortWasapiThread, this, 0, NULL );
++          if ( !threadHandle ) {
++            errorType = RtAudioError::THREAD_ERROR;
++            errorText_ = "RtApiWasapi::wasapiThread: Unable to instantiate stream abort thread.";
++            goto Exit;
++          }
++          else if ( !CloseHandle( threadHandle ) ) {
++            errorType = RtAudioError::THREAD_ERROR;
++            errorText_ = "RtApiWasapi::wasapiThread: Unable to close stream abort thread handle.";
++            goto Exit;
++          }
++
++          callbackStopped = true;
++        }
++      }
++    }
++
++    // Callback Output
++    // ===============
++    // 1. Convert callback buffer to stream format
++    // 2. Convert callback buffer to stream sample rate and channel count
++    // 3. Push callback buffer into outputBuffer
++
++    if ( renderAudioClient && callbackPulled ) {
++      if ( stream_.doConvertBuffer[OUTPUT] ) {
++        // Convert callback buffer to stream format
++        convertBuffer( stream_.deviceBuffer,
++                       stream_.userBuffer[OUTPUT],
++                       stream_.convertInfo[OUTPUT] );
++
++      }
++
++      // Convert callback buffer to stream sample rate
++      convertBufferWasapi( convBuffer,
++                           stream_.deviceBuffer,
++                           stream_.nDeviceChannels[OUTPUT],
++                           stream_.sampleRate,
++                           renderFormat->nSamplesPerSec,
++                           stream_.bufferSize,
++                           convBufferSize,
++                           stream_.deviceFormat[OUTPUT] );
++
++      // Push callback buffer into outputBuffer
++      callbackPushed = renderBuffer.pushBuffer( convBuffer,
++                                                convBufferSize * stream_.nDeviceChannels[OUTPUT],
++                                                stream_.deviceFormat[OUTPUT] );
++    }
++    else {
++      // if there is no render stream, set callbackPushed flag
++      callbackPushed = true;
++    }
++
++    // Stream Capture
++    // ==============
++    // 1. Get capture buffer from stream
++    // 2. Push capture buffer into inputBuffer
++    // 3. If 2. was successful: Release capture buffer
++
++    if ( captureAudioClient ) {
++      // if the callback input buffer was not pulled from captureBuffer, wait for next capture event
++      if ( !callbackPulled ) {
++        WaitForSingleObject( captureEvent, INFINITE );
++      }
++
++      // Get capture buffer from stream
++      hr = captureClient->GetBuffer( &streamBuffer,
++                                     &bufferFrameCount,
++                                     &captureFlags, NULL, NULL );
++      if ( FAILED( hr ) ) {
++        errorText_ = "RtApiWasapi::wasapiThread: Unable to retrieve capture buffer.";
++        goto Exit;
++      }
++
++      if ( bufferFrameCount != 0 ) {
++        // Push capture buffer into inputBuffer
++        if ( captureBuffer.pushBuffer( ( char* ) streamBuffer,
++                                       bufferFrameCount * stream_.nDeviceChannels[INPUT],
++                                       stream_.deviceFormat[INPUT] ) )
++        {
++          // Release capture buffer
++          hr = captureClient->ReleaseBuffer( bufferFrameCount );
++          if ( FAILED( hr ) ) {
++            errorText_ = "RtApiWasapi::wasapiThread: Unable to release capture buffer.";
++            goto Exit;
++          }
++        }
++        else
++        {
++          // Inform WASAPI that capture was unsuccessful
++          hr = captureClient->ReleaseBuffer( 0 );
++          if ( FAILED( hr ) ) {
++            errorText_ = "RtApiWasapi::wasapiThread: Unable to release capture buffer.";
++            goto Exit;
++          }
++        }
++      }
++      else
++      {
++        // Inform WASAPI that capture was unsuccessful
++        hr = captureClient->ReleaseBuffer( 0 );
++        if ( FAILED( hr ) ) {
++          errorText_ = "RtApiWasapi::wasapiThread: Unable to release capture buffer.";
++          goto Exit;
++        }
++      }
++    }
++
++    // Stream Render
++    // =============
++    // 1. Get render buffer from stream
++    // 2. Pull next buffer from outputBuffer
++    // 3. If 2. was successful: Fill render buffer with next buffer
++    //                          Release render buffer
++
++    if ( renderAudioClient ) {
++      // if the callback output buffer was not pushed to renderBuffer, wait for next render event
++      if ( callbackPulled && !callbackPushed ) {
++        WaitForSingleObject( renderEvent, INFINITE );
++      }
++
++      // Get render buffer from stream
++      hr = renderAudioClient->GetBufferSize( &bufferFrameCount );
++      if ( FAILED( hr ) ) {
++        errorText_ = "RtApiWasapi::wasapiThread: Unable to retrieve render buffer size.";
++        goto Exit;
++      }
++
++      hr = renderAudioClient->GetCurrentPadding( &numFramesPadding );
++      if ( FAILED( hr ) ) {
++        errorText_ = "RtApiWasapi::wasapiThread: Unable to retrieve render buffer padding.";
++        goto Exit;
++      }
++
++      bufferFrameCount -= numFramesPadding;
++
++      if ( bufferFrameCount != 0 ) {
++        hr = renderClient->GetBuffer( bufferFrameCount, &streamBuffer );
++        if ( FAILED( hr ) ) {
++          errorText_ = "RtApiWasapi::wasapiThread: Unable to retrieve render buffer.";
++          goto Exit;
++        }
++
++        // Pull next buffer from outputBuffer
++        // Fill render buffer with next buffer
++        if ( renderBuffer.pullBuffer( ( char* ) streamBuffer,
++                                      bufferFrameCount * stream_.nDeviceChannels[OUTPUT],
++                                      stream_.deviceFormat[OUTPUT] ) )
++        {
++          // Release render buffer
++          hr = renderClient->ReleaseBuffer( bufferFrameCount, 0 );
++          if ( FAILED( hr ) ) {
++            errorText_ = "RtApiWasapi::wasapiThread: Unable to release render buffer.";
++            goto Exit;
++          }
++        }
++        else
++        {
++          // Inform WASAPI that render was unsuccessful
++          hr = renderClient->ReleaseBuffer( 0, 0 );
++          if ( FAILED( hr ) ) {
++            errorText_ = "RtApiWasapi::wasapiThread: Unable to release render buffer.";
++            goto Exit;
++          }
++        }
++      }
++      else
++      {
++        // Inform WASAPI that render was unsuccessful
++        hr = renderClient->ReleaseBuffer( 0, 0 );
++        if ( FAILED( hr ) ) {
++          errorText_ = "RtApiWasapi::wasapiThread: Unable to release render buffer.";
++          goto Exit;
++        }
++      }
++    }
++
++    // if the callback buffer was pushed renderBuffer reset callbackPulled flag
++    if ( callbackPushed ) {
++      callbackPulled = false;
++      // tick stream time
++      RtApi::tickStreamTime();
++    }
++
++  }
 +
-+JackHandle *handle = (JackHandle *) stream_.apiHandle;
-+if ( handle ) {
++Exit:
++  // clean up
++  CoTaskMemFree( captureFormat );
++  CoTaskMemFree( renderFormat );
 +
-+if ( stream_.state == STREAM_RUNNING )
-+jack_deactivate( handle->client );
++  free ( convBuffer );
 +
-+jack_client_close( handle->client );
-+}
++  CoUninitialize();
 +
-+if ( handle ) {
-+if ( handle->ports[0] ) free( handle->ports[0] );
-+if ( handle->ports[1] ) free( handle->ports[1] );
-+pthread_cond_destroy( &handle->condition );
-+delete handle;
-+stream_.apiHandle = 0;
-+}
++  // update stream state
++  stream_.state = STREAM_STOPPED;
 +
-+for ( int i=0; i<2; i++ ) {
-+if ( stream_.userBuffer[i] ) {
-+free( stream_.userBuffer[i] );
-+stream_.userBuffer[i] = 0;
-+}
++  if ( errorText_.empty() )
++    return;
++  else
++    error( errorType );
 +}
 +
-+if ( stream_.deviceBuffer ) {
-+free( stream_.deviceBuffer );
-+stream_.deviceBuffer = 0;
-+}
++//******************** End of __WINDOWS_WASAPI__ *********************//
++#endif
 +
-+stream_.mode = UNINITIALIZED;
-+stream_.state = STREAM_CLOSED;
-+}
 +
-+void RtApiJack :: startStream( void )
++#if defined(__WINDOWS_DS__) // Windows DirectSound API
++
++// Modified by Robin Davies, October 2005
++// - Improvements to DirectX pointer chasing. 
++// - Bug fix for non-power-of-two Asio granularity used by Edirol PCR-A30.
++// - Auto-call CoInitialize for DSOUND and ASIO platforms.
++// Various revisions for RtAudio 4.0 by Gary Scavone, April 2007
++// Changed device query structure for RtAudio 4.0.7, January 2010
++
++#include <mmsystem.h>
++#include <mmreg.h>
++#include <dsound.h>
++#include <assert.h>
++#include <algorithm>
++
++#if defined(__MINGW32__)
++  // missing from latest mingw winapi
++#define WAVE_FORMAT_96M08 0x00010000 /* 96 kHz, Mono, 8-bit */
++#define WAVE_FORMAT_96S08 0x00020000 /* 96 kHz, Stereo, 8-bit */
++#define WAVE_FORMAT_96M16 0x00040000 /* 96 kHz, Mono, 16-bit */
++#define WAVE_FORMAT_96S16 0x00080000 /* 96 kHz, Stereo, 16-bit */
++#endif
++
++#define MINIMUM_DEVICE_BUFFER_SIZE 32768
++
++#ifdef _MSC_VER // if Microsoft Visual C++
++#pragma comment( lib, "winmm.lib" ) // then, auto-link winmm.lib. Otherwise, it has to be added manually.
++#endif
++
++static inline DWORD dsPointerBetween( DWORD pointer, DWORD laterPointer, DWORD earlierPointer, DWORD bufferSize )
 +{
-+verifyStream();
-+if ( stream_.state == STREAM_RUNNING ) {
-+errorText_ = "RtApiJack::startStream(): the stream is already running!";
-+error( RtAudioError::WARNING );
-+return;
++  if ( pointer > bufferSize ) pointer -= bufferSize;
++  if ( laterPointer < earlierPointer ) laterPointer += bufferSize;
++  if ( pointer < earlierPointer ) pointer += bufferSize;
++  return pointer >= earlierPointer && pointer < laterPointer;
 +}
 +
-+JackHandle *handle = (JackHandle *) stream_.apiHandle;
-+int result = jack_activate( handle->client );
-+if ( result ) {
-+errorText_ = "RtApiJack::startStream(): unable to activate JACK client!";
-+goto unlock;
-+}
++// A structure to hold various information related to the DirectSound
++// API implementation.
++struct DsHandle {
++  unsigned int drainCounter; // Tracks callback counts when draining
++  bool internalDrain;        // Indicates if stop is initiated from callback or not.
++  void *id[2];
++  void *buffer[2];
++  bool xrun[2];
++  UINT bufferPointer[2];  
++  DWORD dsBufferSize[2];
++  DWORD dsPointerLeadTime[2]; // the number of bytes ahead of the safe pointer to lead by.
++  HANDLE condition;
++
++  DsHandle()
++    :drainCounter(0), internalDrain(false) { id[0] = 0; id[1] = 0; buffer[0] = 0; buffer[1] = 0; xrun[0] = false; xrun[1] = false; bufferPointer[0] = 0; bufferPointer[1] = 0; }
++};
 +
-+const char **ports;
++// Declarations for utility functions, callbacks, and structures
++// specific to the DirectSound implementation.
++static BOOL CALLBACK deviceQueryCallback( LPGUID lpguid,
++                                          LPCTSTR description,
++                                          LPCTSTR module,
++                                          LPVOID lpContext );
 +
-+// Get the list of available ports.
-+if ( shouldAutoconnect_ && (stream_.mode == OUTPUT || stream_.mode == DUPLEX) ) {
-+result = 1;
-+ports = jack_get_ports( handle->client, handle->deviceName[0].c_str(), NULL, JackPortIsInput);
-+if ( ports == NULL) {
-+errorText_ = "RtApiJack::startStream(): error determining available JACK input ports!";
-+goto unlock;
-+}
++static const char* getErrorString( int code );
 +
-+// Now make the port connections.  Since RtAudio wasn't designed to
-+// allow the user to select particular channels of a device, we'll
-+// just open the first "nChannels" ports with offset.
-+for ( unsigned int i=0; i<stream_.nUserChannels[0]; i++ ) {
-+result = 1;
-+if ( ports[ stream_.channelOffset[0] + i ] )
-+result = jack_connect( handle->client, jack_port_name( handle->ports[0][i] ), ports[ stream_.channelOffset[0] + i ] );
-+if ( result ) {
-+free( ports );
-+errorText_ = "RtApiJack::startStream(): error connecting output ports!";
-+goto unlock;
-+}
-+}
-+free(ports);
-+}
++static unsigned __stdcall callbackHandler( void *ptr );
 +
-+if ( shouldAutoconnect_ && (stream_.mode == INPUT || stream_.mode == DUPLEX) ) {
-+result = 1;
-+ports = jack_get_ports( handle->client, handle->deviceName[1].c_str(), NULL, JackPortIsOutput );
-+if ( ports == NULL) {
-+errorText_ = "RtApiJack::startStream(): error determining available JACK output ports!";
-+goto unlock;
-+}
++struct DsDevice {
++  LPGUID id[2];
++  bool validId[2];
++  bool found;
++  std::string name;
 +
-+// Now make the port connections.  See note above.
-+for ( unsigned int i=0; i<stream_.nUserChannels[1]; i++ ) {
-+result = 1;
-+if ( ports[ stream_.channelOffset[1] + i ] )
-+result = jack_connect( handle->client, ports[ stream_.channelOffset[1] + i ], jack_port_name( handle->ports[1][i] ) );
-+if ( result ) {
-+free( ports );
-+errorText_ = "RtApiJack::startStream(): error connecting input ports!";
-+goto unlock;
-+}
-+}
-+free(ports);
-+}
++  DsDevice()
++  : found(false) { validId[0] = false; validId[1] = false; }
++};
 +
-+handle->drainCounter = 0;
-+handle->internalDrain = false;
-+stream_.state = STREAM_RUNNING;
++struct DsProbeData {
++  bool isInput;
++  std::vector<struct DsDevice>* dsDevices;
++};
 +
-+unlock:
-+if ( result == 0 ) return;
-+error( RtAudioError::SYSTEM_ERROR );
++RtApiDs :: RtApiDs()
++{
++  // Dsound will run both-threaded. If CoInitialize fails, then just
++  // accept whatever the mainline chose for a threading model.
++  coInitialized_ = false;
++  HRESULT hr = CoInitialize( NULL );
++  if ( !FAILED( hr ) ) coInitialized_ = true;
 +}
 +
-+void RtApiJack :: stopStream( void )
++RtApiDs :: ~RtApiDs()
 +{
-+verifyStream();
-+if ( stream_.state == STREAM_STOPPED ) {
-+errorText_ = "RtApiJack::stopStream(): the stream is already stopped!";
-+error( RtAudioError::WARNING );
-+return;
++  if ( stream_.state != STREAM_CLOSED ) closeStream();
++  if ( coInitialized_ ) CoUninitialize(); // balanced call.
 +}
 +
-+JackHandle *handle = (JackHandle *) stream_.apiHandle;
-+if ( stream_.mode == OUTPUT || stream_.mode == DUPLEX ) {
-+
-+if ( handle->drainCounter == 0 ) {
-+handle->drainCounter = 2;
-+pthread_cond_wait( &handle->condition, &stream_.mutex ); // block until signaled
-+}
++// The DirectSound default output is always the first device.
++unsigned int RtApiDs :: getDefaultOutputDevice( void )
++{
++  return 0;
 +}
 +
-+jack_deactivate( handle->client );
-+stream_.state = STREAM_STOPPED;
++// The DirectSound default input is always the first input device,
++// which is the first capture device enumerated.
++unsigned int RtApiDs :: getDefaultInputDevice( void )
++{
++  return 0;
 +}
 +
-+void RtApiJack :: abortStream( void )
++unsigned int RtApiDs :: getDeviceCount( void )
 +{
-+verifyStream();
-+if ( stream_.state == STREAM_STOPPED ) {
-+errorText_ = "RtApiJack::abortStream(): the stream is already stopped!";
-+error( RtAudioError::WARNING );
-+return;
++  // Set query flag for previously found devices to false, so that we
++  // can check for any devices that have disappeared.
++  for ( unsigned int i=0; i<dsDevices.size(); i++ )
++    dsDevices[i].found = false;
++
++  // Query DirectSound devices.
++  struct DsProbeData probeInfo;
++  probeInfo.isInput = false;
++  probeInfo.dsDevices = &dsDevices;
++  HRESULT result = DirectSoundEnumerate( (LPDSENUMCALLBACK) deviceQueryCallback, &probeInfo );
++  if ( FAILED( result ) ) {
++    errorStream_ << "RtApiDs::getDeviceCount: error (" << getErrorString( result ) << ") enumerating output devices!";
++    errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
++    error( RtAudioError::WARNING );
++  }
++
++  // Query DirectSoundCapture devices.
++  probeInfo.isInput = true;
++  result = DirectSoundCaptureEnumerate( (LPDSENUMCALLBACK) deviceQueryCallback, &probeInfo );
++  if ( FAILED( result ) ) {
++    errorStream_ << "RtApiDs::getDeviceCount: error (" << getErrorString( result ) << ") enumerating input devices!";
++    errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
++    error( RtAudioError::WARNING );
++  }
++
++  // Clean out any devices that may have disappeared (code update submitted by Eli Zehngut).
++  for ( unsigned int i=0; i<dsDevices.size(); ) {
++    if ( dsDevices[i].found == false ) dsDevices.erase( dsDevices.begin() + i );
++    else i++;
++  }
++
++  return static_cast<unsigned int>(dsDevices.size());
 +}
 +
-+JackHandle *handle = (JackHandle *) stream_.apiHandle;
-+handle->drainCounter = 2;
-+
-+stopStream();
++RtAudio::DeviceInfo RtApiDs :: getDeviceInfo( unsigned int device )
++{
++  RtAudio::DeviceInfo info;
++  info.probed = false;
++
++  if ( dsDevices.size() == 0 ) {
++    // Force a query of all devices
++    getDeviceCount();
++    if ( dsDevices.size() == 0 ) {
++      errorText_ = "RtApiDs::getDeviceInfo: no devices found!";
++      error( RtAudioError::INVALID_USE );
++      return info;
++    }
++  }
++
++  if ( device >= dsDevices.size() ) {
++    errorText_ = "RtApiDs::getDeviceInfo: device ID is invalid!";
++    error( RtAudioError::INVALID_USE );
++    return info;
++  }
++
++  HRESULT result;
++  if ( dsDevices[ device ].validId[0] == false ) goto probeInput;
++
++  LPDIRECTSOUND output;
++  DSCAPS outCaps;
++  result = DirectSoundCreate( dsDevices[ device ].id[0], &output, NULL );
++  if ( FAILED( result ) ) {
++    errorStream_ << "RtApiDs::getDeviceInfo: error (" << getErrorString( result ) << ") opening output device (" << dsDevices[ device ].name << ")!";
++    errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
++    error( RtAudioError::WARNING );
++    goto probeInput;
++  }
++
++  outCaps.dwSize = sizeof( outCaps );
++  result = output->GetCaps( &outCaps );
++  if ( FAILED( result ) ) {
++    output->Release();
++    errorStream_ << "RtApiDs::getDeviceInfo: error (" << getErrorString( result ) << ") getting capabilities!";
++    errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
++    error( RtAudioError::WARNING );
++    goto probeInput;
++  }
++
++  // Get output channel information.
++  info.outputChannels = ( outCaps.dwFlags & DSCAPS_PRIMARYSTEREO ) ? 2 : 1;
++
++  // Get sample rate information.
++  info.sampleRates.clear();
++  for ( unsigned int k=0; k<MAX_SAMPLE_RATES; k++ ) {
++    if ( SAMPLE_RATES[k] >= (unsigned int) outCaps.dwMinSecondarySampleRate &&
++         SAMPLE_RATES[k] <= (unsigned int) outCaps.dwMaxSecondarySampleRate ) {
++      info.sampleRates.push_back( SAMPLE_RATES[k] );
++
++      if ( !info.preferredSampleRate || ( SAMPLE_RATES[k] <= 48000 && SAMPLE_RATES[k] > info.preferredSampleRate ) )
++        info.preferredSampleRate = SAMPLE_RATES[k];
++    }
++  }
++
++  // Get format information.
++  if ( outCaps.dwFlags & DSCAPS_PRIMARY16BIT ) info.nativeFormats |= RTAUDIO_SINT16;
++  if ( outCaps.dwFlags & DSCAPS_PRIMARY8BIT ) info.nativeFormats |= RTAUDIO_SINT8;
++
++  output->Release();
++
++  if ( getDefaultOutputDevice() == device )
++    info.isDefaultOutput = true;
++
++  if ( dsDevices[ device ].validId[1] == false ) {
++    info.name = dsDevices[ device ].name;
++    info.probed = true;
++    return info;
++  }
++
++ probeInput:
++
++  LPDIRECTSOUNDCAPTURE input;
++  result = DirectSoundCaptureCreate( dsDevices[ device ].id[1], &input, NULL );
++  if ( FAILED( result ) ) {
++    errorStream_ << "RtApiDs::getDeviceInfo: error (" << getErrorString( result ) << ") opening input device (" << dsDevices[ device ].name << ")!";
++    errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
++    error( RtAudioError::WARNING );
++    return info;
++  }
++
++  DSCCAPS inCaps;
++  inCaps.dwSize = sizeof( inCaps );
++  result = input->GetCaps( &inCaps );
++  if ( FAILED( result ) ) {
++    input->Release();
++    errorStream_ << "RtApiDs::getDeviceInfo: error (" << getErrorString( result ) << ") getting object capabilities (" << dsDevices[ device ].name << ")!";
++    errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
++    error( RtAudioError::WARNING );
++    return info;
++  }
++
++  // Get input channel information.
++  info.inputChannels = inCaps.dwChannels;
++
++  // Get sample rate and format information.
++  std::vector<unsigned int> rates;
++  if ( inCaps.dwChannels >= 2 ) {
++    if ( inCaps.dwFormats & WAVE_FORMAT_1S16 ) info.nativeFormats |= RTAUDIO_SINT16;
++    if ( inCaps.dwFormats & WAVE_FORMAT_2S16 ) info.nativeFormats |= RTAUDIO_SINT16;
++    if ( inCaps.dwFormats & WAVE_FORMAT_4S16 ) info.nativeFormats |= RTAUDIO_SINT16;
++    if ( inCaps.dwFormats & WAVE_FORMAT_96S16 ) info.nativeFormats |= RTAUDIO_SINT16;
++    if ( inCaps.dwFormats & WAVE_FORMAT_1S08 ) info.nativeFormats |= RTAUDIO_SINT8;
++    if ( inCaps.dwFormats & WAVE_FORMAT_2S08 ) info.nativeFormats |= RTAUDIO_SINT8;
++    if ( inCaps.dwFormats & WAVE_FORMAT_4S08 ) info.nativeFormats |= RTAUDIO_SINT8;
++    if ( inCaps.dwFormats & WAVE_FORMAT_96S08 ) info.nativeFormats |= RTAUDIO_SINT8;
++
++    if ( info.nativeFormats & RTAUDIO_SINT16 ) {
++      if ( inCaps.dwFormats & WAVE_FORMAT_1S16 ) rates.push_back( 11025 );
++      if ( inCaps.dwFormats & WAVE_FORMAT_2S16 ) rates.push_back( 22050 );
++      if ( inCaps.dwFormats & WAVE_FORMAT_4S16 ) rates.push_back( 44100 );
++      if ( inCaps.dwFormats & WAVE_FORMAT_96S16 ) rates.push_back( 96000 );
++    }
++    else if ( info.nativeFormats & RTAUDIO_SINT8 ) {
++      if ( inCaps.dwFormats & WAVE_FORMAT_1S08 ) rates.push_back( 11025 );
++      if ( inCaps.dwFormats & WAVE_FORMAT_2S08 ) rates.push_back( 22050 );
++      if ( inCaps.dwFormats & WAVE_FORMAT_4S08 ) rates.push_back( 44100 );
++      if ( inCaps.dwFormats & WAVE_FORMAT_96S08 ) rates.push_back( 96000 );
++    }
++  }
++  else if ( inCaps.dwChannels == 1 ) {
++    if ( inCaps.dwFormats & WAVE_FORMAT_1M16 ) info.nativeFormats |= RTAUDIO_SINT16;
++    if ( inCaps.dwFormats & WAVE_FORMAT_2M16 ) info.nativeFormats |= RTAUDIO_SINT16;
++    if ( inCaps.dwFormats & WAVE_FORMAT_4M16 ) info.nativeFormats |= RTAUDIO_SINT16;
++    if ( inCaps.dwFormats & WAVE_FORMAT_96M16 ) info.nativeFormats |= RTAUDIO_SINT16;
++    if ( inCaps.dwFormats & WAVE_FORMAT_1M08 ) info.nativeFormats |= RTAUDIO_SINT8;
++    if ( inCaps.dwFormats & WAVE_FORMAT_2M08 ) info.nativeFormats |= RTAUDIO_SINT8;
++    if ( inCaps.dwFormats & WAVE_FORMAT_4M08 ) info.nativeFormats |= RTAUDIO_SINT8;
++    if ( inCaps.dwFormats & WAVE_FORMAT_96M08 ) info.nativeFormats |= RTAUDIO_SINT8;
++
++    if ( info.nativeFormats & RTAUDIO_SINT16 ) {
++      if ( inCaps.dwFormats & WAVE_FORMAT_1M16 ) rates.push_back( 11025 );
++      if ( inCaps.dwFormats & WAVE_FORMAT_2M16 ) rates.push_back( 22050 );
++      if ( inCaps.dwFormats & WAVE_FORMAT_4M16 ) rates.push_back( 44100 );
++      if ( inCaps.dwFormats & WAVE_FORMAT_96M16 ) rates.push_back( 96000 );
++    }
++    else if ( info.nativeFormats & RTAUDIO_SINT8 ) {
++      if ( inCaps.dwFormats & WAVE_FORMAT_1M08 ) rates.push_back( 11025 );
++      if ( inCaps.dwFormats & WAVE_FORMAT_2M08 ) rates.push_back( 22050 );
++      if ( inCaps.dwFormats & WAVE_FORMAT_4M08 ) rates.push_back( 44100 );
++      if ( inCaps.dwFormats & WAVE_FORMAT_96M08 ) rates.push_back( 96000 );
++    }
++  }
++  else info.inputChannels = 0; // technically, this would be an error
++
++  input->Release();
++
++  if ( info.inputChannels == 0 ) return info;
++
++  // Copy the supported rates to the info structure but avoid duplication.
++  bool found;
++  for ( unsigned int i=0; i<rates.size(); i++ ) {
++    found = false;
++    for ( unsigned int j=0; j<info.sampleRates.size(); j++ ) {
++      if ( rates[i] == info.sampleRates[j] ) {
++        found = true;
++        break;
++      }
++    }
++    if ( found == false ) info.sampleRates.push_back( rates[i] );
++  }
++  std::sort( info.sampleRates.begin(), info.sampleRates.end() );
++
++  // If device opens for both playback and capture, we determine the channels.
++  if ( info.outputChannels > 0 && info.inputChannels > 0 )
++    info.duplexChannels = (info.outputChannels > info.inputChannels) ? info.inputChannels : info.outputChannels;
++
++  if ( device == 0 ) info.isDefaultInput = true;
++
++  // Copy name and return.
++  info.name = dsDevices[ device ].name;
++  info.probed = true;
++  return info;
 +}
 +
-+// This function will be called by a spawned thread when the user
-+// callback function signals that the stream should be stopped or
-+// aborted.  It is necessary to handle it this way because the
-+// callbackEvent() function must return before the jack_deactivate()
-+// function will return.
-+static void *jackStopStream( void *ptr )
++bool RtApiDs :: probeDeviceOpen( unsigned int device, StreamMode mode, unsigned int channels,
++                                 unsigned int firstChannel, unsigned int sampleRate,
++                                 RtAudioFormat format, unsigned int *bufferSize,
++                                 RtAudio::StreamOptions *options )
 +{
-+CallbackInfo *info = (CallbackInfo *) ptr;
-+RtApiJack *object = (RtApiJack *) info->object;
++  if ( channels + firstChannel > 2 ) {
++    errorText_ = "RtApiDs::probeDeviceOpen: DirectSound does not support more than 2 channels per device.";
++    return FAILURE;
++  }
++
++  size_t nDevices = dsDevices.size();
++  if ( nDevices == 0 ) {
++    // This should not happen because a check is made before this function is called.
++    errorText_ = "RtApiDs::probeDeviceOpen: no devices found!";
++    return FAILURE;
++  }
++
++  if ( device >= nDevices ) {
++    // This should not happen because a check is made before this function is called.
++    errorText_ = "RtApiDs::probeDeviceOpen: device ID is invalid!";
++    return FAILURE;
++  }
++
++  if ( mode == OUTPUT ) {
++    if ( dsDevices[ device ].validId[0] == false ) {
++      errorStream_ << "RtApiDs::probeDeviceOpen: device (" << device << ") does not support output!";
++      errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
++      return FAILURE;
++    }
++  }
++  else { // mode == INPUT
++    if ( dsDevices[ device ].validId[1] == false ) {
++      errorStream_ << "RtApiDs::probeDeviceOpen: device (" << device << ") does not support input!";
++      errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
++      return FAILURE;
++    }
++  }
++
++  // According to a note in PortAudio, using GetDesktopWindow()
++  // instead of GetForegroundWindow() is supposed to avoid problems
++  // that occur when the application's window is not the foreground
++  // window.  Also, if the application window closes before the
++  // DirectSound buffer, DirectSound can crash.  In the past, I had
++  // problems when using GetDesktopWindow() but it seems fine now
++  // (January 2010).  I'll leave it commented here.
++  // HWND hWnd = GetForegroundWindow();
++  HWND hWnd = GetDesktopWindow();
++
++  // Check the numberOfBuffers parameter and limit the lowest value to
++  // two.  This is a judgement call and a value of two is probably too
++  // low for capture, but it should work for playback.
++  int nBuffers = 0;
++  if ( options ) nBuffers = options->numberOfBuffers;
++  if ( options && options->flags & RTAUDIO_MINIMIZE_LATENCY ) nBuffers = 2;
++  if ( nBuffers < 2 ) nBuffers = 3;
++
++  // Check the lower range of the user-specified buffer size and set
++  // (arbitrarily) to a lower bound of 32.
++  if ( *bufferSize < 32 ) *bufferSize = 32;
++
++  // Create the wave format structure.  The data format setting will
++  // be determined later.
++  WAVEFORMATEX waveFormat;
++  ZeroMemory( &waveFormat, sizeof(WAVEFORMATEX) );
++  waveFormat.wFormatTag = WAVE_FORMAT_PCM;
++  waveFormat.nChannels = channels + firstChannel;
++  waveFormat.nSamplesPerSec = (unsigned long) sampleRate;
++
++  // Determine the device buffer size. By default, we'll use the value
++  // defined above (32K), but we will grow it to make allowances for
++  // very large software buffer sizes.
++  DWORD dsBufferSize = MINIMUM_DEVICE_BUFFER_SIZE;
++  DWORD dsPointerLeadTime = 0;
++
++  void *ohandle = 0, *bhandle = 0;
++  HRESULT result;
++  if ( mode == OUTPUT ) {
++
++    LPDIRECTSOUND output;
++    result = DirectSoundCreate( dsDevices[ device ].id[0], &output, NULL );
++    if ( FAILED( result ) ) {
++      errorStream_ << "RtApiDs::probeDeviceOpen: error (" << getErrorString( result ) << ") opening output device (" << dsDevices[ device ].name << ")!";
++      errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
++      return FAILURE;
++    }
++
++    DSCAPS outCaps;
++    outCaps.dwSize = sizeof( outCaps );
++    result = output->GetCaps( &outCaps );
++    if ( FAILED( result ) ) {
++      output->Release();
++      errorStream_ << "RtApiDs::probeDeviceOpen: error (" << getErrorString( result ) << ") getting capabilities (" << dsDevices[ device ].name << ")!";
++      errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
++      return FAILURE;
++    }
++
++    // Check channel information.
++    if ( channels + firstChannel == 2 && !( outCaps.dwFlags & DSCAPS_PRIMARYSTEREO ) ) {
++      errorStream_ << "RtApiDs::getDeviceInfo: the output device (" << dsDevices[ device ].name << ") does not support stereo playback.";
++      errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
++      return FAILURE;
++    }
++
++    // Check format information.  Use 16-bit format unless not
++    // supported or user requests 8-bit.
++    if ( outCaps.dwFlags & DSCAPS_PRIMARY16BIT &&
++         !( format == RTAUDIO_SINT8 && outCaps.dwFlags & DSCAPS_PRIMARY8BIT ) ) {
++      waveFormat.wBitsPerSample = 16;
++      stream_.deviceFormat[mode] = RTAUDIO_SINT16;
++    }
++    else {
++      waveFormat.wBitsPerSample = 8;
++      stream_.deviceFormat[mode] = RTAUDIO_SINT8;
++    }
++    stream_.userFormat = format;
++
++    // Update wave format structure and buffer information.
++    waveFormat.nBlockAlign = waveFormat.nChannels * waveFormat.wBitsPerSample / 8;
++    waveFormat.nAvgBytesPerSec = waveFormat.nSamplesPerSec * waveFormat.nBlockAlign;
++    dsPointerLeadTime = nBuffers * (*bufferSize) * (waveFormat.wBitsPerSample / 8) * channels;
++
++    // If the user wants an even bigger buffer, increase the device buffer size accordingly.
++    while ( dsPointerLeadTime * 2U > dsBufferSize )
++      dsBufferSize *= 2;
++
++    // Set cooperative level to DSSCL_EXCLUSIVE ... sound stops when window focus changes.
++    // result = output->SetCooperativeLevel( hWnd, DSSCL_EXCLUSIVE );
++    // Set cooperative level to DSSCL_PRIORITY ... sound remains when window focus changes.
++    result = output->SetCooperativeLevel( hWnd, DSSCL_PRIORITY );
++    if ( FAILED( result ) ) {
++      output->Release();
++      errorStream_ << "RtApiDs::probeDeviceOpen: error (" << getErrorString( result ) << ") setting cooperative level (" << dsDevices[ device ].name << ")!";
++      errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
++      return FAILURE;
++    }
++
++    // Even though we will write to the secondary buffer, we need to
++    // access the primary buffer to set the correct output format
++    // (since the default is 8-bit, 22 kHz!).  Setup the DS primary
++    // buffer description.
++    DSBUFFERDESC bufferDescription;
++    ZeroMemory( &bufferDescription, sizeof( DSBUFFERDESC ) );
++    bufferDescription.dwSize = sizeof( DSBUFFERDESC );
++    bufferDescription.dwFlags = DSBCAPS_PRIMARYBUFFER;
++
++    // Obtain the primary buffer
++    LPDIRECTSOUNDBUFFER buffer;
++    result = output->CreateSoundBuffer( &bufferDescription, &buffer, NULL );
++    if ( FAILED( result ) ) {
++      output->Release();
++      errorStream_ << "RtApiDs::probeDeviceOpen: error (" << getErrorString( result ) << ") accessing primary buffer (" << dsDevices[ device ].name << ")!";
++      errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
++      return FAILURE;
++    }
++
++    // Set the primary DS buffer sound format.
++    result = buffer->SetFormat( &waveFormat );
++    if ( FAILED( result ) ) {
++      output->Release();
++      errorStream_ << "RtApiDs::probeDeviceOpen: error (" << getErrorString( result ) << ") setting primary buffer format (" << dsDevices[ device ].name << ")!";
++      errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
++      return FAILURE;
++    }
++
++    // Setup the secondary DS buffer description.
++    ZeroMemory( &bufferDescription, sizeof( DSBUFFERDESC ) );
++    bufferDescription.dwSize = sizeof( DSBUFFERDESC );
++    bufferDescription.dwFlags = ( DSBCAPS_STICKYFOCUS |
++                                  DSBCAPS_GLOBALFOCUS |
++                                  DSBCAPS_GETCURRENTPOSITION2 |
++                                  DSBCAPS_LOCHARDWARE );  // Force hardware mixing
++    bufferDescription.dwBufferBytes = dsBufferSize;
++    bufferDescription.lpwfxFormat = &waveFormat;
++
++    // Try to create the secondary DS buffer.  If that doesn't work,
++    // try to use software mixing.  Otherwise, there's a problem.
++    result = output->CreateSoundBuffer( &bufferDescription, &buffer, NULL );
++    if ( FAILED( result ) ) {
++      bufferDescription.dwFlags = ( DSBCAPS_STICKYFOCUS |
++                                    DSBCAPS_GLOBALFOCUS |
++                                    DSBCAPS_GETCURRENTPOSITION2 |
++                                    DSBCAPS_LOCSOFTWARE );  // Force software mixing
++      result = output->CreateSoundBuffer( &bufferDescription, &buffer, NULL );
++      if ( FAILED( result ) ) {
++        output->Release();
++        errorStream_ << "RtApiDs::probeDeviceOpen: error (" << getErrorString( result ) << ") creating secondary buffer (" << dsDevices[ device ].name << ")!";
++        errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
++        return FAILURE;
++      }
++    }
++
++    // Get the buffer size ... might be different from what we specified.
++    DSBCAPS dsbcaps;
++    dsbcaps.dwSize = sizeof( DSBCAPS );
++    result = buffer->GetCaps( &dsbcaps );
++    if ( FAILED( result ) ) {
++      output->Release();
++      buffer->Release();
++      errorStream_ << "RtApiDs::probeDeviceOpen: error (" << getErrorString( result ) << ") getting buffer settings (" << dsDevices[ device ].name << ")!";
++      errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
++      return FAILURE;
++    }
++
++    dsBufferSize = dsbcaps.dwBufferBytes;
++
++    // Lock the DS buffer
++    LPVOID audioPtr;
++    DWORD dataLen;
++    result = buffer->Lock( 0, dsBufferSize, &audioPtr, &dataLen, NULL, NULL, 0 );
++    if ( FAILED( result ) ) {
++      output->Release();
++      buffer->Release();
++      errorStream_ << "RtApiDs::probeDeviceOpen: error (" << getErrorString( result ) << ") locking buffer (" << dsDevices[ device ].name << ")!";
++      errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
++      return FAILURE;
++    }
++
++    // Zero the DS buffer
++    ZeroMemory( audioPtr, dataLen );
++
++    // Unlock the DS buffer
++    result = buffer->Unlock( audioPtr, dataLen, NULL, 0 );
++    if ( FAILED( result ) ) {
++      output->Release();
++      buffer->Release();
++      errorStream_ << "RtApiDs::probeDeviceOpen: error (" << getErrorString( result ) << ") unlocking buffer (" << dsDevices[ device ].name << ")!";
++      errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
++      return FAILURE;
++    }
++
++    ohandle = (void *) output;
++    bhandle = (void *) buffer;
++  }
++
++  if ( mode == INPUT ) {
++
++    LPDIRECTSOUNDCAPTURE input;
++    result = DirectSoundCaptureCreate( dsDevices[ device ].id[1], &input, NULL );
++    if ( FAILED( result ) ) {
++      errorStream_ << "RtApiDs::probeDeviceOpen: error (" << getErrorString( result ) << ") opening input device (" << dsDevices[ device ].name << ")!";
++      errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
++      return FAILURE;
++    }
++
++    DSCCAPS inCaps;
++    inCaps.dwSize = sizeof( inCaps );
++    result = input->GetCaps( &inCaps );
++    if ( FAILED( result ) ) {
++      input->Release();
++      errorStream_ << "RtApiDs::probeDeviceOpen: error (" << getErrorString( result ) << ") getting input capabilities (" << dsDevices[ device ].name << ")!";
++      errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
++      return FAILURE;
++    }
++
++    // Check channel information.
++    if ( inCaps.dwChannels < channels + firstChannel ) {
++      errorText_ = "RtApiDs::getDeviceInfo: the input device does not support requested input channels.";
++      return FAILURE;
++    }
++
++    // Check format information.  Use 16-bit format unless user
++    // requests 8-bit.
++    DWORD deviceFormats;
++    if ( channels + firstChannel == 2 ) {
++      deviceFormats = WAVE_FORMAT_1S08 | WAVE_FORMAT_2S08 | WAVE_FORMAT_4S08 | WAVE_FORMAT_96S08;
++      if ( format == RTAUDIO_SINT8 && inCaps.dwFormats & deviceFormats ) {
++        waveFormat.wBitsPerSample = 8;
++        stream_.deviceFormat[mode] = RTAUDIO_SINT8;
++      }
++      else { // assume 16-bit is supported
++        waveFormat.wBitsPerSample = 16;
++        stream_.deviceFormat[mode] = RTAUDIO_SINT16;
++      }
++    }
++    else { // channel == 1
++      deviceFormats = WAVE_FORMAT_1M08 | WAVE_FORMAT_2M08 | WAVE_FORMAT_4M08 | WAVE_FORMAT_96M08;
++      if ( format == RTAUDIO_SINT8 && inCaps.dwFormats & deviceFormats ) {
++        waveFormat.wBitsPerSample = 8;
++        stream_.deviceFormat[mode] = RTAUDIO_SINT8;
++      }
++      else { // assume 16-bit is supported
++        waveFormat.wBitsPerSample = 16;
++        stream_.deviceFormat[mode] = RTAUDIO_SINT16;
++      }
++    }
++    stream_.userFormat = format;
++
++    // Update wave format structure and buffer information.
++    waveFormat.nBlockAlign = waveFormat.nChannels * waveFormat.wBitsPerSample / 8;
++    waveFormat.nAvgBytesPerSec = waveFormat.nSamplesPerSec * waveFormat.nBlockAlign;
++    dsPointerLeadTime = nBuffers * (*bufferSize) * (waveFormat.wBitsPerSample / 8) * channels;
++
++    // If the user wants an even bigger buffer, increase the device buffer size accordingly.
++    while ( dsPointerLeadTime * 2U > dsBufferSize )
++      dsBufferSize *= 2;
++
++    // Setup the secondary DS buffer description.
++    DSCBUFFERDESC bufferDescription;
++    ZeroMemory( &bufferDescription, sizeof( DSCBUFFERDESC ) );
++    bufferDescription.dwSize = sizeof( DSCBUFFERDESC );
++    bufferDescription.dwFlags = 0;
++    bufferDescription.dwReserved = 0;
++    bufferDescription.dwBufferBytes = dsBufferSize;
++    bufferDescription.lpwfxFormat = &waveFormat;
++
++    // Create the capture buffer.
++    LPDIRECTSOUNDCAPTUREBUFFER buffer;
++    result = input->CreateCaptureBuffer( &bufferDescription, &buffer, NULL );
++    if ( FAILED( result ) ) {
++      input->Release();
++      errorStream_ << "RtApiDs::probeDeviceOpen: error (" << getErrorString( result ) << ") creating input buffer (" << dsDevices[ device ].name << ")!";
++      errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
++      return FAILURE;
++    }
++
++    // Get the buffer size ... might be different from what we specified.
++    DSCBCAPS dscbcaps;
++    dscbcaps.dwSize = sizeof( DSCBCAPS );
++    result = buffer->GetCaps( &dscbcaps );
++    if ( FAILED( result ) ) {
++      input->Release();
++      buffer->Release();
++      errorStream_ << "RtApiDs::probeDeviceOpen: error (" << getErrorString( result ) << ") getting buffer settings (" << dsDevices[ device ].name << ")!";
++      errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
++      return FAILURE;
++    }
++
++    dsBufferSize = dscbcaps.dwBufferBytes;
++
++    // NOTE: We could have a problem here if this is a duplex stream
++    // and the play and capture hardware buffer sizes are different
++    // (I'm actually not sure if that is a problem or not).
++    // Currently, we are not verifying that.
++
++    // Lock the capture buffer
++    LPVOID audioPtr;
++    DWORD dataLen;
++    result = buffer->Lock( 0, dsBufferSize, &audioPtr, &dataLen, NULL, NULL, 0 );
++    if ( FAILED( result ) ) {
++      input->Release();
++      buffer->Release();
++      errorStream_ << "RtApiDs::probeDeviceOpen: error (" << getErrorString( result ) << ") locking input buffer (" << dsDevices[ device ].name << ")!";
++      errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
++      return FAILURE;
++    }
++
++    // Zero the buffer
++    ZeroMemory( audioPtr, dataLen );
++
++    // Unlock the buffer
++    result = buffer->Unlock( audioPtr, dataLen, NULL, 0 );
++    if ( FAILED( result ) ) {
++      input->Release();
++      buffer->Release();
++      errorStream_ << "RtApiDs::probeDeviceOpen: error (" << getErrorString( result ) << ") unlocking input buffer (" << dsDevices[ device ].name << ")!";
++      errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
++      return FAILURE;
++    }
++
++    ohandle = (void *) input;
++    bhandle = (void *) buffer;
++  }
++
++  // Set various stream parameters
++  DsHandle *handle = 0;
++  stream_.nDeviceChannels[mode] = channels + firstChannel;
++  stream_.nUserChannels[mode] = channels;
++  stream_.bufferSize = *bufferSize;
++  stream_.channelOffset[mode] = firstChannel;
++  stream_.deviceInterleaved[mode] = true;
++  if ( options && options->flags & RTAUDIO_NONINTERLEAVED ) stream_.userInterleaved = false;
++  else stream_.userInterleaved = true;
++
++  // Set flag for buffer conversion
++  stream_.doConvertBuffer[mode] = false;
++  if (stream_.nUserChannels[mode] != stream_.nDeviceChannels[mode])
++    stream_.doConvertBuffer[mode] = true;
++  if (stream_.userFormat != stream_.deviceFormat[mode])
++    stream_.doConvertBuffer[mode] = true;
++  if ( stream_.userInterleaved != stream_.deviceInterleaved[mode] &&
++       stream_.nUserChannels[mode] > 1 )
++    stream_.doConvertBuffer[mode] = true;
++
++  // Allocate necessary internal buffers
++  long bufferBytes = stream_.nUserChannels[mode] * *bufferSize * formatBytes( stream_.userFormat );
++  stream_.userBuffer[mode] = (char *) calloc( bufferBytes, 1 );
++  if ( stream_.userBuffer[mode] == NULL ) {
++    errorText_ = "RtApiDs::probeDeviceOpen: error allocating user buffer memory.";
++    goto error;
++  }
++
++  if ( stream_.doConvertBuffer[mode] ) {
++
++    bool makeBuffer = true;
++    bufferBytes = stream_.nDeviceChannels[mode] * formatBytes( stream_.deviceFormat[mode] );
++    if ( mode == INPUT ) {
++      if ( stream_.mode == OUTPUT && stream_.deviceBuffer ) {
++        unsigned long bytesOut = stream_.nDeviceChannels[0] * formatBytes( stream_.deviceFormat[0] );
++        if ( bufferBytes <= (long) bytesOut ) makeBuffer = false;
++      }
++    }
++
++    if ( makeBuffer ) {
++      bufferBytes *= *bufferSize;
++      if ( stream_.deviceBuffer ) free( stream_.deviceBuffer );
++      stream_.deviceBuffer = (char *) calloc( bufferBytes, 1 );
++      if ( stream_.deviceBuffer == NULL ) {
++        errorText_ = "RtApiDs::probeDeviceOpen: error allocating device buffer memory.";
++        goto error;
++      }
++    }
++  }
++
++  // Allocate our DsHandle structures for the stream.
++  if ( stream_.apiHandle == 0 ) {
++    try {
++      handle = new DsHandle;
++    }
++    catch ( std::bad_alloc& ) {
++      errorText_ = "RtApiDs::probeDeviceOpen: error allocating AsioHandle memory.";
++      goto error;
++    }
++
++    // Create a manual-reset event.
++    handle->condition = CreateEvent( NULL,   // no security
++                                     TRUE,   // manual-reset
++                                     FALSE,  // non-signaled initially
++                                     NULL ); // unnamed
++    stream_.apiHandle = (void *) handle;
++  }
++  else
++    handle = (DsHandle *) stream_.apiHandle;
++  handle->id[mode] = ohandle;
++  handle->buffer[mode] = bhandle;
++  handle->dsBufferSize[mode] = dsBufferSize;
++  handle->dsPointerLeadTime[mode] = dsPointerLeadTime;
++
++  stream_.device[mode] = device;
++  stream_.state = STREAM_STOPPED;
++  if ( stream_.mode == OUTPUT && mode == INPUT )
++    // We had already set up an output stream.
++    stream_.mode = DUPLEX;
++  else
++    stream_.mode = mode;
++  stream_.nBuffers = nBuffers;
++  stream_.sampleRate = sampleRate;
++
++  // Setup the buffer conversion information structure.
++  if ( stream_.doConvertBuffer[mode] ) setConvertInfo( mode, firstChannel );
++
++  // Setup the callback thread.
++  if ( stream_.callbackInfo.isRunning == false ) {
++    unsigned threadId;
++    stream_.callbackInfo.isRunning = true;
++    stream_.callbackInfo.object = (void *) this;
++    stream_.callbackInfo.thread = _beginthreadex( NULL, 0, &callbackHandler,
++                                                  &stream_.callbackInfo, 0, &threadId );
++    if ( stream_.callbackInfo.thread == 0 ) {
++      errorText_ = "RtApiDs::probeDeviceOpen: error creating callback thread!";
++      goto error;
++    }
++
++    // Boost DS thread priority
++    SetThreadPriority( (HANDLE) stream_.callbackInfo.thread, THREAD_PRIORITY_HIGHEST );
++  }
++  return SUCCESS;
++
++ error:
++  if ( handle ) {
++    if ( handle->buffer[0] ) { // the object pointer can be NULL and valid
++      LPDIRECTSOUND object = (LPDIRECTSOUND) handle->id[0];
++      LPDIRECTSOUNDBUFFER buffer = (LPDIRECTSOUNDBUFFER) handle->buffer[0];
++      if ( buffer ) buffer->Release();
++      object->Release();
++    }
++    if ( handle->buffer[1] ) {
++      LPDIRECTSOUNDCAPTURE object = (LPDIRECTSOUNDCAPTURE) handle->id[1];
++      LPDIRECTSOUNDCAPTUREBUFFER buffer = (LPDIRECTSOUNDCAPTUREBUFFER) handle->buffer[1];
++      if ( buffer ) buffer->Release();
++      object->Release();
++    }
++    CloseHandle( handle->condition );
++    delete handle;
++    stream_.apiHandle = 0;
++  }
++
++  for ( int i=0; i<2; i++ ) {
++    if ( stream_.userBuffer[i] ) {
++      free( stream_.userBuffer[i] );
++      stream_.userBuffer[i] = 0;
++    }
++  }
++
++  if ( stream_.deviceBuffer ) {
++    free( stream_.deviceBuffer );
++    stream_.deviceBuffer = 0;
++  }
++
++  stream_.state = STREAM_CLOSED;
++  return FAILURE;
++}
 +
-+object->stopStream();
-+pthread_exit( NULL );
++void RtApiDs :: closeStream()
++{
++  if ( stream_.state == STREAM_CLOSED ) {
++    errorText_ = "RtApiDs::closeStream(): no open stream to close!";
++    error( RtAudioError::WARNING );
++    return;
++  }
++
++  // Stop the callback thread.
++  stream_.callbackInfo.isRunning = false;
++  WaitForSingleObject( (HANDLE) stream_.callbackInfo.thread, INFINITE );
++  CloseHandle( (HANDLE) stream_.callbackInfo.thread );
++
++  DsHandle *handle = (DsHandle *) stream_.apiHandle;
++  if ( handle ) {
++    if ( handle->buffer[0] ) { // the object pointer can be NULL and valid
++      LPDIRECTSOUND object = (LPDIRECTSOUND) handle->id[0];
++      LPDIRECTSOUNDBUFFER buffer = (LPDIRECTSOUNDBUFFER) handle->buffer[0];
++      if ( buffer ) {
++        buffer->Stop();
++        buffer->Release();
++      }
++      object->Release();
++    }
++    if ( handle->buffer[1] ) {
++      LPDIRECTSOUNDCAPTURE object = (LPDIRECTSOUNDCAPTURE) handle->id[1];
++      LPDIRECTSOUNDCAPTUREBUFFER buffer = (LPDIRECTSOUNDCAPTUREBUFFER) handle->buffer[1];
++      if ( buffer ) {
++        buffer->Stop();
++        buffer->Release();
++      }
++      object->Release();
++    }
++    CloseHandle( handle->condition );
++    delete handle;
++    stream_.apiHandle = 0;
++  }
++
++  for ( int i=0; i<2; i++ ) {
++    if ( stream_.userBuffer[i] ) {
++      free( stream_.userBuffer[i] );
++      stream_.userBuffer[i] = 0;
++    }
++  }
++
++  if ( stream_.deviceBuffer ) {
++    free( stream_.deviceBuffer );
++    stream_.deviceBuffer = 0;
++  }
++
++  stream_.mode = UNINITIALIZED;
++  stream_.state = STREAM_CLOSED;
 +}
 +
-+bool RtApiJack :: callbackEvent( unsigned long nframes )
++void RtApiDs :: startStream()
 +{
-+if ( stream_.state == STREAM_STOPPED || stream_.state == STREAM_STOPPING ) return SUCCESS;
-+if ( stream_.state == STREAM_CLOSED ) {
-+errorText_ = "RtApiCore::callbackEvent(): the stream is closed ... this shouldn't happen!";
-+error( RtAudioError::WARNING );
-+return FAILURE;
++  verifyStream();
++  if ( stream_.state == STREAM_RUNNING ) {
++    errorText_ = "RtApiDs::startStream(): the stream is already running!";
++    error( RtAudioError::WARNING );
++    return;
++  }
++
++  DsHandle *handle = (DsHandle *) stream_.apiHandle;
++
++  // Increase scheduler frequency on lesser windows (a side-effect of
++  // increasing timer accuracy).  On greater windows (Win2K or later),
++  // this is already in effect.
++  timeBeginPeriod( 1 ); 
++
++  buffersRolling = false;
++  duplexPrerollBytes = 0;
++
++  if ( stream_.mode == DUPLEX ) {
++    // 0.5 seconds of silence in DUPLEX mode while the devices spin up and synchronize.
++    duplexPrerollBytes = (int) ( 0.5 * stream_.sampleRate * formatBytes( stream_.deviceFormat[1] ) * stream_.nDeviceChannels[1] );
++  }
++
++  HRESULT result = 0;
++  if ( stream_.mode == OUTPUT || stream_.mode == DUPLEX ) {
++
++    LPDIRECTSOUNDBUFFER buffer = (LPDIRECTSOUNDBUFFER) handle->buffer[0];
++    result = buffer->Play( 0, 0, DSBPLAY_LOOPING );
++    if ( FAILED( result ) ) {
++      errorStream_ << "RtApiDs::startStream: error (" << getErrorString( result ) << ") starting output buffer!";
++      errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
++      goto unlock;
++    }
++  }
++
++  if ( stream_.mode == INPUT || stream_.mode == DUPLEX ) {
++
++    LPDIRECTSOUNDCAPTUREBUFFER buffer = (LPDIRECTSOUNDCAPTUREBUFFER) handle->buffer[1];
++    result = buffer->Start( DSCBSTART_LOOPING );
++    if ( FAILED( result ) ) {
++      errorStream_ << "RtApiDs::startStream: error (" << getErrorString( result ) << ") starting input buffer!";
++      errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
++      goto unlock;
++    }
++  }
++
++  handle->drainCounter = 0;
++  handle->internalDrain = false;
++  ResetEvent( handle->condition );
++  stream_.state = STREAM_RUNNING;
++
++ unlock:
++  if ( FAILED( result ) ) error( RtAudioError::SYSTEM_ERROR );
 +}
-+if ( stream_.bufferSize != nframes ) {
-+errorText_ = "RtApiCore::callbackEvent(): the JACK buffer size has changed ... cannot process!";
-+error( RtAudioError::WARNING );
-+return FAILURE;
++
++void RtApiDs :: stopStream()
++{
++  verifyStream();
++  if ( stream_.state == STREAM_STOPPED ) {
++    errorText_ = "RtApiDs::stopStream(): the stream is already stopped!";
++    error( RtAudioError::WARNING );
++    return;
++  }
++
++  HRESULT result = 0;
++  LPVOID audioPtr;
++  DWORD dataLen;
++  DsHandle *handle = (DsHandle *) stream_.apiHandle;
++  if ( stream_.mode == OUTPUT || stream_.mode == DUPLEX ) {
++    if ( handle->drainCounter == 0 ) {
++      handle->drainCounter = 2;
++      WaitForSingleObject( handle->condition, INFINITE );  // block until signaled
++    }
++
++    stream_.state = STREAM_STOPPED;
++
++    MUTEX_LOCK( &stream_.mutex );
++
++    // Stop the buffer and clear memory
++    LPDIRECTSOUNDBUFFER buffer = (LPDIRECTSOUNDBUFFER) handle->buffer[0];
++    result = buffer->Stop();
++    if ( FAILED( result ) ) {
++      errorStream_ << "RtApiDs::stopStream: error (" << getErrorString( result ) << ") stopping output buffer!";
++      errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
++      goto unlock;
++    }
++
++    // Lock the buffer and clear it so that if we start to play again,
++    // we won't have old data playing.
++    result = buffer->Lock( 0, handle->dsBufferSize[0], &audioPtr, &dataLen, NULL, NULL, 0 );
++    if ( FAILED( result ) ) {
++      errorStream_ << "RtApiDs::stopStream: error (" << getErrorString( result ) << ") locking output buffer!";
++      errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
++      goto unlock;
++    }
++
++    // Zero the DS buffer
++    ZeroMemory( audioPtr, dataLen );
++
++    // Unlock the DS buffer
++    result = buffer->Unlock( audioPtr, dataLen, NULL, 0 );
++    if ( FAILED( result ) ) {
++      errorStream_ << "RtApiDs::stopStream: error (" << getErrorString( result ) << ") unlocking output buffer!";
++      errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
++      goto unlock;
++    }
++
++    // If we start playing again, we must begin at beginning of buffer.
++    handle->bufferPointer[0] = 0;
++  }
++
++  if ( stream_.mode == INPUT || stream_.mode == DUPLEX ) {
++    LPDIRECTSOUNDCAPTUREBUFFER buffer = (LPDIRECTSOUNDCAPTUREBUFFER) handle->buffer[1];
++    audioPtr = NULL;
++    dataLen = 0;
++
++    stream_.state = STREAM_STOPPED;
++
++    if ( stream_.mode != DUPLEX )
++      MUTEX_LOCK( &stream_.mutex );
++
++    result = buffer->Stop();
++    if ( FAILED( result ) ) {
++      errorStream_ << "RtApiDs::stopStream: error (" << getErrorString( result ) << ") stopping input buffer!";
++      errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
++      goto unlock;
++    }
++
++    // Lock the buffer and clear it so that if we start to play again,
++    // we won't have old data playing.
++    result = buffer->Lock( 0, handle->dsBufferSize[1], &audioPtr, &dataLen, NULL, NULL, 0 );
++    if ( FAILED( result ) ) {
++      errorStream_ << "RtApiDs::stopStream: error (" << getErrorString( result ) << ") locking input buffer!";
++      errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
++      goto unlock;
++    }
++
++    // Zero the DS buffer
++    ZeroMemory( audioPtr, dataLen );
++
++    // Unlock the DS buffer
++    result = buffer->Unlock( audioPtr, dataLen, NULL, 0 );
++    if ( FAILED( result ) ) {
++      errorStream_ << "RtApiDs::stopStream: error (" << getErrorString( result ) << ") unlocking input buffer!";
++      errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
++      goto unlock;
++    }
++
++    // If we start recording again, we must begin at beginning of buffer.
++    handle->bufferPointer[1] = 0;
++  }
++
++ unlock:
++  timeEndPeriod( 1 ); // revert to normal scheduler frequency on lesser windows.
++  MUTEX_UNLOCK( &stream_.mutex );
++
++  if ( FAILED( result ) ) error( RtAudioError::SYSTEM_ERROR );
 +}
 +
-+CallbackInfo *info = (CallbackInfo *) &stream_.callbackInfo;
-+JackHandle *handle = (JackHandle *) stream_.apiHandle;
++void RtApiDs :: abortStream()
++{
++  verifyStream();
++  if ( stream_.state == STREAM_STOPPED ) {
++    errorText_ = "RtApiDs::abortStream(): the stream is already stopped!";
++    error( RtAudioError::WARNING );
++    return;
++  }
 +
-+// Check if we were draining the stream and signal is finished.
-+if ( handle->drainCounter > 3 ) {
-+ThreadHandle threadId;
++  DsHandle *handle = (DsHandle *) stream_.apiHandle;
++  handle->drainCounter = 2;
 +
-+stream_.state = STREAM_STOPPING;
-+if ( handle->internalDrain == true )
-+pthread_create( &threadId, NULL, jackStopStream, info );
-+else
-+pthread_cond_signal( &handle->condition );
-+return SUCCESS;
++  stopStream();
 +}
 +
-+// Invoke user callback first, to get fresh output data.
-+if ( handle->drainCounter == 0 ) {
-+RtAudioCallback callback = (RtAudioCallback) info->callback;
-+double streamTime = getStreamTime();
-+RtAudioStreamStatus status = 0;
-+if ( stream_.mode != INPUT && handle->xrun[0] == true ) {
-+status |= RTAUDIO_OUTPUT_UNDERFLOW;
-+handle->xrun[0] = false;
-+}
-+if ( stream_.mode != OUTPUT && handle->xrun[1] == true ) {
-+status |= RTAUDIO_INPUT_OVERFLOW;
-+handle->xrun[1] = false;
-+}
-+int cbReturnValue = callback( stream_.userBuffer[0], stream_.userBuffer[1],
-+stream_.bufferSize, streamTime, status, info->userData );
-+if ( cbReturnValue == 2 ) {
-+stream_.state = STREAM_STOPPING;
-+handle->drainCounter = 2;
-+ThreadHandle id;
-+pthread_create( &id, NULL, jackStopStream, info );
-+return SUCCESS;
-+}
-+else if ( cbReturnValue == 1 ) {
-+handle->drainCounter = 1;
-+handle->internalDrain = true;
-+}
++void RtApiDs :: callbackEvent()
++{
++  if ( stream_.state == STREAM_STOPPED || stream_.state == STREAM_STOPPING ) {
++    Sleep( 50 ); // sleep 50 milliseconds
++    return;
++  }
++
++  if ( stream_.state == STREAM_CLOSED ) {
++    errorText_ = "RtApiDs::callbackEvent(): the stream is closed ... this shouldn't happen!";
++    error( RtAudioError::WARNING );
++    return;
++  }
++
++  CallbackInfo *info = (CallbackInfo *) &stream_.callbackInfo;
++  DsHandle *handle = (DsHandle *) stream_.apiHandle;
++
++  // Check if we were draining the stream and signal is finished.
++  if ( handle->drainCounter > stream_.nBuffers + 2 ) {
++
++    stream_.state = STREAM_STOPPING;
++    if ( handle->internalDrain == false )
++      SetEvent( handle->condition );
++    else
++      stopStream();
++    return;
++  }
++
++  // Invoke user callback to get fresh output data UNLESS we are
++  // draining stream.
++  if ( handle->drainCounter == 0 ) {
++    RtAudioCallback callback = (RtAudioCallback) info->callback;
++    double streamTime = getStreamTime();
++    RtAudioStreamStatus status = 0;
++    if ( stream_.mode != INPUT && handle->xrun[0] == true ) {
++      status |= RTAUDIO_OUTPUT_UNDERFLOW;
++      handle->xrun[0] = false;
++    }
++    if ( stream_.mode != OUTPUT && handle->xrun[1] == true ) {
++      status |= RTAUDIO_INPUT_OVERFLOW;
++      handle->xrun[1] = false;
++    }
++    int cbReturnValue = callback( stream_.userBuffer[0], stream_.userBuffer[1],
++                                  stream_.bufferSize, streamTime, status, info->userData );
++    if ( cbReturnValue == 2 ) {
++      stream_.state = STREAM_STOPPING;
++      handle->drainCounter = 2;
++      abortStream();
++      return;
++    }
++    else if ( cbReturnValue == 1 ) {
++      handle->drainCounter = 1;
++      handle->internalDrain = true;
++    }
++  }
++
++  HRESULT result;
++  DWORD currentWritePointer, safeWritePointer;
++  DWORD currentReadPointer, safeReadPointer;
++  UINT nextWritePointer;
++
++  LPVOID buffer1 = NULL;
++  LPVOID buffer2 = NULL;
++  DWORD bufferSize1 = 0;
++  DWORD bufferSize2 = 0;
++
++  char *buffer;
++  long bufferBytes;
++
++  MUTEX_LOCK( &stream_.mutex );
++  if ( stream_.state == STREAM_STOPPED ) {
++    MUTEX_UNLOCK( &stream_.mutex );
++    return;
++  }
++
++  if ( buffersRolling == false ) {
++    if ( stream_.mode == DUPLEX ) {
++      //assert( handle->dsBufferSize[0] == handle->dsBufferSize[1] );
++
++      // It takes a while for the devices to get rolling. As a result,
++      // there's no guarantee that the capture and write device pointers
++      // will move in lockstep.  Wait here for both devices to start
++      // rolling, and then set our buffer pointers accordingly.
++      // e.g. Crystal Drivers: the capture buffer starts up 5700 to 9600
++      // bytes later than the write buffer.
++
++      // Stub: a serious risk of having a pre-emptive scheduling round
++      // take place between the two GetCurrentPosition calls... but I'm
++      // really not sure how to solve the problem.  Temporarily boost to
++      // Realtime priority, maybe; but I'm not sure what priority the
++      // DirectSound service threads run at. We *should* be roughly
++      // within a ms or so of correct.
++
++      LPDIRECTSOUNDBUFFER dsWriteBuffer = (LPDIRECTSOUNDBUFFER) handle->buffer[0];
++      LPDIRECTSOUNDCAPTUREBUFFER dsCaptureBuffer = (LPDIRECTSOUNDCAPTUREBUFFER) handle->buffer[1];
++
++      DWORD startSafeWritePointer, startSafeReadPointer;
++
++      result = dsWriteBuffer->GetCurrentPosition( NULL, &startSafeWritePointer );
++      if ( FAILED( result ) ) {
++        errorStream_ << "RtApiDs::callbackEvent: error (" << getErrorString( result ) << ") getting current write position!";
++        errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
++        MUTEX_UNLOCK( &stream_.mutex );
++        error( RtAudioError::SYSTEM_ERROR );
++        return;
++      }
++      result = dsCaptureBuffer->GetCurrentPosition( NULL, &startSafeReadPointer );
++      if ( FAILED( result ) ) {
++        errorStream_ << "RtApiDs::callbackEvent: error (" << getErrorString( result ) << ") getting current read position!";
++        errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
++        MUTEX_UNLOCK( &stream_.mutex );
++        error( RtAudioError::SYSTEM_ERROR );
++        return;
++      }
++      while ( true ) {
++        result = dsWriteBuffer->GetCurrentPosition( NULL, &safeWritePointer );
++        if ( FAILED( result ) ) {
++          errorStream_ << "RtApiDs::callbackEvent: error (" << getErrorString( result ) << ") getting current write position!";
++          errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
++          MUTEX_UNLOCK( &stream_.mutex );
++          error( RtAudioError::SYSTEM_ERROR );
++          return;
++        }
++        result = dsCaptureBuffer->GetCurrentPosition( NULL, &safeReadPointer );
++        if ( FAILED( result ) ) {
++          errorStream_ << "RtApiDs::callbackEvent: error (" << getErrorString( result ) << ") getting current read position!";
++          errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
++          MUTEX_UNLOCK( &stream_.mutex );
++          error( RtAudioError::SYSTEM_ERROR );
++          return;
++        }
++        if ( safeWritePointer != startSafeWritePointer && safeReadPointer != startSafeReadPointer ) break;
++        Sleep( 1 );
++      }
++
++      //assert( handle->dsBufferSize[0] == handle->dsBufferSize[1] );
++
++      handle->bufferPointer[0] = safeWritePointer + handle->dsPointerLeadTime[0];
++      if ( handle->bufferPointer[0] >= handle->dsBufferSize[0] ) handle->bufferPointer[0] -= handle->dsBufferSize[0];
++      handle->bufferPointer[1] = safeReadPointer;
++    }
++    else if ( stream_.mode == OUTPUT ) {
++
++      // Set the proper nextWritePosition after initial startup.
++      LPDIRECTSOUNDBUFFER dsWriteBuffer = (LPDIRECTSOUNDBUFFER) handle->buffer[0];
++      result = dsWriteBuffer->GetCurrentPosition( &currentWritePointer, &safeWritePointer );
++      if ( FAILED( result ) ) {
++        errorStream_ << "RtApiDs::callbackEvent: error (" << getErrorString( result ) << ") getting current write position!";
++        errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
++        MUTEX_UNLOCK( &stream_.mutex );
++        error( RtAudioError::SYSTEM_ERROR );
++        return;
++      }
++      handle->bufferPointer[0] = safeWritePointer + handle->dsPointerLeadTime[0];
++      if ( handle->bufferPointer[0] >= handle->dsBufferSize[0] ) handle->bufferPointer[0] -= handle->dsBufferSize[0];
++    }
++
++    buffersRolling = true;
++  }
++
++  if ( stream_.mode == OUTPUT || stream_.mode == DUPLEX ) {
++    
++    LPDIRECTSOUNDBUFFER dsBuffer = (LPDIRECTSOUNDBUFFER) handle->buffer[0];
++
++    if ( handle->drainCounter > 1 ) { // write zeros to the output stream
++      bufferBytes = stream_.bufferSize * stream_.nUserChannels[0];
++      bufferBytes *= formatBytes( stream_.userFormat );
++      memset( stream_.userBuffer[0], 0, bufferBytes );
++    }
++
++    // Setup parameters and do buffer conversion if necessary.
++    if ( stream_.doConvertBuffer[0] ) {
++      buffer = stream_.deviceBuffer;
++      convertBuffer( buffer, stream_.userBuffer[0], stream_.convertInfo[0] );
++      bufferBytes = stream_.bufferSize * stream_.nDeviceChannels[0];
++      bufferBytes *= formatBytes( stream_.deviceFormat[0] );
++    }
++    else {
++      buffer = stream_.userBuffer[0];
++      bufferBytes = stream_.bufferSize * stream_.nUserChannels[0];
++      bufferBytes *= formatBytes( stream_.userFormat );
++    }
++
++    // No byte swapping necessary in DirectSound implementation.
++
++    // Ahhh ... windoze.  16-bit data is signed but 8-bit data is
++    // unsigned.  So, we need to convert our signed 8-bit data here to
++    // unsigned.
++    if ( stream_.deviceFormat[0] == RTAUDIO_SINT8 )
++      for ( int i=0; i<bufferBytes; i++ ) buffer[i] = (unsigned char) ( buffer[i] + 128 );
++
++    DWORD dsBufferSize = handle->dsBufferSize[0];
++    nextWritePointer = handle->bufferPointer[0];
++
++    DWORD endWrite, leadPointer;
++    while ( true ) {
++      // Find out where the read and "safe write" pointers are.
++      result = dsBuffer->GetCurrentPosition( &currentWritePointer, &safeWritePointer );
++      if ( FAILED( result ) ) {
++        errorStream_ << "RtApiDs::callbackEvent: error (" << getErrorString( result ) << ") getting current write position!";
++        errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
++        MUTEX_UNLOCK( &stream_.mutex );
++        error( RtAudioError::SYSTEM_ERROR );
++        return;
++      }
++
++      // We will copy our output buffer into the region between
++      // safeWritePointer and leadPointer.  If leadPointer is not
++      // beyond the next endWrite position, wait until it is.
++      leadPointer = safeWritePointer + handle->dsPointerLeadTime[0];
++      //std::cout << "safeWritePointer = " << safeWritePointer << ", leadPointer = " << leadPointer << ", nextWritePointer = " << nextWritePointer << std::endl;
++      if ( leadPointer > dsBufferSize ) leadPointer -= dsBufferSize;
++      if ( leadPointer < nextWritePointer ) leadPointer += dsBufferSize; // unwrap offset
++      endWrite = nextWritePointer + bufferBytes;
++
++      // Check whether the entire write region is behind the play pointer.
++      if ( leadPointer >= endWrite ) break;
++
++      // If we are here, then we must wait until the leadPointer advances
++      // beyond the end of our next write region. We use the
++      // Sleep() function to suspend operation until that happens.
++      double millis = ( endWrite - leadPointer ) * 1000.0;
++      millis /= ( formatBytes( stream_.deviceFormat[0]) * stream_.nDeviceChannels[0] * stream_.sampleRate);
++      if ( millis < 1.0 ) millis = 1.0;
++      Sleep( (DWORD) millis );
++    }
++
++    if ( dsPointerBetween( nextWritePointer, safeWritePointer, currentWritePointer, dsBufferSize )
++         || dsPointerBetween( endWrite, safeWritePointer, currentWritePointer, dsBufferSize ) ) { 
++      // We've strayed into the forbidden zone ... resync the read pointer.
++      handle->xrun[0] = true;
++      nextWritePointer = safeWritePointer + handle->dsPointerLeadTime[0] - bufferBytes;
++      if ( nextWritePointer >= dsBufferSize ) nextWritePointer -= dsBufferSize;
++      handle->bufferPointer[0] = nextWritePointer;
++      endWrite = nextWritePointer + bufferBytes;
++    }
++
++    // Lock free space in the buffer
++    result = dsBuffer->Lock( nextWritePointer, bufferBytes, &buffer1,
++                             &bufferSize1, &buffer2, &bufferSize2, 0 );
++    if ( FAILED( result ) ) {
++      errorStream_ << "RtApiDs::callbackEvent: error (" << getErrorString( result ) << ") locking buffer during playback!";
++      errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
++      MUTEX_UNLOCK( &stream_.mutex );
++      error( RtAudioError::SYSTEM_ERROR );
++      return;
++    }
++
++    // Copy our buffer into the DS buffer
++    CopyMemory( buffer1, buffer, bufferSize1 );
++    if ( buffer2 != NULL ) CopyMemory( buffer2, buffer+bufferSize1, bufferSize2 );
++
++    // Update our buffer offset and unlock sound buffer
++    dsBuffer->Unlock( buffer1, bufferSize1, buffer2, bufferSize2 );
++    if ( FAILED( result ) ) {
++      errorStream_ << "RtApiDs::callbackEvent: error (" << getErrorString( result ) << ") unlocking buffer during playback!";
++      errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
++      MUTEX_UNLOCK( &stream_.mutex );
++      error( RtAudioError::SYSTEM_ERROR );
++      return;
++    }
++    nextWritePointer = ( nextWritePointer + bufferSize1 + bufferSize2 ) % dsBufferSize;
++    handle->bufferPointer[0] = nextWritePointer;
++  }
++
++  // Don't bother draining input
++  if ( handle->drainCounter ) {
++    handle->drainCounter++;
++    goto unlock;
++  }
++
++  if ( stream_.mode == INPUT || stream_.mode == DUPLEX ) {
++
++    // Setup parameters.
++    if ( stream_.doConvertBuffer[1] ) {
++      buffer = stream_.deviceBuffer;
++      bufferBytes = stream_.bufferSize * stream_.nDeviceChannels[1];
++      bufferBytes *= formatBytes( stream_.deviceFormat[1] );
++    }
++    else {
++      buffer = stream_.userBuffer[1];
++      bufferBytes = stream_.bufferSize * stream_.nUserChannels[1];
++      bufferBytes *= formatBytes( stream_.userFormat );
++    }
++
++    LPDIRECTSOUNDCAPTUREBUFFER dsBuffer = (LPDIRECTSOUNDCAPTUREBUFFER) handle->buffer[1];
++    long nextReadPointer = handle->bufferPointer[1];
++    DWORD dsBufferSize = handle->dsBufferSize[1];
++
++    // Find out where the write and "safe read" pointers are.
++    result = dsBuffer->GetCurrentPosition( &currentReadPointer, &safeReadPointer );
++    if ( FAILED( result ) ) {
++      errorStream_ << "RtApiDs::callbackEvent: error (" << getErrorString( result ) << ") getting current read position!";
++      errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
++      MUTEX_UNLOCK( &stream_.mutex );
++      error( RtAudioError::SYSTEM_ERROR );
++      return;
++    }
++
++    if ( safeReadPointer < (DWORD)nextReadPointer ) safeReadPointer += dsBufferSize; // unwrap offset
++    DWORD endRead = nextReadPointer + bufferBytes;
++
++    // Handling depends on whether we are INPUT or DUPLEX. 
++    // If we're in INPUT mode then waiting is a good thing. If we're in DUPLEX mode,
++    // then a wait here will drag the write pointers into the forbidden zone.
++    // 
++    // In DUPLEX mode, rather than wait, we will back off the read pointer until 
++    // it's in a safe position. This causes dropouts, but it seems to be the only 
++    // practical way to sync up the read and write pointers reliably, given the 
++    // the very complex relationship between phase and increment of the read and write 
++    // pointers.
++    //
++    // In order to minimize audible dropouts in DUPLEX mode, we will
++    // provide a pre-roll period of 0.5 seconds in which we return
++    // zeros from the read buffer while the pointers sync up.
++
++    if ( stream_.mode == DUPLEX ) {
++      if ( safeReadPointer < endRead ) {
++        if ( duplexPrerollBytes <= 0 ) {
++          // Pre-roll time over. Be more agressive.
++          int adjustment = endRead-safeReadPointer;
++
++          handle->xrun[1] = true;
++          // Two cases:
++          //   - large adjustments: we've probably run out of CPU cycles, so just resync exactly,
++          //     and perform fine adjustments later.
++          //   - small adjustments: back off by twice as much.
++          if ( adjustment >= 2*bufferBytes )
++            nextReadPointer = safeReadPointer-2*bufferBytes;
++          else
++            nextReadPointer = safeReadPointer-bufferBytes-adjustment;
++
++          if ( nextReadPointer < 0 ) nextReadPointer += dsBufferSize;
++
++        }
++        else {
++          // In pre=roll time. Just do it.
++          nextReadPointer = safeReadPointer - bufferBytes;
++          while ( nextReadPointer < 0 ) nextReadPointer += dsBufferSize;
++        }
++        endRead = nextReadPointer + bufferBytes;
++      }
++    }
++    else { // mode == INPUT
++      while ( safeReadPointer < endRead && stream_.callbackInfo.isRunning ) {
++        // See comments for playback.
++        double millis = (endRead - safeReadPointer) * 1000.0;
++        millis /= ( formatBytes(stream_.deviceFormat[1]) * stream_.nDeviceChannels[1] * stream_.sampleRate);
++        if ( millis < 1.0 ) millis = 1.0;
++        Sleep( (DWORD) millis );
++
++        // Wake up and find out where we are now.
++        result = dsBuffer->GetCurrentPosition( &currentReadPointer, &safeReadPointer );
++        if ( FAILED( result ) ) {
++          errorStream_ << "RtApiDs::callbackEvent: error (" << getErrorString( result ) << ") getting current read position!";
++          errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
++          MUTEX_UNLOCK( &stream_.mutex );
++          error( RtAudioError::SYSTEM_ERROR );
++          return;
++        }
++      
++        if ( safeReadPointer < (DWORD)nextReadPointer ) safeReadPointer += dsBufferSize; // unwrap offset
++      }
++    }
++
++    // Lock free space in the buffer
++    result = dsBuffer->Lock( nextReadPointer, bufferBytes, &buffer1,
++                             &bufferSize1, &buffer2, &bufferSize2, 0 );
++    if ( FAILED( result ) ) {
++      errorStream_ << "RtApiDs::callbackEvent: error (" << getErrorString( result ) << ") locking capture buffer!";
++      errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
++      MUTEX_UNLOCK( &stream_.mutex );
++      error( RtAudioError::SYSTEM_ERROR );
++      return;
++    }
++
++    if ( duplexPrerollBytes <= 0 ) {
++      // Copy our buffer into the DS buffer
++      CopyMemory( buffer, buffer1, bufferSize1 );
++      if ( buffer2 != NULL ) CopyMemory( buffer+bufferSize1, buffer2, bufferSize2 );
++    }
++    else {
++      memset( buffer, 0, bufferSize1 );
++      if ( buffer2 != NULL ) memset( buffer + bufferSize1, 0, bufferSize2 );
++      duplexPrerollBytes -= bufferSize1 + bufferSize2;
++    }
++
++    // Update our buffer offset and unlock sound buffer
++    nextReadPointer = ( nextReadPointer + bufferSize1 + bufferSize2 ) % dsBufferSize;
++    dsBuffer->Unlock( buffer1, bufferSize1, buffer2, bufferSize2 );
++    if ( FAILED( result ) ) {
++      errorStream_ << "RtApiDs::callbackEvent: error (" << getErrorString( result ) << ") unlocking capture buffer!";
++      errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
++      MUTEX_UNLOCK( &stream_.mutex );
++      error( RtAudioError::SYSTEM_ERROR );
++      return;
++    }
++    handle->bufferPointer[1] = nextReadPointer;
++
++    // No byte swapping necessary in DirectSound implementation.
++
++    // If necessary, convert 8-bit data from unsigned to signed.
++    if ( stream_.deviceFormat[1] == RTAUDIO_SINT8 )
++      for ( int j=0; j<bufferBytes; j++ ) buffer[j] = (signed char) ( buffer[j] - 128 );
++
++    // Do buffer conversion if necessary.
++    if ( stream_.doConvertBuffer[1] )
++      convertBuffer( stream_.userBuffer[1], stream_.deviceBuffer, stream_.convertInfo[1] );
++  }
++
++ unlock:
++  MUTEX_UNLOCK( &stream_.mutex );
++  RtApi::tickStreamTime();
 +}
 +
-+jack_default_audio_sample_t *jackbuffer;
-+unsigned long bufferBytes = nframes * sizeof( jack_default_audio_sample_t );
-+if ( stream_.mode == OUTPUT || stream_.mode == DUPLEX ) {
++// Definitions for utility functions and callbacks
++// specific to the DirectSound implementation.
++
++static unsigned __stdcall callbackHandler( void *ptr )
++{
++  CallbackInfo *info = (CallbackInfo *) ptr;
++  RtApiDs *object = (RtApiDs *) info->object;
++  bool* isRunning = &info->isRunning;
 +
-+if ( handle->drainCounter > 1 ) { // write zeros to the output stream
++  while ( *isRunning == true ) {
++    object->callbackEvent();
++  }
 +
-+for ( unsigned int i=0; i<stream_.nDeviceChannels[0]; i++ ) {
-+jackbuffer = (jack_default_audio_sample_t *) jack_port_get_buffer( handle->ports[0][i], (jack_nframes_t) nframes );
-+memset( jackbuffer, 0, bufferBytes );
++  _endthreadex( 0 );
++  return 0;
 +}
 +
++static BOOL CALLBACK deviceQueryCallback( LPGUID lpguid,
++                                          LPCTSTR description,
++                                          LPCTSTR /*module*/,
++                                          LPVOID lpContext )
++{
++  struct DsProbeData& probeInfo = *(struct DsProbeData*) lpContext;
++  std::vector<struct DsDevice>& dsDevices = *probeInfo.dsDevices;
++
++  HRESULT hr;
++  bool validDevice = false;
++  if ( probeInfo.isInput == true ) {
++    DSCCAPS caps;
++    LPDIRECTSOUNDCAPTURE object;
++
++    hr = DirectSoundCaptureCreate(  lpguid, &object,   NULL );
++    if ( hr != DS_OK ) return TRUE;
++
++    caps.dwSize = sizeof(caps);
++    hr = object->GetCaps( &caps );
++    if ( hr == DS_OK ) {
++      if ( caps.dwChannels > 0 && caps.dwFormats > 0 )
++        validDevice = true;
++    }
++    object->Release();
++  }
++  else {
++    DSCAPS caps;
++    LPDIRECTSOUND object;
++    hr = DirectSoundCreate(  lpguid, &object,   NULL );
++    if ( hr != DS_OK ) return TRUE;
++
++    caps.dwSize = sizeof(caps);
++    hr = object->GetCaps( &caps );
++    if ( hr == DS_OK ) {
++      if ( caps.dwFlags & DSCAPS_PRIMARYMONO || caps.dwFlags & DSCAPS_PRIMARYSTEREO )
++        validDevice = true;
++    }
++    object->Release();
++  }
++
++  // If good device, then save its name and guid.
++  std::string name = convertCharPointerToStdString( description );
++  //if ( name == "Primary Sound Driver" || name == "Primary Sound Capture Driver" )
++  if ( lpguid == NULL )
++    name = "Default Device";
++  if ( validDevice ) {
++    for ( unsigned int i=0; i<dsDevices.size(); i++ ) {
++      if ( dsDevices[i].name == name ) {
++        dsDevices[i].found = true;
++        if ( probeInfo.isInput ) {
++          dsDevices[i].id[1] = lpguid;
++          dsDevices[i].validId[1] = true;
++        }
++        else {
++          dsDevices[i].id[0] = lpguid;
++          dsDevices[i].validId[0] = true;
++        }
++        return TRUE;
++      }
++    }
++
++    DsDevice device;
++    device.name = name;
++    device.found = true;
++    if ( probeInfo.isInput ) {
++      device.id[1] = lpguid;
++      device.validId[1] = true;
++    }
++    else {
++      device.id[0] = lpguid;
++      device.validId[0] = true;
++    }
++    dsDevices.push_back( device );
++  }
++
++  return TRUE;
 +}
-+else if ( stream_.doConvertBuffer[0] ) {
 +
-+convertBuffer( stream_.deviceBuffer, stream_.userBuffer[0], stream_.convertInfo[0] );
++static const char* getErrorString( int code )
++{
++  switch ( code ) {
 +
-+for ( unsigned int i=0; i<stream_.nDeviceChannels[0]; i++ ) {
-+jackbuffer = (jack_default_audio_sample_t *) jack_port_get_buffer( handle->ports[0][i], (jack_nframes_t) nframes );
-+memcpy( jackbuffer, &stream_.deviceBuffer[i*bufferBytes], bufferBytes );
-+}
-+}
-+else { // no buffer conversion
-+for ( unsigned int i=0; i<stream_.nUserChannels[0]; i++ ) {
-+jackbuffer = (jack_default_audio_sample_t *) jack_port_get_buffer( handle->ports[0][i], (jack_nframes_t) nframes );
-+memcpy( jackbuffer, &stream_.userBuffer[0][i*bufferBytes], bufferBytes );
-+}
-+}
-+}
++  case DSERR_ALLOCATED:
++    return "Already allocated";
 +
-+// Don't bother draining input
-+if ( handle->drainCounter ) {
-+handle->drainCounter++;
-+goto unlock;
-+}
++  case DSERR_CONTROLUNAVAIL:
++    return "Control unavailable";
 +
-+if ( stream_.mode == INPUT || stream_.mode == DUPLEX ) {
++  case DSERR_INVALIDPARAM:
++    return "Invalid parameter";
 +
-+if ( stream_.doConvertBuffer[1] ) {
-+for ( unsigned int i=0; i<stream_.nDeviceChannels[1]; i++ ) {
-+jackbuffer = (jack_default_audio_sample_t *) jack_port_get_buffer( handle->ports[1][i], (jack_nframes_t) nframes );
-+memcpy( &stream_.deviceBuffer[i*bufferBytes], jackbuffer, bufferBytes );
-+}
-+convertBuffer( stream_.userBuffer[1], stream_.deviceBuffer, stream_.convertInfo[1] );
-+}
-+else { // no buffer conversion
-+for ( unsigned int i=0; i<stream_.nUserChannels[1]; i++ ) {
-+jackbuffer = (jack_default_audio_sample_t *) jack_port_get_buffer( handle->ports[1][i], (jack_nframes_t) nframes );
-+memcpy( &stream_.userBuffer[1][i*bufferBytes], jackbuffer, bufferBytes );
-+}
-+}
-+}
++  case DSERR_INVALIDCALL:
++    return "Invalid call";
 +
-+unlock:
-+RtApi::tickStreamTime();
-+return SUCCESS;
-+}
-+//******************** End of __UNIX_JACK__ *********************//
-+#endif
++  case DSERR_GENERIC:
++    return "Generic error";
 +
-+#if defined(__WINDOWS_ASIO__) // ASIO API on Windows
++  case DSERR_PRIOLEVELNEEDED:
++    return "Priority level needed";
 +
-+// The ASIO API is designed around a callback scheme, so this
-+// implementation is similar to that used for OS-X CoreAudio and Linux
-+// Jack.  The primary constraint with ASIO is that it only allows
-+// access to a single driver at a time.  Thus, it is not possible to
-+// have more than one simultaneous RtAudio stream.
-+//
-+// This implementation also requires a number of external ASIO files
-+// and a few global variables.  The ASIO callback scheme does not
-+// allow for the passing of user data, so we must create a global
-+// pointer to our callbackInfo structure.
-+//
-+// On unix systems, we make use of a pthread condition variable.
-+// Since there is no equivalent in Windows, I hacked something based
-+// on information found in
-+// http://www.cs.wustl.edu/~schmidt/win32-cv-1.html.
++  case DSERR_OUTOFMEMORY:
++    return "Out of memory";
 +
-+#include "asiosys.h"
-+#include "asio.h"
-+#include "iasiothiscallresolver.h"
-+#include "asiodrivers.h"
-+#include <cmath>
++  case DSERR_BADFORMAT:
++    return "The sample rate or the channel format is not supported";
 +
-+static AsioDrivers drivers;
-+static ASIOCallbacks asioCallbacks;
-+static ASIODriverInfo driverInfo;
-+static CallbackInfo *asioCallbackInfo;
-+static bool asioXRun;
++  case DSERR_UNSUPPORTED:
++    return "Not supported";
 +
-+struct AsioHandle {
-+int drainCounter;       // Tracks callback counts when draining
-+bool internalDrain;     // Indicates if stop is initiated from callback or not.
-+ASIOBufferInfo *bufferInfos;
-+HANDLE condition;
++  case DSERR_NODRIVER:
++    return "No driver";
 +
-+AsioHandle()
-+:drainCounter(0), internalDrain(false), bufferInfos(0) {}
-+};
++  case DSERR_ALREADYINITIALIZED:
++    return "Already initialized";
 +
-+// Function declarations (definitions at end of section)
-+static const char* getAsioErrorString( ASIOError result );
-+static void sampleRateChanged( ASIOSampleRate sRate );
-+static long asioMessages( long selector, long value, void* message, double* opt );
++  case DSERR_NOAGGREGATION:
++    return "No aggregation";
 +
-+RtApiAsio :: RtApiAsio()
-+{
-+// ASIO cannot run on a multi-threaded appartment. You can call
-+// CoInitialize beforehand, but it must be for appartment threading
-+// (in which case, CoInitilialize will return S_FALSE here).
-+coInitialized_ = false;
-+HRESULT hr = CoInitialize( NULL ); 
-+if ( FAILED(hr) ) {
-+errorText_ = "RtApiAsio::ASIO requires a single-threaded appartment. Call CoInitializeEx(0,COINIT_APARTMENTTHREADED)";
-+error( RtAudioError::WARNING );
-+}
-+coInitialized_ = true;
++  case DSERR_BUFFERLOST:
++    return "Buffer lost";
++
++  case DSERR_OTHERAPPHASPRIO:
++    return "Another application already has priority";
 +
-+drivers.removeCurrentDriver();
-+driverInfo.asioVersion = 2;
++  case DSERR_UNINITIALIZED:
++    return "Uninitialized";
 +
-+// See note in DirectSound implementation about GetDesktopWindow().
-+driverInfo.sysRef = GetForegroundWindow();
++  default:
++    return "DirectSound unknown error";
++  }
 +}
++//******************** End of __WINDOWS_DS__ *********************//
++#endif
 +
-+RtApiAsio :: ~RtApiAsio()
++
++#if defined(__LINUX_ALSA__)
++
++#include <alsa/asoundlib.h>
++#include <unistd.h>
++
++  // A structure to hold various information related to the ALSA API
++  // implementation.
++struct AlsaHandle {
++  snd_pcm_t *handles[2];
++  bool synchronized;
++  bool xrun[2];
++  pthread_cond_t runnable_cv;
++  bool runnable;
++
++  AlsaHandle()
++    :synchronized(false), runnable(false) { xrun[0] = false; xrun[1] = false; }
++};
++
++static void *alsaCallbackHandler( void * ptr );
++
++RtApiAlsa :: RtApiAlsa()
 +{
-+if ( stream_.state != STREAM_CLOSED ) closeStream();
-+if ( coInitialized_ ) CoUninitialize();
++  // Nothing to do here.
 +}
 +
-+unsigned int RtApiAsio :: getDeviceCount( void )
++RtApiAlsa :: ~RtApiAlsa()
 +{
-+return (unsigned int) drivers.asioGetNumDev();
++  if ( stream_.state != STREAM_CLOSED ) closeStream();
 +}
 +
-+RtAudio::DeviceInfo RtApiAsio :: getDeviceInfo( unsigned int device )
++unsigned int RtApiAlsa :: getDeviceCount( void )
 +{
-+RtAudio::DeviceInfo info;
-+info.probed = false;
-+
-+// Get device ID
-+unsigned int nDevices = getDeviceCount();
-+if ( nDevices == 0 ) {
-+errorText_ = "RtApiAsio::getDeviceInfo: no devices found!";
-+error( RtAudioError::INVALID_USE );
-+return info;
++  unsigned nDevices = 0;
++  int result, subdevice, card;
++  char name[64];
++  snd_ctl_t *handle;
++
++  // Count cards and devices
++  card = -1;
++  snd_card_next( &card );
++  while ( card >= 0 ) {
++    sprintf( name, "hw:%d", card );
++    result = snd_ctl_open( &handle, name, 0 );
++    if ( result < 0 ) {
++      errorStream_ << "RtApiAlsa::getDeviceCount: control open, card = " << card << ", " << snd_strerror( result ) << ".";
++      errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
++      error( RtAudioError::WARNING );
++      goto nextcard;
++    }
++    subdevice = -1;
++    while( 1 ) {
++      result = snd_ctl_pcm_next_device( handle, &subdevice );
++      if ( result < 0 ) {
++        errorStream_ << "RtApiAlsa::getDeviceCount: control next device, card = " << card << ", " << snd_strerror( result ) << ".";
++        errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
++        error( RtAudioError::WARNING );
++        break;
++      }
++      if ( subdevice < 0 )
++        break;
++      nDevices++;
++    }
++  nextcard:
++    snd_ctl_close( handle );
++    snd_card_next( &card );
++  }
++
++  result = snd_ctl_open( &handle, "default", 0 );
++  if (result == 0) {
++    nDevices++;
++    snd_ctl_close( handle );
++  }
++
++  return nDevices;
 +}
 +
-+if ( device >= nDevices ) {
-+errorText_ = "RtApiAsio::getDeviceInfo: device ID is invalid!";
-+error( RtAudioError::INVALID_USE );
-+return info;
-+}
-+
-+// If a stream is already open, we cannot probe other devices.  Thus, use the saved results.
-+if ( stream_.state != STREAM_CLOSED ) {
-+if ( device >= devices_.size() ) {
-+errorText_ = "RtApiAsio::getDeviceInfo: device ID was not present before stream was opened.";
-+error( RtAudioError::WARNING );
-+return info;
-+}
-+return devices_[ device ];
-+}
-+
-+char driverName[32];
-+ASIOError result = drivers.asioGetDriverName( (int) device, driverName, 32 );
-+if ( result != ASE_OK ) {
-+errorStream_ << "RtApiAsio::getDeviceInfo: unable to get driver name (" << getAsioErrorString( result ) << ").";
-+errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
-+error( RtAudioError::WARNING );
-+return info;
-+}
-+
-+info.name = driverName;
-+
-+if ( !drivers.loadDriver( driverName ) ) {
-+errorStream_ << "RtApiAsio::getDeviceInfo: unable to load driver (" << driverName << ").";
-+errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
-+error( RtAudioError::WARNING );
-+return info;
-+}
-+
-+result = ASIOInit( &driverInfo );
-+if ( result != ASE_OK ) {
-+errorStream_ << "RtApiAsio::getDeviceInfo: error (" << getAsioErrorString( result ) << ") initializing driver (" << driverName << ").";
-+errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
-+error( RtAudioError::WARNING );
-+return info;
-+}
-+
-+// Determine the device channel information.
-+long inputChannels, outputChannels;
-+result = ASIOGetChannels( &inputChannels, &outputChannels );
-+if ( result != ASE_OK ) {
-+drivers.removeCurrentDriver();
-+errorStream_ << "RtApiAsio::getDeviceInfo: error (" << getAsioErrorString( result ) << ") getting channel count (" << driverName << ").";
-+errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
-+error( RtAudioError::WARNING );
-+return info;
-+}
-+
-+info.outputChannels = outputChannels;
-+info.inputChannels = inputChannels;
-+if ( info.outputChannels > 0 && info.inputChannels > 0 )
-+info.duplexChannels = (info.outputChannels > info.inputChannels) ? info.inputChannels : info.outputChannels;
-+
-+// Determine the supported sample rates.
-+info.sampleRates.clear();
-+for ( unsigned int i=0; i<MAX_SAMPLE_RATES; i++ ) {
-+result = ASIOCanSampleRate( (ASIOSampleRate) SAMPLE_RATES[i] );
-+if ( result == ASE_OK ) {
-+info.sampleRates.push_back( SAMPLE_RATES[i] );
-+
-+if ( !info.preferredSampleRate || ( SAMPLE_RATES[i] <= 48000 && SAMPLE_RATES[i] > info.preferredSampleRate ) )
-+info.preferredSampleRate = SAMPLE_RATES[i];
-+}
-+}
-+
-+// Determine supported data types ... just check first channel and assume rest are the same.
-+ASIOChannelInfo channelInfo;
-+channelInfo.channel = 0;
-+channelInfo.isInput = true;
-+if ( info.inputChannels <= 0 ) channelInfo.isInput = false;
-+result = ASIOGetChannelInfo( &channelInfo );
-+if ( result != ASE_OK ) {
-+drivers.removeCurrentDriver();
-+errorStream_ << "RtApiAsio::getDeviceInfo: error (" << getAsioErrorString( result ) << ") getting driver channel info (" << driverName << ").";
-+errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
-+error( RtAudioError::WARNING );
-+return info;
-+}
-+
-+info.nativeFormats = 0;
-+if ( channelInfo.type == ASIOSTInt16MSB || channelInfo.type == ASIOSTInt16LSB )
-+info.nativeFormats |= RTAUDIO_SINT16;
-+else if ( channelInfo.type == ASIOSTInt32MSB || channelInfo.type == ASIOSTInt32LSB )
-+info.nativeFormats |= RTAUDIO_SINT32;
-+else if ( channelInfo.type == ASIOSTFloat32MSB || channelInfo.type == ASIOSTFloat32LSB )
-+info.nativeFormats |= RTAUDIO_FLOAT32;
-+else if ( channelInfo.type == ASIOSTFloat64MSB || channelInfo.type == ASIOSTFloat64LSB )
-+info.nativeFormats |= RTAUDIO_FLOAT64;
-+else if ( channelInfo.type == ASIOSTInt24MSB || channelInfo.type == ASIOSTInt24LSB )
-+info.nativeFormats |= RTAUDIO_SINT24;
-+
-+if ( info.outputChannels > 0 )
-+if ( getDefaultOutputDevice() == device ) info.isDefaultOutput = true;
-+if ( info.inputChannels > 0 )
-+if ( getDefaultInputDevice() == device ) info.isDefaultInput = true;
-+
-+info.probed = true;
-+drivers.removeCurrentDriver();
-+return info;
-+}
-+
-+static void bufferSwitch( long index, ASIOBool /*processNow*/ )
++RtAudio::DeviceInfo RtApiAlsa :: getDeviceInfo( unsigned int device )
 +{
-+RtApiAsio *object = (RtApiAsio *) asioCallbackInfo->object;
-+object->callbackEvent( index );
++  RtAudio::DeviceInfo info;
++  info.probed = false;
++
++  unsigned nDevices = 0;
++  int result, subdevice, card;
++  char name[64];
++  snd_ctl_t *chandle;
++
++  // Count cards and devices
++  card = -1;
++  subdevice = -1;
++  snd_card_next( &card );
++  while ( card >= 0 ) {
++    sprintf( name, "hw:%d", card );
++    result = snd_ctl_open( &chandle, name, SND_CTL_NONBLOCK );
++    if ( result < 0 ) {
++      errorStream_ << "RtApiAlsa::getDeviceInfo: control open, card = " << card << ", " << snd_strerror( result ) << ".";
++      errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
++      error( RtAudioError::WARNING );
++      goto nextcard;
++    }
++    subdevice = -1;
++    while( 1 ) {
++      result = snd_ctl_pcm_next_device( chandle, &subdevice );
++      if ( result < 0 ) {
++        errorStream_ << "RtApiAlsa::getDeviceInfo: control next device, card = " << card << ", " << snd_strerror( result ) << ".";
++        errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
++        error( RtAudioError::WARNING );
++        break;
++      }
++      if ( subdevice < 0 ) break;
++      if ( nDevices == device ) {
++        sprintf( name, "hw:%d,%d", card, subdevice );
++        goto foundDevice;
++      }
++      nDevices++;
++    }
++  nextcard:
++    snd_ctl_close( chandle );
++    snd_card_next( &card );
++  }
++
++  result = snd_ctl_open( &chandle, "default", SND_CTL_NONBLOCK );
++  if ( result == 0 ) {
++    if ( nDevices == device ) {
++      strcpy( name, "default" );
++      goto foundDevice;
++    }
++    nDevices++;
++  }
++
++  if ( nDevices == 0 ) {
++    errorText_ = "RtApiAlsa::getDeviceInfo: no devices found!";
++    error( RtAudioError::INVALID_USE );
++    return info;
++  }
++
++  if ( device >= nDevices ) {
++    errorText_ = "RtApiAlsa::getDeviceInfo: device ID is invalid!";
++    error( RtAudioError::INVALID_USE );
++    return info;
++  }
++
++ foundDevice:
++
++  // If a stream is already open, we cannot probe the stream devices.
++  // Thus, use the saved results.
++  if ( stream_.state != STREAM_CLOSED &&
++       ( stream_.device[0] == device || stream_.device[1] == device ) ) {
++    snd_ctl_close( chandle );
++    if ( device >= devices_.size() ) {
++      errorText_ = "RtApiAlsa::getDeviceInfo: device ID was not present before stream was opened.";
++      error( RtAudioError::WARNING );
++      return info;
++    }
++    return devices_[ device ];
++  }
++
++  int openMode = SND_PCM_ASYNC;
++  snd_pcm_stream_t stream;
++  snd_pcm_info_t *pcminfo;
++  snd_pcm_info_alloca( &pcminfo );
++  snd_pcm_t *phandle;
++  snd_pcm_hw_params_t *params;
++  snd_pcm_hw_params_alloca( &params );
++
++  // First try for playback unless default device (which has subdev -1)
++  stream = SND_PCM_STREAM_PLAYBACK;
++  snd_pcm_info_set_stream( pcminfo, stream );
++  if ( subdevice != -1 ) {
++    snd_pcm_info_set_device( pcminfo, subdevice );
++    snd_pcm_info_set_subdevice( pcminfo, 0 );
++
++    result = snd_ctl_pcm_info( chandle, pcminfo );
++    if ( result < 0 ) {
++      // Device probably doesn't support playback.
++      goto captureProbe;
++    }
++  }
++
++  result = snd_pcm_open( &phandle, name, stream, openMode | SND_PCM_NONBLOCK );
++  if ( result < 0 ) {
++    errorStream_ << "RtApiAlsa::getDeviceInfo: snd_pcm_open error for device (" << name << "), " << snd_strerror( result ) << ".";
++    errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
++    error( RtAudioError::WARNING );
++    goto captureProbe;
++  }
++
++  // The device is open ... fill the parameter structure.
++  result = snd_pcm_hw_params_any( phandle, params );
++  if ( result < 0 ) {
++    snd_pcm_close( phandle );
++    errorStream_ << "RtApiAlsa::getDeviceInfo: snd_pcm_hw_params error for device (" << name << "), " << snd_strerror( result ) << ".";
++    errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
++    error( RtAudioError::WARNING );
++    goto captureProbe;
++  }
++
++  // Get output channel information.
++  unsigned int value;
++  result = snd_pcm_hw_params_get_channels_max( params, &value );
++  if ( result < 0 ) {
++    snd_pcm_close( phandle );
++    errorStream_ << "RtApiAlsa::getDeviceInfo: error getting device (" << name << ") output channels, " << snd_strerror( result ) << ".";
++    errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
++    error( RtAudioError::WARNING );
++    goto captureProbe;
++  }
++  info.outputChannels = value;
++  snd_pcm_close( phandle );
++
++ captureProbe:
++  stream = SND_PCM_STREAM_CAPTURE;
++  snd_pcm_info_set_stream( pcminfo, stream );
++
++  // Now try for capture unless default device (with subdev = -1)
++  if ( subdevice != -1 ) {
++    result = snd_ctl_pcm_info( chandle, pcminfo );
++    snd_ctl_close( chandle );
++    if ( result < 0 ) {
++      // Device probably doesn't support capture.
++      if ( info.outputChannels == 0 ) return info;
++      goto probeParameters;
++    }
++  }
++  else
++    snd_ctl_close( chandle );
++
++  result = snd_pcm_open( &phandle, name, stream, openMode | SND_PCM_NONBLOCK);
++  if ( result < 0 ) {
++    errorStream_ << "RtApiAlsa::getDeviceInfo: snd_pcm_open error for device (" << name << "), " << snd_strerror( result ) << ".";
++    errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
++    error( RtAudioError::WARNING );
++    if ( info.outputChannels == 0 ) return info;
++    goto probeParameters;
++  }
++
++  // The device is open ... fill the parameter structure.
++  result = snd_pcm_hw_params_any( phandle, params );
++  if ( result < 0 ) {
++    snd_pcm_close( phandle );
++    errorStream_ << "RtApiAlsa::getDeviceInfo: snd_pcm_hw_params error for device (" << name << "), " << snd_strerror( result ) << ".";
++    errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
++    error( RtAudioError::WARNING );
++    if ( info.outputChannels == 0 ) return info;
++    goto probeParameters;
++  }
++
++  result = snd_pcm_hw_params_get_channels_max( params, &value );
++  if ( result < 0 ) {
++    snd_pcm_close( phandle );
++    errorStream_ << "RtApiAlsa::getDeviceInfo: error getting device (" << name << ") input channels, " << snd_strerror( result ) << ".";
++    errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
++    error( RtAudioError::WARNING );
++    if ( info.outputChannels == 0 ) return info;
++    goto probeParameters;
++  }
++  info.inputChannels = value;
++  snd_pcm_close( phandle );
++
++  // If device opens for both playback and capture, we determine the channels.
++  if ( info.outputChannels > 0 && info.inputChannels > 0 )
++    info.duplexChannels = (info.outputChannels > info.inputChannels) ? info.inputChannels : info.outputChannels;
++
++  // ALSA doesn't provide default devices so we'll use the first available one.
++  if ( device == 0 && info.outputChannels > 0 )
++    info.isDefaultOutput = true;
++  if ( device == 0 && info.inputChannels > 0 )
++    info.isDefaultInput = true;
++
++ probeParameters:
++  // At this point, we just need to figure out the supported data
++  // formats and sample rates.  We'll proceed by opening the device in
++  // the direction with the maximum number of channels, or playback if
++  // they are equal.  This might limit our sample rate options, but so
++  // be it.
++
++  if ( info.outputChannels >= info.inputChannels )
++    stream = SND_PCM_STREAM_PLAYBACK;
++  else
++    stream = SND_PCM_STREAM_CAPTURE;
++  snd_pcm_info_set_stream( pcminfo, stream );
++
++  result = snd_pcm_open( &phandle, name, stream, openMode | SND_PCM_NONBLOCK);
++  if ( result < 0 ) {
++    errorStream_ << "RtApiAlsa::getDeviceInfo: snd_pcm_open error for device (" << name << "), " << snd_strerror( result ) << ".";
++    errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
++    error( RtAudioError::WARNING );
++    return info;
++  }
++
++  // The device is open ... fill the parameter structure.
++  result = snd_pcm_hw_params_any( phandle, params );
++  if ( result < 0 ) {
++    snd_pcm_close( phandle );
++    errorStream_ << "RtApiAlsa::getDeviceInfo: snd_pcm_hw_params error for device (" << name << "), " << snd_strerror( result ) << ".";
++    errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
++    error( RtAudioError::WARNING );
++    return info;
++  }
++
++  // Test our discrete set of sample rate values.
++  info.sampleRates.clear();
++  for ( unsigned int i=0; i<MAX_SAMPLE_RATES; i++ ) {
++    if ( snd_pcm_hw_params_test_rate( phandle, params, SAMPLE_RATES[i], 0 ) == 0 ) {
++      info.sampleRates.push_back( SAMPLE_RATES[i] );
++
++      if ( !info.preferredSampleRate || ( SAMPLE_RATES[i] <= 48000 && SAMPLE_RATES[i] > info.preferredSampleRate ) )
++        info.preferredSampleRate = SAMPLE_RATES[i];
++    }
++  }
++  if ( info.sampleRates.size() == 0 ) {
++    snd_pcm_close( phandle );
++    errorStream_ << "RtApiAlsa::getDeviceInfo: no supported sample rates found for device (" << name << ").";
++    errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
++    error( RtAudioError::WARNING );
++    return info;
++  }
++
++  // Probe the supported data formats ... we don't care about endian-ness just yet
++  snd_pcm_format_t format;
++  info.nativeFormats = 0;
++  format = SND_PCM_FORMAT_S8;
++  if ( snd_pcm_hw_params_test_format( phandle, params, format ) == 0 )
++    info.nativeFormats |= RTAUDIO_SINT8;
++  format = SND_PCM_FORMAT_S16;
++  if ( snd_pcm_hw_params_test_format( phandle, params, format ) == 0 )
++    info.nativeFormats |= RTAUDIO_SINT16;
++  format = SND_PCM_FORMAT_S24;
++  if ( snd_pcm_hw_params_test_format( phandle, params, format ) == 0 )
++    info.nativeFormats |= RTAUDIO_SINT24;
++  format = SND_PCM_FORMAT_S32;
++  if ( snd_pcm_hw_params_test_format( phandle, params, format ) == 0 )
++    info.nativeFormats |= RTAUDIO_SINT32;
++  format = SND_PCM_FORMAT_FLOAT;
++  if ( snd_pcm_hw_params_test_format( phandle, params, format ) == 0 )
++    info.nativeFormats |= RTAUDIO_FLOAT32;
++  format = SND_PCM_FORMAT_FLOAT64;
++  if ( snd_pcm_hw_params_test_format( phandle, params, format ) == 0 )
++    info.nativeFormats |= RTAUDIO_FLOAT64;
++
++  // Check that we have at least one supported format
++  if ( info.nativeFormats == 0 ) {
++    snd_pcm_close( phandle );
++    errorStream_ << "RtApiAlsa::getDeviceInfo: pcm device (" << name << ") data format not supported by RtAudio.";
++    errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
++    error( RtAudioError::WARNING );
++    return info;
++  }
++
++  // Get the device name
++  char *cardname;
++  result = snd_card_get_name( card, &cardname );
++  if ( result >= 0 ) {
++    sprintf( name, "hw:%s,%d", cardname, subdevice );
++    free( cardname );
++  }
++  info.name = name;
++
++  // That's all ... close the device and return
++  snd_pcm_close( phandle );
++  info.probed = true;
++  return info;
 +}
 +
-+void RtApiAsio :: saveDeviceInfo( void )
++void RtApiAlsa :: saveDeviceInfo( void )
 +{
-+devices_.clear();
++  devices_.clear();
 +
-+unsigned int nDevices = getDeviceCount();
-+devices_.resize( nDevices );
-+for ( unsigned int i=0; i<nDevices; i++ )
-+devices_[i] = getDeviceInfo( i );
++  unsigned int nDevices = getDeviceCount();
++  devices_.resize( nDevices );
++  for ( unsigned int i=0; i<nDevices; i++ )
++    devices_[i] = getDeviceInfo( i );
 +}
 +
-+bool RtApiAsio :: probeDeviceOpen( unsigned int device, StreamMode mode, unsigned int channels,
-+unsigned int firstChannel, unsigned int sampleRate,
-+RtAudioFormat format, unsigned int *bufferSize,
-+RtAudio::StreamOptions *options )
-+{////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
++bool RtApiAlsa :: probeDeviceOpen( unsigned int device, StreamMode mode, unsigned int channels,
++                                   unsigned int firstChannel, unsigned int sampleRate,
++                                   RtAudioFormat format, unsigned int *bufferSize,
++                                   RtAudio::StreamOptions *options )
 +
-+bool isDuplexInput =  mode == INPUT && stream_.mode == OUTPUT;
++{
++#if defined(__RTAUDIO_DEBUG__)
++  snd_output_t *out;
++  snd_output_stdio_attach(&out, stderr, 0);
++#endif
 +
-+// For ASIO, a duplex stream MUST use the same driver.
-+if ( isDuplexInput && stream_.device[0] != device ) {
-+errorText_ = "RtApiAsio::probeDeviceOpen: an ASIO duplex stream must use the same device for input and output!";
-+return FAILURE;
-+}
++  // I'm not using the "plug" interface ... too much inconsistent behavior.
++
++  unsigned nDevices = 0;
++  int result, subdevice, card;
++  char name[64];
++  snd_ctl_t *chandle;
++
++  if ( options && options->flags & RTAUDIO_ALSA_USE_DEFAULT )
++    snprintf(name, sizeof(name), "%s", "default");
++  else {
++    // Count cards and devices
++    card = -1;
++    snd_card_next( &card );
++    while ( card >= 0 ) {
++      sprintf( name, "hw:%d", card );
++      result = snd_ctl_open( &chandle, name, SND_CTL_NONBLOCK );
++      if ( result < 0 ) {
++        errorStream_ << "RtApiAlsa::probeDeviceOpen: control open, card = " << card << ", " << snd_strerror( result ) << ".";
++        errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
++        return FAILURE;
++      }
++      subdevice = -1;
++      while( 1 ) {
++        result = snd_ctl_pcm_next_device( chandle, &subdevice );
++        if ( result < 0 ) break;
++        if ( subdevice < 0 ) break;
++        if ( nDevices == device ) {
++          sprintf( name, "hw:%d,%d", card, subdevice );
++          snd_ctl_close( chandle );
++          goto foundDevice;
++        }
++        nDevices++;
++      }
++      snd_ctl_close( chandle );
++      snd_card_next( &card );
++    }
++
++    result = snd_ctl_open( &chandle, "default", SND_CTL_NONBLOCK );
++    if ( result == 0 ) {
++      if ( nDevices == device ) {
++        strcpy( name, "default" );
++        goto foundDevice;
++      }
++      nDevices++;
++    }
++
++    if ( nDevices == 0 ) {
++      // This should not happen because a check is made before this function is called.
++      errorText_ = "RtApiAlsa::probeDeviceOpen: no devices found!";
++      return FAILURE;
++    }
++
++    if ( device >= nDevices ) {
++      // This should not happen because a check is made before this function is called.
++      errorText_ = "RtApiAlsa::probeDeviceOpen: device ID is invalid!";
++      return FAILURE;
++    }
++  }
++
++ foundDevice:
++
++  // The getDeviceInfo() function will not work for a device that is
++  // already open.  Thus, we'll probe the system before opening a
++  // stream and save the results for use by getDeviceInfo().
++  if ( mode == OUTPUT || ( mode == INPUT && stream_.mode != OUTPUT ) ) // only do once
++    this->saveDeviceInfo();
++
++  snd_pcm_stream_t stream;
++  if ( mode == OUTPUT )
++    stream = SND_PCM_STREAM_PLAYBACK;
++  else
++    stream = SND_PCM_STREAM_CAPTURE;
++
++  snd_pcm_t *phandle;
++  int openMode = SND_PCM_ASYNC;
++  result = snd_pcm_open( &phandle, name, stream, openMode );
++  if ( result < 0 ) {
++    if ( mode == OUTPUT )
++      errorStream_ << "RtApiAlsa::probeDeviceOpen: pcm device (" << name << ") won't open for output.";
++    else
++      errorStream_ << "RtApiAlsa::probeDeviceOpen: pcm device (" << name << ") won't open for input.";
++    errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
++    return FAILURE;
++  }
++
++  // Fill the parameter structure.
++  snd_pcm_hw_params_t *hw_params;
++  snd_pcm_hw_params_alloca( &hw_params );
++  result = snd_pcm_hw_params_any( phandle, hw_params );
++  if ( result < 0 ) {
++    snd_pcm_close( phandle );
++    errorStream_ << "RtApiAlsa::probeDeviceOpen: error getting pcm device (" << name << ") parameters, " << snd_strerror( result ) << ".";
++    errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
++    return FAILURE;
++  }
 +
-+char driverName[32];
-+ASIOError result = drivers.asioGetDriverName( (int) device, driverName, 32 );
-+if ( result != ASE_OK ) {
-+errorStream_ << "RtApiAsio::probeDeviceOpen: unable to get driver name (" << getAsioErrorString( result ) << ").";
-+errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
-+return FAILURE;
-+}
++#if defined(__RTAUDIO_DEBUG__)
++  fprintf( stderr, "\nRtApiAlsa: dump hardware params just after device open:\n\n" );
++  snd_pcm_hw_params_dump( hw_params, out );
++#endif
 +
-+// Only load the driver once for duplex stream.
-+if ( !isDuplexInput ) {
-+// The getDeviceInfo() function will not work when a stream is open
-+// because ASIO does not allow multiple devices to run at the same
-+// time.  Thus, we'll probe the system before opening a stream and
-+// save the results for use by getDeviceInfo().
-+this->saveDeviceInfo();
-+
-+if ( !drivers.loadDriver( driverName ) ) {
-+errorStream_ << "RtApiAsio::probeDeviceOpen: unable to load driver (" << driverName << ").";
-+errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
-+return FAILURE;
-+}
++  // Set access ... check user preference.
++  if ( options && options->flags & RTAUDIO_NONINTERLEAVED ) {
++    stream_.userInterleaved = false;
++    result = snd_pcm_hw_params_set_access( phandle, hw_params, SND_PCM_ACCESS_RW_NONINTERLEAVED );
++    if ( result < 0 ) {
++      result = snd_pcm_hw_params_set_access( phandle, hw_params, SND_PCM_ACCESS_RW_INTERLEAVED );
++      stream_.deviceInterleaved[mode] =  true;
++    }
++    else
++      stream_.deviceInterleaved[mode] = false;
++  }
++  else {
++    stream_.userInterleaved = true;
++    result = snd_pcm_hw_params_set_access( phandle, hw_params, SND_PCM_ACCESS_RW_INTERLEAVED );
++    if ( result < 0 ) {
++      result = snd_pcm_hw_params_set_access( phandle, hw_params, SND_PCM_ACCESS_RW_NONINTERLEAVED );
++      stream_.deviceInterleaved[mode] =  false;
++    }
++    else
++      stream_.deviceInterleaved[mode] =  true;
++  }
++
++  if ( result < 0 ) {
++    snd_pcm_close( phandle );
++    errorStream_ << "RtApiAlsa::probeDeviceOpen: error setting pcm device (" << name << ") access, " << snd_strerror( result ) << ".";
++    errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
++    return FAILURE;
++  }
++
++  // Determine how to set the device format.
++  stream_.userFormat = format;
++  snd_pcm_format_t deviceFormat = SND_PCM_FORMAT_UNKNOWN;
++
++  if ( format == RTAUDIO_SINT8 )
++    deviceFormat = SND_PCM_FORMAT_S8;
++  else if ( format == RTAUDIO_SINT16 )
++    deviceFormat = SND_PCM_FORMAT_S16;
++  else if ( format == RTAUDIO_SINT24 )
++    deviceFormat = SND_PCM_FORMAT_S24;
++  else if ( format == RTAUDIO_SINT32 )
++    deviceFormat = SND_PCM_FORMAT_S32;
++  else if ( format == RTAUDIO_FLOAT32 )
++    deviceFormat = SND_PCM_FORMAT_FLOAT;
++  else if ( format == RTAUDIO_FLOAT64 )
++    deviceFormat = SND_PCM_FORMAT_FLOAT64;
++
++  if ( snd_pcm_hw_params_test_format(phandle, hw_params, deviceFormat) == 0) {
++    stream_.deviceFormat[mode] = format;
++    goto setFormat;
++  }
++
++  // The user requested format is not natively supported by the device.
++  deviceFormat = SND_PCM_FORMAT_FLOAT64;
++  if ( snd_pcm_hw_params_test_format( phandle, hw_params, deviceFormat ) == 0 ) {
++    stream_.deviceFormat[mode] = RTAUDIO_FLOAT64;
++    goto setFormat;
++  }
++
++  deviceFormat = SND_PCM_FORMAT_FLOAT;
++  if ( snd_pcm_hw_params_test_format(phandle, hw_params, deviceFormat ) == 0 ) {
++    stream_.deviceFormat[mode] = RTAUDIO_FLOAT32;
++    goto setFormat;
++  }
++
++  deviceFormat = SND_PCM_FORMAT_S32;
++  if ( snd_pcm_hw_params_test_format(phandle, hw_params, deviceFormat ) == 0 ) {
++    stream_.deviceFormat[mode] = RTAUDIO_SINT32;
++    goto setFormat;
++  }
++
++  deviceFormat = SND_PCM_FORMAT_S24;
++  if ( snd_pcm_hw_params_test_format(phandle, hw_params, deviceFormat ) == 0 ) {
++    stream_.deviceFormat[mode] = RTAUDIO_SINT24;
++    goto setFormat;
++  }
++
++  deviceFormat = SND_PCM_FORMAT_S16;
++  if ( snd_pcm_hw_params_test_format(phandle, hw_params, deviceFormat ) == 0 ) {
++    stream_.deviceFormat[mode] = RTAUDIO_SINT16;
++    goto setFormat;
++  }
++
++  deviceFormat = SND_PCM_FORMAT_S8;
++  if ( snd_pcm_hw_params_test_format(phandle, hw_params, deviceFormat ) == 0 ) {
++    stream_.deviceFormat[mode] = RTAUDIO_SINT8;
++    goto setFormat;
++  }
++
++  // If we get here, no supported format was found.
++  snd_pcm_close( phandle );
++  errorStream_ << "RtApiAlsa::probeDeviceOpen: pcm device " << device << " data format not supported by RtAudio.";
++  errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
++  return FAILURE;
++
++ setFormat:
++  result = snd_pcm_hw_params_set_format( phandle, hw_params, deviceFormat );
++  if ( result < 0 ) {
++    snd_pcm_close( phandle );
++    errorStream_ << "RtApiAlsa::probeDeviceOpen: error setting pcm device (" << name << ") data format, " << snd_strerror( result ) << ".";
++    errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
++    return FAILURE;
++  }
++
++  // Determine whether byte-swaping is necessary.
++  stream_.doByteSwap[mode] = false;
++  if ( deviceFormat != SND_PCM_FORMAT_S8 ) {
++    result = snd_pcm_format_cpu_endian( deviceFormat );
++    if ( result == 0 )
++      stream_.doByteSwap[mode] = true;
++    else if (result < 0) {
++      snd_pcm_close( phandle );
++      errorStream_ << "RtApiAlsa::probeDeviceOpen: error getting pcm device (" << name << ") endian-ness, " << snd_strerror( result ) << ".";
++      errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
++      return FAILURE;
++    }
++  }
++
++  // Set the sample rate.
++  result = snd_pcm_hw_params_set_rate_near( phandle, hw_params, (unsigned int*) &sampleRate, 0 );
++  if ( result < 0 ) {
++    snd_pcm_close( phandle );
++    errorStream_ << "RtApiAlsa::probeDeviceOpen: error setting sample rate on device (" << name << "), " << snd_strerror( result ) << ".";
++    errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
++    return FAILURE;
++  }
++
++  // Determine the number of channels for this device.  We support a possible
++  // minimum device channel number > than the value requested by the user.
++  stream_.nUserChannels[mode] = channels;
++  unsigned int value;
++  result = snd_pcm_hw_params_get_channels_max( hw_params, &value );
++  unsigned int deviceChannels = value;
++  if ( result < 0 || deviceChannels < channels + firstChannel ) {
++    snd_pcm_close( phandle );
++    errorStream_ << "RtApiAlsa::probeDeviceOpen: requested channel parameters not supported by device (" << name << "), " << snd_strerror( result ) << ".";
++    errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
++    return FAILURE;
++  }
++
++  result = snd_pcm_hw_params_get_channels_min( hw_params, &value );
++  if ( result < 0 ) {
++    snd_pcm_close( phandle );
++    errorStream_ << "RtApiAlsa::probeDeviceOpen: error getting minimum channels for device (" << name << "), " << snd_strerror( result ) << ".";
++    errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
++    return FAILURE;
++  }
++  deviceChannels = value;
++  if ( deviceChannels < channels + firstChannel ) deviceChannels = channels + firstChannel;
++  stream_.nDeviceChannels[mode] = deviceChannels;
++
++  // Set the device channels.
++  result = snd_pcm_hw_params_set_channels( phandle, hw_params, deviceChannels );
++  if ( result < 0 ) {
++    snd_pcm_close( phandle );
++    errorStream_ << "RtApiAlsa::probeDeviceOpen: error setting channels for device (" << name << "), " << snd_strerror( result ) << ".";
++    errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
++    return FAILURE;
++  }
++
++  // Set the buffer (or period) size.
++  int dir = 0;
++  snd_pcm_uframes_t periodSize = *bufferSize;
++  result = snd_pcm_hw_params_set_period_size_near( phandle, hw_params, &periodSize, &dir );
++  if ( result < 0 ) {
++    snd_pcm_close( phandle );
++    errorStream_ << "RtApiAlsa::probeDeviceOpen: error setting period size for device (" << name << "), " << snd_strerror( result ) << ".";
++    errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
++    return FAILURE;
++  }
++  *bufferSize = periodSize;
++
++  // Set the buffer number, which in ALSA is referred to as the "period".
++  unsigned int periods = 0;
++  if ( options && options->flags & RTAUDIO_MINIMIZE_LATENCY ) periods = 2;
++  if ( options && options->numberOfBuffers > 0 ) periods = options->numberOfBuffers;
++  if ( periods < 2 ) periods = 4; // a fairly safe default value
++  result = snd_pcm_hw_params_set_periods_near( phandle, hw_params, &periods, &dir );
++  if ( result < 0 ) {
++    snd_pcm_close( phandle );
++    errorStream_ << "RtApiAlsa::probeDeviceOpen: error setting periods for device (" << name << "), " << snd_strerror( result ) << ".";
++    errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
++    return FAILURE;
++  }
++
++  // If attempting to setup a duplex stream, the bufferSize parameter
++  // MUST be the same in both directions!
++  if ( stream_.mode == OUTPUT && mode == INPUT && *bufferSize != stream_.bufferSize ) {
++    snd_pcm_close( phandle );
++    errorStream_ << "RtApiAlsa::probeDeviceOpen: system error setting buffer size for duplex stream on device (" << name << ").";
++    errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
++    return FAILURE;
++  }
++
++  stream_.bufferSize = *bufferSize;
++
++  // Install the hardware configuration
++  result = snd_pcm_hw_params( phandle, hw_params );
++  if ( result < 0 ) {
++    snd_pcm_close( phandle );
++    errorStream_ << "RtApiAlsa::probeDeviceOpen: error installing hardware configuration on device (" << name << "), " << snd_strerror( result ) << ".";
++    errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
++    return FAILURE;
++  }
 +
-+result = ASIOInit( &driverInfo );
-+if ( result != ASE_OK ) {
-+errorStream_ << "RtApiAsio::probeDeviceOpen: error (" << getAsioErrorString( result ) << ") initializing driver (" << driverName << ").";
-+errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
-+return FAILURE;
-+}
-+}
++#if defined(__RTAUDIO_DEBUG__)
++  fprintf(stderr, "\nRtApiAlsa: dump hardware params after installation:\n\n");
++  snd_pcm_hw_params_dump( hw_params, out );
++#endif
 +
-+// keep them before any "goto error", they are used for error cleanup + goto device boundary checks
-+bool buffersAllocated = false;
-+AsioHandle *handle = (AsioHandle *) stream_.apiHandle;
-+unsigned int nChannels;
++  // Set the software configuration to fill buffers with zeros and prevent device stopping on xruns.
++  snd_pcm_sw_params_t *sw_params = NULL;
++  snd_pcm_sw_params_alloca( &sw_params );
++  snd_pcm_sw_params_current( phandle, sw_params );
++  snd_pcm_sw_params_set_start_threshold( phandle, sw_params, *bufferSize );
++  snd_pcm_sw_params_set_stop_threshold( phandle, sw_params, ULONG_MAX );
++  snd_pcm_sw_params_set_silence_threshold( phandle, sw_params, 0 );
++
++  // The following two settings were suggested by Theo Veenker
++  //snd_pcm_sw_params_set_avail_min( phandle, sw_params, *bufferSize );
++  //snd_pcm_sw_params_set_xfer_align( phandle, sw_params, 1 );
++
++  // here are two options for a fix
++  //snd_pcm_sw_params_set_silence_size( phandle, sw_params, ULONG_MAX );
++  snd_pcm_uframes_t val;
++  snd_pcm_sw_params_get_boundary( sw_params, &val );
++  snd_pcm_sw_params_set_silence_size( phandle, sw_params, val );
++
++  result = snd_pcm_sw_params( phandle, sw_params );
++  if ( result < 0 ) {
++    snd_pcm_close( phandle );
++    errorStream_ << "RtApiAlsa::probeDeviceOpen: error installing software configuration on device (" << name << "), " << snd_strerror( result ) << ".";
++    errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
++    return FAILURE;
++  }
 +
++#if defined(__RTAUDIO_DEBUG__)
++  fprintf(stderr, "\nRtApiAlsa: dump software params after installation:\n\n");
++  snd_pcm_sw_params_dump( sw_params, out );
++#endif
 +
-+// Check the device channel count.
-+long inputChannels, outputChannels;
-+result = ASIOGetChannels( &inputChannels, &outputChannels );
-+if ( result != ASE_OK ) {
-+errorStream_ << "RtApiAsio::probeDeviceOpen: error (" << getAsioErrorString( result ) << ") getting channel count (" << driverName << ").";
-+errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
-+goto error;
-+}
++  // Set flags for buffer conversion
++  stream_.doConvertBuffer[mode] = false;
++  if ( stream_.userFormat != stream_.deviceFormat[mode] )
++    stream_.doConvertBuffer[mode] = true;
++  if ( stream_.nUserChannels[mode] < stream_.nDeviceChannels[mode] )
++    stream_.doConvertBuffer[mode] = true;
++  if ( stream_.userInterleaved != stream_.deviceInterleaved[mode] &&
++       stream_.nUserChannels[mode] > 1 )
++    stream_.doConvertBuffer[mode] = true;
++
++  // Allocate the ApiHandle if necessary and then save.
++  AlsaHandle *apiInfo = 0;
++  if ( stream_.apiHandle == 0 ) {
++    try {
++      apiInfo = (AlsaHandle *) new AlsaHandle;
++    }
++    catch ( std::bad_alloc& ) {
++      errorText_ = "RtApiAlsa::probeDeviceOpen: error allocating AlsaHandle memory.";
++      goto error;
++    }
++
++    if ( pthread_cond_init( &apiInfo->runnable_cv, NULL ) ) {
++      errorText_ = "RtApiAlsa::probeDeviceOpen: error initializing pthread condition variable.";
++      goto error;
++    }
++
++    stream_.apiHandle = (void *) apiInfo;
++    apiInfo->handles[0] = 0;
++    apiInfo->handles[1] = 0;
++  }
++  else {
++    apiInfo = (AlsaHandle *) stream_.apiHandle;
++  }
++  apiInfo->handles[mode] = phandle;
++  phandle = 0;
++
++  // Allocate necessary internal buffers.
++  unsigned long bufferBytes;
++  bufferBytes = stream_.nUserChannels[mode] * *bufferSize * formatBytes( stream_.userFormat );
++  stream_.userBuffer[mode] = (char *) calloc( bufferBytes, 1 );
++  if ( stream_.userBuffer[mode] == NULL ) {
++    errorText_ = "RtApiAlsa::probeDeviceOpen: error allocating user buffer memory.";
++    goto error;
++  }
++
++  if ( stream_.doConvertBuffer[mode] ) {
++
++    bool makeBuffer = true;
++    bufferBytes = stream_.nDeviceChannels[mode] * formatBytes( stream_.deviceFormat[mode] );
++    if ( mode == INPUT ) {
++      if ( stream_.mode == OUTPUT && stream_.deviceBuffer ) {
++        unsigned long bytesOut = stream_.nDeviceChannels[0] * formatBytes( stream_.deviceFormat[0] );
++        if ( bufferBytes <= bytesOut ) makeBuffer = false;
++      }
++    }
++
++    if ( makeBuffer ) {
++      bufferBytes *= *bufferSize;
++      if ( stream_.deviceBuffer ) free( stream_.deviceBuffer );
++      stream_.deviceBuffer = (char *) calloc( bufferBytes, 1 );
++      if ( stream_.deviceBuffer == NULL ) {
++        errorText_ = "RtApiAlsa::probeDeviceOpen: error allocating device buffer memory.";
++        goto error;
++      }
++    }
++  }
++
++  stream_.sampleRate = sampleRate;
++  stream_.nBuffers = periods;
++  stream_.device[mode] = device;
++  stream_.state = STREAM_STOPPED;
++
++  // Setup the buffer conversion information structure.
++  if ( stream_.doConvertBuffer[mode] ) setConvertInfo( mode, firstChannel );
++
++  // Setup thread if necessary.
++  if ( stream_.mode == OUTPUT && mode == INPUT ) {
++    // We had already set up an output stream.
++    stream_.mode = DUPLEX;
++    // Link the streams if possible.
++    apiInfo->synchronized = false;
++    if ( snd_pcm_link( apiInfo->handles[0], apiInfo->handles[1] ) == 0 )
++      apiInfo->synchronized = true;
++    else {
++      errorText_ = "RtApiAlsa::probeDeviceOpen: unable to synchronize input and output devices.";
++      error( RtAudioError::WARNING );
++    }
++  }
++  else {
++    stream_.mode = mode;
++
++    // Setup callback thread.
++    stream_.callbackInfo.object = (void *) this;
++
++    // Set the thread attributes for joinable and realtime scheduling
++    // priority (optional).  The higher priority will only take affect
++    // if the program is run as root or suid. Note, under Linux
++    // processes with CAP_SYS_NICE privilege, a user can change
++    // scheduling policy and priority (thus need not be root). See
++    // POSIX "capabilities".
++    pthread_attr_t attr;
++    pthread_attr_init( &attr );
++    pthread_attr_setdetachstate( &attr, PTHREAD_CREATE_JOINABLE );
 +
-+if ( ( mode == OUTPUT && (channels+firstChannel) > (unsigned int) outputChannels) ||
-+( mode == INPUT && (channels+firstChannel) > (unsigned int) inputChannels) ) {
-+errorStream_ << "RtApiAsio::probeDeviceOpen: driver (" << driverName << ") does not support requested channel count (" << channels << ") + offset (" << firstChannel << ").";
-+errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
-+goto error;
-+}
-+stream_.nDeviceChannels[mode] = channels;
-+stream_.nUserChannels[mode] = channels;
-+stream_.channelOffset[mode] = firstChannel;
-+
-+// Verify the sample rate is supported.
-+result = ASIOCanSampleRate( (ASIOSampleRate) sampleRate );
-+if ( result != ASE_OK ) {
-+errorStream_ << "RtApiAsio::probeDeviceOpen: driver (" << driverName << ") does not support requested sample rate (" << sampleRate << ").";
-+errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
-+goto error;
-+}
++#ifdef SCHED_RR // Undefined with some OSes (eg: NetBSD 1.6.x with GNU Pthread)
++    if ( options && options->flags & RTAUDIO_SCHEDULE_REALTIME ) {
++      // We previously attempted to increase the audio callback priority
++      // to SCHED_RR here via the attributes.  However, while no errors
++      // were reported in doing so, it did not work.  So, now this is
++      // done in the alsaCallbackHandler function.
++      stream_.callbackInfo.doRealtime = true;
++      int priority = options->priority;
++      int min = sched_get_priority_min( SCHED_RR );
++      int max = sched_get_priority_max( SCHED_RR );
++      if ( priority < min ) priority = min;
++      else if ( priority > max ) priority = max;
++      stream_.callbackInfo.priority = priority;
++    }
++#endif
 +
-+// Get the current sample rate
-+ASIOSampleRate currentRate;
-+result = ASIOGetSampleRate( &currentRate );
-+if ( result != ASE_OK ) {
-+errorStream_ << "RtApiAsio::probeDeviceOpen: driver (" << driverName << ") error getting sample rate.";
-+errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
-+goto error;
++    stream_.callbackInfo.isRunning = true;
++    result = pthread_create( &stream_.callbackInfo.thread, &attr, alsaCallbackHandler, &stream_.callbackInfo );
++    pthread_attr_destroy( &attr );
++    if ( result ) {
++      stream_.callbackInfo.isRunning = false;
++      errorText_ = "RtApiAlsa::error creating callback thread!";
++      goto error;
++    }
++  }
++
++  return SUCCESS;
++
++ error:
++  if ( apiInfo ) {
++    pthread_cond_destroy( &apiInfo->runnable_cv );
++    if ( apiInfo->handles[0] ) snd_pcm_close( apiInfo->handles[0] );
++    if ( apiInfo->handles[1] ) snd_pcm_close( apiInfo->handles[1] );
++    delete apiInfo;
++    stream_.apiHandle = 0;
++  }
++
++  if ( phandle) snd_pcm_close( phandle );
++
++  for ( int i=0; i<2; i++ ) {
++    if ( stream_.userBuffer[i] ) {
++      free( stream_.userBuffer[i] );
++      stream_.userBuffer[i] = 0;
++    }
++  }
++
++  if ( stream_.deviceBuffer ) {
++    free( stream_.deviceBuffer );
++    stream_.deviceBuffer = 0;
++  }
++
++  stream_.state = STREAM_CLOSED;
++  return FAILURE;
 +}
 +
-+// Set the sample rate only if necessary
-+if ( currentRate != sampleRate ) {
-+result = ASIOSetSampleRate( (ASIOSampleRate) sampleRate );
-+if ( result != ASE_OK ) {
-+errorStream_ << "RtApiAsio::probeDeviceOpen: driver (" << driverName << ") error setting sample rate (" << sampleRate << ").";
-+errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
-+goto error;
-+}
++void RtApiAlsa :: closeStream()
++{
++  if ( stream_.state == STREAM_CLOSED ) {
++    errorText_ = "RtApiAlsa::closeStream(): no open stream to close!";
++    error( RtAudioError::WARNING );
++    return;
++  }
++
++  AlsaHandle *apiInfo = (AlsaHandle *) stream_.apiHandle;
++  stream_.callbackInfo.isRunning = false;
++  MUTEX_LOCK( &stream_.mutex );
++  if ( stream_.state == STREAM_STOPPED ) {
++    apiInfo->runnable = true;
++    pthread_cond_signal( &apiInfo->runnable_cv );
++  }
++  MUTEX_UNLOCK( &stream_.mutex );
++  pthread_join( stream_.callbackInfo.thread, NULL );
++
++  if ( stream_.state == STREAM_RUNNING ) {
++    stream_.state = STREAM_STOPPED;
++    if ( stream_.mode == OUTPUT || stream_.mode == DUPLEX )
++      snd_pcm_drop( apiInfo->handles[0] );
++    if ( stream_.mode == INPUT || stream_.mode == DUPLEX )
++      snd_pcm_drop( apiInfo->handles[1] );
++  }
++
++  if ( apiInfo ) {
++    pthread_cond_destroy( &apiInfo->runnable_cv );
++    if ( apiInfo->handles[0] ) snd_pcm_close( apiInfo->handles[0] );
++    if ( apiInfo->handles[1] ) snd_pcm_close( apiInfo->handles[1] );
++    delete apiInfo;
++    stream_.apiHandle = 0;
++  }
++
++  for ( int i=0; i<2; i++ ) {
++    if ( stream_.userBuffer[i] ) {
++      free( stream_.userBuffer[i] );
++      stream_.userBuffer[i] = 0;
++    }
++  }
++
++  if ( stream_.deviceBuffer ) {
++    free( stream_.deviceBuffer );
++    stream_.deviceBuffer = 0;
++  }
++
++  stream_.mode = UNINITIALIZED;
++  stream_.state = STREAM_CLOSED;
 +}
 +
-+// Determine the driver data type.
-+ASIOChannelInfo channelInfo;
-+channelInfo.channel = 0;
-+if ( mode == OUTPUT ) channelInfo.isInput = false;
-+else channelInfo.isInput = true;
-+result = ASIOGetChannelInfo( &channelInfo );
-+if ( result != ASE_OK ) {
-+errorStream_ << "RtApiAsio::probeDeviceOpen: driver (" << driverName << ") error (" << getAsioErrorString( result ) << ") getting data format.";
-+errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
-+goto error;
++void RtApiAlsa :: startStream()
++{
++  // This method calls snd_pcm_prepare if the device isn't already in that state.
++
++  verifyStream();
++  if ( stream_.state == STREAM_RUNNING ) {
++    errorText_ = "RtApiAlsa::startStream(): the stream is already running!";
++    error( RtAudioError::WARNING );
++    return;
++  }
++
++  MUTEX_LOCK( &stream_.mutex );
++
++  int result = 0;
++  snd_pcm_state_t state;
++  AlsaHandle *apiInfo = (AlsaHandle *) stream_.apiHandle;
++  snd_pcm_t **handle = (snd_pcm_t **) apiInfo->handles;
++  if ( stream_.mode == OUTPUT || stream_.mode == DUPLEX ) {
++    state = snd_pcm_state( handle[0] );
++    if ( state != SND_PCM_STATE_PREPARED ) {
++      result = snd_pcm_prepare( handle[0] );
++      if ( result < 0 ) {
++        errorStream_ << "RtApiAlsa::startStream: error preparing output pcm device, " << snd_strerror( result ) << ".";
++        errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
++        goto unlock;
++      }
++    }
++  }
++
++  if ( ( stream_.mode == INPUT || stream_.mode == DUPLEX ) && !apiInfo->synchronized ) {
++    result = snd_pcm_drop(handle[1]); // fix to remove stale data received since device has been open
++    state = snd_pcm_state( handle[1] );
++    if ( state != SND_PCM_STATE_PREPARED ) {
++      result = snd_pcm_prepare( handle[1] );
++      if ( result < 0 ) {
++        errorStream_ << "RtApiAlsa::startStream: error preparing input pcm device, " << snd_strerror( result ) << ".";
++        errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
++        goto unlock;
++      }
++    }
++  }
++
++  stream_.state = STREAM_RUNNING;
++
++ unlock:
++  apiInfo->runnable = true;
++  pthread_cond_signal( &apiInfo->runnable_cv );
++  MUTEX_UNLOCK( &stream_.mutex );
++
++  if ( result >= 0 ) return;
++  error( RtAudioError::SYSTEM_ERROR );
 +}
 +
-+// Assuming WINDOWS host is always little-endian.
-+stream_.doByteSwap[mode] = false;
-+stream_.userFormat = format;
-+stream_.deviceFormat[mode] = 0;
-+if ( channelInfo.type == ASIOSTInt16MSB || channelInfo.type == ASIOSTInt16LSB ) {
-+stream_.deviceFormat[mode] = RTAUDIO_SINT16;
-+if ( channelInfo.type == ASIOSTInt16MSB ) stream_.doByteSwap[mode] = true;
-+}
-+else if ( channelInfo.type == ASIOSTInt32MSB || channelInfo.type == ASIOSTInt32LSB ) {
-+stream_.deviceFormat[mode] = RTAUDIO_SINT32;
-+if ( channelInfo.type == ASIOSTInt32MSB ) stream_.doByteSwap[mode] = true;
-+}
-+else if ( channelInfo.type == ASIOSTFloat32MSB || channelInfo.type == ASIOSTFloat32LSB ) {
-+stream_.deviceFormat[mode] = RTAUDIO_FLOAT32;
-+if ( channelInfo.type == ASIOSTFloat32MSB ) stream_.doByteSwap[mode] = true;
-+}
-+else if ( channelInfo.type == ASIOSTFloat64MSB || channelInfo.type == ASIOSTFloat64LSB ) {
-+stream_.deviceFormat[mode] = RTAUDIO_FLOAT64;
-+if ( channelInfo.type == ASIOSTFloat64MSB ) stream_.doByteSwap[mode] = true;
-+}
-+else if ( channelInfo.type == ASIOSTInt24MSB || channelInfo.type == ASIOSTInt24LSB ) {
-+stream_.deviceFormat[mode] = RTAUDIO_SINT24;
-+if ( channelInfo.type == ASIOSTInt24MSB ) stream_.doByteSwap[mode] = true;
++void RtApiAlsa :: stopStream()
++{
++  verifyStream();
++  if ( stream_.state == STREAM_STOPPED ) {
++    errorText_ = "RtApiAlsa::stopStream(): the stream is already stopped!";
++    error( RtAudioError::WARNING );
++    return;
++  }
++
++  stream_.state = STREAM_STOPPED;
++  MUTEX_LOCK( &stream_.mutex );
++
++  int result = 0;
++  AlsaHandle *apiInfo = (AlsaHandle *) stream_.apiHandle;
++  snd_pcm_t **handle = (snd_pcm_t **) apiInfo->handles;
++  if ( stream_.mode == OUTPUT || stream_.mode == DUPLEX ) {
++    if ( apiInfo->synchronized ) 
++      result = snd_pcm_drop( handle[0] );
++    else
++      result = snd_pcm_drain( handle[0] );
++    if ( result < 0 ) {
++      errorStream_ << "RtApiAlsa::stopStream: error draining output pcm device, " << snd_strerror( result ) << ".";
++      errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
++      goto unlock;
++    }
++  }
++
++  if ( ( stream_.mode == INPUT || stream_.mode == DUPLEX ) && !apiInfo->synchronized ) {
++    result = snd_pcm_drop( handle[1] );
++    if ( result < 0 ) {
++      errorStream_ << "RtApiAlsa::stopStream: error stopping input pcm device, " << snd_strerror( result ) << ".";
++      errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
++      goto unlock;
++    }
++  }
++
++ unlock:
++  apiInfo->runnable = false; // fixes high CPU usage when stopped
++  MUTEX_UNLOCK( &stream_.mutex );
++
++  if ( result >= 0 ) return;
++  error( RtAudioError::SYSTEM_ERROR );
 +}
 +
-+if ( stream_.deviceFormat[mode] == 0 ) {
-+errorStream_ << "RtApiAsio::probeDeviceOpen: driver (" << driverName << ") data format not supported by RtAudio.";
-+errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
-+goto error;
++void RtApiAlsa :: abortStream()
++{
++  verifyStream();
++  if ( stream_.state == STREAM_STOPPED ) {
++    errorText_ = "RtApiAlsa::abortStream(): the stream is already stopped!";
++    error( RtAudioError::WARNING );
++    return;
++  }
++
++  stream_.state = STREAM_STOPPED;
++  MUTEX_LOCK( &stream_.mutex );
++
++  int result = 0;
++  AlsaHandle *apiInfo = (AlsaHandle *) stream_.apiHandle;
++  snd_pcm_t **handle = (snd_pcm_t **) apiInfo->handles;
++  if ( stream_.mode == OUTPUT || stream_.mode == DUPLEX ) {
++    result = snd_pcm_drop( handle[0] );
++    if ( result < 0 ) {
++      errorStream_ << "RtApiAlsa::abortStream: error aborting output pcm device, " << snd_strerror( result ) << ".";
++      errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
++      goto unlock;
++    }
++  }
++
++  if ( ( stream_.mode == INPUT || stream_.mode == DUPLEX ) && !apiInfo->synchronized ) {
++    result = snd_pcm_drop( handle[1] );
++    if ( result < 0 ) {
++      errorStream_ << "RtApiAlsa::abortStream: error aborting input pcm device, " << snd_strerror( result ) << ".";
++      errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
++      goto unlock;
++    }
++  }
++
++ unlock:
++  apiInfo->runnable = false; // fixes high CPU usage when stopped
++  MUTEX_UNLOCK( &stream_.mutex );
++
++  if ( result >= 0 ) return;
++  error( RtAudioError::SYSTEM_ERROR );
 +}
 +
-+// Set the buffer size.  For a duplex stream, this will end up
-+// setting the buffer size based on the input constraints, which
-+// should be ok.
-+long minSize, maxSize, preferSize, granularity;
-+result = ASIOGetBufferSize( &minSize, &maxSize, &preferSize, &granularity );
-+if ( result != ASE_OK ) {
-+errorStream_ << "RtApiAsio::probeDeviceOpen: driver (" << driverName << ") error (" << getAsioErrorString( result ) << ") getting buffer size.";
-+errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
-+goto error;
++void RtApiAlsa :: callbackEvent()
++{
++  AlsaHandle *apiInfo = (AlsaHandle *) stream_.apiHandle;
++  if ( stream_.state == STREAM_STOPPED ) {
++    MUTEX_LOCK( &stream_.mutex );
++    while ( !apiInfo->runnable )
++      pthread_cond_wait( &apiInfo->runnable_cv, &stream_.mutex );
++
++    if ( stream_.state != STREAM_RUNNING ) {
++      MUTEX_UNLOCK( &stream_.mutex );
++      return;
++    }
++    MUTEX_UNLOCK( &stream_.mutex );
++  }
++
++  if ( stream_.state == STREAM_CLOSED ) {
++    errorText_ = "RtApiAlsa::callbackEvent(): the stream is closed ... this shouldn't happen!";
++    error( RtAudioError::WARNING );
++    return;
++  }
++
++  int doStopStream = 0;
++  RtAudioCallback callback = (RtAudioCallback) stream_.callbackInfo.callback;
++  double streamTime = getStreamTime();
++  RtAudioStreamStatus status = 0;
++  if ( stream_.mode != INPUT && apiInfo->xrun[0] == true ) {
++    status |= RTAUDIO_OUTPUT_UNDERFLOW;
++    apiInfo->xrun[0] = false;
++  }
++  if ( stream_.mode != OUTPUT && apiInfo->xrun[1] == true ) {
++    status |= RTAUDIO_INPUT_OVERFLOW;
++    apiInfo->xrun[1] = false;
++  }
++  doStopStream = callback( stream_.userBuffer[0], stream_.userBuffer[1],
++                           stream_.bufferSize, streamTime, status, stream_.callbackInfo.userData );
++
++  if ( doStopStream == 2 ) {
++    abortStream();
++    return;
++  }
++
++  MUTEX_LOCK( &stream_.mutex );
++
++  // The state might change while waiting on a mutex.
++  if ( stream_.state == STREAM_STOPPED ) goto unlock;
++
++  int result;
++  char *buffer;
++  int channels;
++  snd_pcm_t **handle;
++  snd_pcm_sframes_t frames;
++  RtAudioFormat format;
++  handle = (snd_pcm_t **) apiInfo->handles;
++
++  if ( stream_.mode == INPUT || stream_.mode == DUPLEX ) {
++
++    // Setup parameters.
++    if ( stream_.doConvertBuffer[1] ) {
++      buffer = stream_.deviceBuffer;
++      channels = stream_.nDeviceChannels[1];
++      format = stream_.deviceFormat[1];
++    }
++    else {
++      buffer = stream_.userBuffer[1];
++      channels = stream_.nUserChannels[1];
++      format = stream_.userFormat;
++    }
++
++    // Read samples from device in interleaved/non-interleaved format.
++    if ( stream_.deviceInterleaved[1] )
++      result = snd_pcm_readi( handle[1], buffer, stream_.bufferSize );
++    else {
++      void *bufs[channels];
++      size_t offset = stream_.bufferSize * formatBytes( format );
++      for ( int i=0; i<channels; i++ )
++        bufs[i] = (void *) (buffer + (i * offset));
++      result = snd_pcm_readn( handle[1], bufs, stream_.bufferSize );
++    }
++
++    if ( result < (int) stream_.bufferSize ) {
++      // Either an error or overrun occured.
++      if ( result == -EPIPE ) {
++        snd_pcm_state_t state = snd_pcm_state( handle[1] );
++        if ( state == SND_PCM_STATE_XRUN ) {
++          apiInfo->xrun[1] = true;
++          result = snd_pcm_prepare( handle[1] );
++          if ( result < 0 ) {
++            errorStream_ << "RtApiAlsa::callbackEvent: error preparing device after overrun, " << snd_strerror( result ) << ".";
++            errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
++          }
++        }
++        else {
++          errorStream_ << "RtApiAlsa::callbackEvent: error, current state is " << snd_pcm_state_name( state ) << ", " << snd_strerror( result ) << ".";
++          errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
++        }
++      }
++      else {
++        errorStream_ << "RtApiAlsa::callbackEvent: audio read error, " << snd_strerror( result ) << ".";
++        errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
++      }
++      error( RtAudioError::WARNING );
++      goto tryOutput;
++    }
++
++    // Do byte swapping if necessary.
++    if ( stream_.doByteSwap[1] )
++      byteSwapBuffer( buffer, stream_.bufferSize * channels, format );
++
++    // Do buffer conversion if necessary.
++    if ( stream_.doConvertBuffer[1] )
++      convertBuffer( stream_.userBuffer[1], stream_.deviceBuffer, stream_.convertInfo[1] );
++
++    // Check stream latency
++    result = snd_pcm_delay( handle[1], &frames );
++    if ( result == 0 && frames > 0 ) stream_.latency[1] = frames;
++  }
++
++ tryOutput:
++
++  if ( stream_.mode == OUTPUT || stream_.mode == DUPLEX ) {
++
++    // Setup parameters and do buffer conversion if necessary.
++    if ( stream_.doConvertBuffer[0] ) {
++      buffer = stream_.deviceBuffer;
++      convertBuffer( buffer, stream_.userBuffer[0], stream_.convertInfo[0] );
++      channels = stream_.nDeviceChannels[0];
++      format = stream_.deviceFormat[0];
++    }
++    else {
++      buffer = stream_.userBuffer[0];
++      channels = stream_.nUserChannels[0];
++      format = stream_.userFormat;
++    }
++
++    // Do byte swapping if necessary.
++    if ( stream_.doByteSwap[0] )
++      byteSwapBuffer(buffer, stream_.bufferSize * channels, format);
++
++    // Write samples to device in interleaved/non-interleaved format.
++    if ( stream_.deviceInterleaved[0] )
++      result = snd_pcm_writei( handle[0], buffer, stream_.bufferSize );
++    else {
++      void *bufs[channels];
++      size_t offset = stream_.bufferSize * formatBytes( format );
++      for ( int i=0; i<channels; i++ )
++        bufs[i] = (void *) (buffer + (i * offset));
++      result = snd_pcm_writen( handle[0], bufs, stream_.bufferSize );
++    }
++
++    if ( result < (int) stream_.bufferSize ) {
++      // Either an error or underrun occured.
++      if ( result == -EPIPE ) {
++        snd_pcm_state_t state = snd_pcm_state( handle[0] );
++        if ( state == SND_PCM_STATE_XRUN ) {
++          apiInfo->xrun[0] = true;
++          result = snd_pcm_prepare( handle[0] );
++          if ( result < 0 ) {
++            errorStream_ << "RtApiAlsa::callbackEvent: error preparing device after underrun, " << snd_strerror( result ) << ".";
++            errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
++          }
++          else
++            errorText_ =  "RtApiAlsa::callbackEvent: audio write error, underrun.";
++        }
++        else {
++          errorStream_ << "RtApiAlsa::callbackEvent: error, current state is " << snd_pcm_state_name( state ) << ", " << snd_strerror( result ) << ".";
++          errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
++        }
++      }
++      else {
++        errorStream_ << "RtApiAlsa::callbackEvent: audio write error, " << snd_strerror( result ) << ".";
++        errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
++      }
++      error( RtAudioError::WARNING );
++      goto unlock;
++    }
++
++    // Check stream latency
++    result = snd_pcm_delay( handle[0], &frames );
++    if ( result == 0 && frames > 0 ) stream_.latency[0] = frames;
++  }
++
++ unlock:
++  MUTEX_UNLOCK( &stream_.mutex );
++
++  RtApi::tickStreamTime();
++  if ( doStopStream == 1 ) this->stopStream();
 +}
 +
-+if ( isDuplexInput ) {
-+// When this is the duplex input (output was opened before), then we have to use the same
-+// buffersize as the output, because it might use the preferred buffer size, which most
-+// likely wasn't passed as input to this. The buffer sizes have to be identically anyway,
-+// So instead of throwing an error, make them equal. The caller uses the reference
-+// to the "bufferSize" param as usual to set up processing buffers.
-+
-+*bufferSize = stream_.bufferSize;
-+
-+} else {
-+if ( *bufferSize == 0 ) *bufferSize = preferSize;
-+else if ( *bufferSize < (unsigned int) minSize ) *bufferSize = (unsigned int) minSize;
-+else if ( *bufferSize > (unsigned int) maxSize ) *bufferSize = (unsigned int) maxSize;
-+else if ( granularity == -1 ) {
-+// Make sure bufferSize is a power of two.
-+int log2_of_min_size = 0;
-+int log2_of_max_size = 0;
-+
-+for ( unsigned int i = 0; i < sizeof(long) * 8; i++ ) {
-+if ( minSize & ((long)1 << i) ) log2_of_min_size = i;
-+if ( maxSize & ((long)1 << i) ) log2_of_max_size = i;
-+}
++static void *alsaCallbackHandler( void *ptr )
++{
++  CallbackInfo *info = (CallbackInfo *) ptr;
++  RtApiAlsa *object = (RtApiAlsa *) info->object;
++  bool *isRunning = &info->isRunning;
 +
-+long min_delta = std::abs( (long)*bufferSize - ((long)1 << log2_of_min_size) );
-+int min_delta_num = log2_of_min_size;
++#ifdef SCHED_RR // Undefined with some OSes (eg: NetBSD 1.6.x with GNU Pthread)
++  if ( info->doRealtime ) {
++    pthread_t tID = pthread_self();	 // ID of this thread
++    sched_param prio = { info->priority }; // scheduling priority of thread
++    pthread_setschedparam( tID, SCHED_RR, &prio );
++  }
++#endif
 +
-+for (int i = log2_of_min_size + 1; i <= log2_of_max_size; i++) {
-+long current_delta = std::abs( (long)*bufferSize - ((long)1 << i) );
-+if (current_delta < min_delta) {
-+min_delta = current_delta;
-+min_delta_num = i;
-+}
-+}
++  while ( *isRunning == true ) {
++    pthread_testcancel();
++    object->callbackEvent();
++  }
 +
-+*bufferSize = ( (unsigned int)1 << min_delta_num );
-+if ( *bufferSize < (unsigned int) minSize ) *bufferSize = (unsigned int) minSize;
-+else if ( *bufferSize > (unsigned int) maxSize ) *bufferSize = (unsigned int) maxSize;
-+}
-+else if ( granularity != 0 ) {
-+// Set to an even multiple of granularity, rounding up.
-+*bufferSize = (*bufferSize + granularity-1) / granularity * granularity;
-+}
++  pthread_exit( NULL );
 +}
 +
-+/*
-+// we don't use it anymore, see above!
-+// Just left it here for the case...
-+if ( isDuplexInput && stream_.bufferSize != *bufferSize ) {
-+errorText_ = "RtApiAsio::probeDeviceOpen: input/output buffersize discrepancy!";
-+goto error;
-+}
-+*/
++//******************** End of __LINUX_ALSA__ *********************//
++#endif
 +
-+stream_.bufferSize = *bufferSize;
-+stream_.nBuffers = 2;
++#if defined(__LINUX_PULSE__)
 +
-+if ( options && options->flags & RTAUDIO_NONINTERLEAVED ) stream_.userInterleaved = false;
-+else stream_.userInterleaved = true;
++// Code written by Peter Meerwald, pmeerw at pmeerw.net
++// and Tristan Matthews.
 +
-+// ASIO always uses non-interleaved buffers.
-+stream_.deviceInterleaved[mode] = false;
++#include <pulse/error.h>
++#include <pulse/simple.h>
++#include <cstdio>
 +
-+// Allocate, if necessary, our AsioHandle structure for the stream.
-+if ( handle == 0 ) {
-+try {
-+handle = new AsioHandle;
-+}
-+catch ( std::bad_alloc& ) {
-+errorText_ = "RtApiAsio::probeDeviceOpen: error allocating AsioHandle memory.";
-+goto error;
-+}
-+handle->bufferInfos = 0;
-+
-+// Create a manual-reset event.
-+handle->condition = CreateEvent( NULL,   // no security
-+TRUE,   // manual-reset
-+FALSE,  // non-signaled initially
-+NULL ); // unnamed
-+stream_.apiHandle = (void *) handle;
-+}
++static const unsigned int SUPPORTED_SAMPLERATES[] = { 8000, 16000, 22050, 32000,
++                                                      44100, 48000, 96000, 0};
 +
-+// Create the ASIO internal buffers.  Since RtAudio sets up input
-+// and output separately, we'll have to dispose of previously
-+// created output buffers for a duplex stream.
-+if ( mode == INPUT && stream_.mode == OUTPUT ) {
-+ASIODisposeBuffers();
-+if ( handle->bufferInfos ) free( handle->bufferInfos );
-+}
++struct rtaudio_pa_format_mapping_t {
++  RtAudioFormat rtaudio_format;
++  pa_sample_format_t pa_format;
++};
 +
-+// Allocate, initialize, and save the bufferInfos in our stream callbackInfo structure.
-+unsigned int i;
-+nChannels = stream_.nDeviceChannels[0] + stream_.nDeviceChannels[1];
-+handle->bufferInfos = (ASIOBufferInfo *) malloc( nChannels * sizeof(ASIOBufferInfo) );
-+if ( handle->bufferInfos == NULL ) {
-+errorStream_ << "RtApiAsio::probeDeviceOpen: error allocating bufferInfo memory for driver (" << driverName << ").";
-+errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
-+goto error;
-+}
++static const rtaudio_pa_format_mapping_t supported_sampleformats[] = {
++  {RTAUDIO_SINT16, PA_SAMPLE_S16LE},
++  {RTAUDIO_SINT32, PA_SAMPLE_S32LE},
++  {RTAUDIO_FLOAT32, PA_SAMPLE_FLOAT32LE},
++  {0, PA_SAMPLE_INVALID}};
 +
-+ASIOBufferInfo *infos;
-+infos = handle->bufferInfos;
-+for ( i=0; i<stream_.nDeviceChannels[0]; i++, infos++ ) {
-+infos->isInput = ASIOFalse;
-+infos->channelNum = i + stream_.channelOffset[0];
-+infos->buffers[0] = infos->buffers[1] = 0;
-+}
-+for ( i=0; i<stream_.nDeviceChannels[1]; i++, infos++ ) {
-+infos->isInput = ASIOTrue;
-+infos->channelNum = i + stream_.channelOffset[1];
-+infos->buffers[0] = infos->buffers[1] = 0;
-+}
++struct PulseAudioHandle {
++  pa_simple *s_play;
++  pa_simple *s_rec;
++  pthread_t thread;
++  pthread_cond_t runnable_cv;
++  bool runnable;
++  PulseAudioHandle() : s_play(0), s_rec(0), runnable(false) { }
++};
 +
-+// prepare for callbacks
-+stream_.sampleRate = sampleRate;
-+stream_.device[mode] = device;
-+stream_.mode = isDuplexInput ? DUPLEX : mode;
-+
-+// store this class instance before registering callbacks, that are going to use it
-+asioCallbackInfo = &stream_.callbackInfo;
-+stream_.callbackInfo.object = (void *) this;
-+
-+// Set up the ASIO callback structure and create the ASIO data buffers.
-+asioCallbacks.bufferSwitch = &bufferSwitch;
-+asioCallbacks.sampleRateDidChange = &sampleRateChanged;
-+asioCallbacks.asioMessage = &asioMessages;
-+asioCallbacks.bufferSwitchTimeInfo = NULL;
-+result = ASIOCreateBuffers( handle->bufferInfos, nChannels, stream_.bufferSize, &asioCallbacks );
-+if ( result != ASE_OK ) {
-+// Standard method failed. This can happen with strict/misbehaving drivers that return valid buffer size ranges
-+// but only accept the preferred buffer size as parameter for ASIOCreateBuffers. eg. Creatives ASIO driver
-+// in that case, let's be naïve and try that instead
-+*bufferSize = preferSize;
-+stream_.bufferSize = *bufferSize;
-+result = ASIOCreateBuffers( handle->bufferInfos, nChannels, stream_.bufferSize, &asioCallbacks );
++RtApiPulse::~RtApiPulse()
++{
++  if ( stream_.state != STREAM_CLOSED )
++    closeStream();
 +}
 +
-+if ( result != ASE_OK ) {
-+errorStream_ << "RtApiAsio::probeDeviceOpen: driver (" << driverName << ") error (" << getAsioErrorString( result ) << ") creating buffers.";
-+errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
-+goto error;
-+}
-+buffersAllocated = true;  
-+stream_.state = STREAM_STOPPED;
-+
-+// Set flags for buffer conversion.
-+stream_.doConvertBuffer[mode] = false;
-+if ( stream_.userFormat != stream_.deviceFormat[mode] )
-+stream_.doConvertBuffer[mode] = true;
-+if ( stream_.userInterleaved != stream_.deviceInterleaved[mode] &&
-+stream_.nUserChannels[mode] > 1 )
-+stream_.doConvertBuffer[mode] = true;
-+
-+// Allocate necessary internal buffers
-+unsigned long bufferBytes;
-+bufferBytes = stream_.nUserChannels[mode] * *bufferSize * formatBytes( stream_.userFormat );
-+stream_.userBuffer[mode] = (char *) calloc( bufferBytes, 1 );
-+if ( stream_.userBuffer[mode] == NULL ) {
-+errorText_ = "RtApiAsio::probeDeviceOpen: error allocating user buffer memory.";
-+goto error;
++unsigned int RtApiPulse::getDeviceCount( void )
++{
++  return 1;
 +}
 +
-+if ( stream_.doConvertBuffer[mode] ) {
++RtAudio::DeviceInfo RtApiPulse::getDeviceInfo( unsigned int /*device*/ )
++{
++  RtAudio::DeviceInfo info;
++  info.probed = true;
++  info.name = "PulseAudio";
++  info.outputChannels = 2;
++  info.inputChannels = 2;
++  info.duplexChannels = 2;
++  info.isDefaultOutput = true;
++  info.isDefaultInput = true;
 +
-+bool makeBuffer = true;
-+bufferBytes = stream_.nDeviceChannels[mode] * formatBytes( stream_.deviceFormat[mode] );
-+if ( isDuplexInput && stream_.deviceBuffer ) {
-+unsigned long bytesOut = stream_.nDeviceChannels[0] * formatBytes( stream_.deviceFormat[0] );
-+if ( bufferBytes <= bytesOut ) makeBuffer = false;
-+}
++  for ( const unsigned int *sr = SUPPORTED_SAMPLERATES; *sr; ++sr )
++    info.sampleRates.push_back( *sr );
 +
-+if ( makeBuffer ) {
-+bufferBytes *= *bufferSize;
-+if ( stream_.deviceBuffer ) free( stream_.deviceBuffer );
-+stream_.deviceBuffer = (char *) calloc( bufferBytes, 1 );
-+if ( stream_.deviceBuffer == NULL ) {
-+errorText_ = "RtApiAsio::probeDeviceOpen: error allocating device buffer memory.";
-+goto error;
-+}
-+}
-+}
++  info.preferredSampleRate = 48000;
++  info.nativeFormats = RTAUDIO_SINT16 | RTAUDIO_SINT32 | RTAUDIO_FLOAT32;
 +
-+// Determine device latencies
-+long inputLatency, outputLatency;
-+result = ASIOGetLatencies( &inputLatency, &outputLatency );
-+if ( result != ASE_OK ) {
-+errorStream_ << "RtApiAsio::probeDeviceOpen: driver (" << driverName << ") error (" << getAsioErrorString( result ) << ") getting latency.";
-+errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
-+error( RtAudioError::WARNING); // warn but don't fail
++  return info;
 +}
-+else {
-+stream_.latency[0] = outputLatency;
-+stream_.latency[1] = inputLatency;
-+}
-+
-+// Setup the buffer conversion information structure.  We don't use
-+// buffers to do channel offsets, so we override that parameter
-+// here.
-+if ( stream_.doConvertBuffer[mode] ) setConvertInfo( mode, 0 );
 +
-+return SUCCESS;
-+
-+error:
-+if ( !isDuplexInput ) {
-+// the cleanup for error in the duplex input, is done by RtApi::openStream
-+// So we clean up for single channel only
-+
-+if ( buffersAllocated )
-+ASIODisposeBuffers();
-+
-+drivers.removeCurrentDriver();
++static void *pulseaudio_callback( void * user )
++{
++  CallbackInfo *cbi = static_cast<CallbackInfo *>( user );
++  RtApiPulse *context = static_cast<RtApiPulse *>( cbi->object );
++  volatile bool *isRunning = &cbi->isRunning;
 +
-+if ( handle ) {
-+CloseHandle( handle->condition );
-+if ( handle->bufferInfos )
-+free( handle->bufferInfos );
++  while ( *isRunning ) {
++    pthread_testcancel();
++    context->callbackEvent();
++  }
 +
-+delete handle;
-+stream_.apiHandle = 0;
++  pthread_exit( NULL );
 +}
 +
-+
-+if ( stream_.userBuffer[mode] ) {
-+free( stream_.userBuffer[mode] );
-+stream_.userBuffer[mode] = 0;
++void RtApiPulse::closeStream( void )
++{
++  PulseAudioHandle *pah = static_cast<PulseAudioHandle *>( stream_.apiHandle );
++
++  stream_.callbackInfo.isRunning = false;
++  if ( pah ) {
++    MUTEX_LOCK( &stream_.mutex );
++    if ( stream_.state == STREAM_STOPPED ) {
++      pah->runnable = true;
++      pthread_cond_signal( &pah->runnable_cv );
++    }
++    MUTEX_UNLOCK( &stream_.mutex );
++
++    pthread_join( pah->thread, 0 );
++    if ( pah->s_play ) {
++      pa_simple_flush( pah->s_play, NULL );
++      pa_simple_free( pah->s_play );
++    }
++    if ( pah->s_rec )
++      pa_simple_free( pah->s_rec );
++
++    pthread_cond_destroy( &pah->runnable_cv );
++    delete pah;
++    stream_.apiHandle = 0;
++  }
++
++  if ( stream_.userBuffer[0] ) {
++    free( stream_.userBuffer[0] );
++    stream_.userBuffer[0] = 0;
++  }
++  if ( stream_.userBuffer[1] ) {
++    free( stream_.userBuffer[1] );
++    stream_.userBuffer[1] = 0;
++  }
++
++  stream_.state = STREAM_CLOSED;
++  stream_.mode = UNINITIALIZED;
 +}
 +
-+if ( stream_.deviceBuffer ) {
-+free( stream_.deviceBuffer );
-+stream_.deviceBuffer = 0;
-+}
++void RtApiPulse::callbackEvent( void )
++{
++  PulseAudioHandle *pah = static_cast<PulseAudioHandle *>( stream_.apiHandle );
++
++  if ( stream_.state == STREAM_STOPPED ) {
++    MUTEX_LOCK( &stream_.mutex );
++    while ( !pah->runnable )
++      pthread_cond_wait( &pah->runnable_cv, &stream_.mutex );
++
++    if ( stream_.state != STREAM_RUNNING ) {
++      MUTEX_UNLOCK( &stream_.mutex );
++      return;
++    }
++    MUTEX_UNLOCK( &stream_.mutex );
++  }
++
++  if ( stream_.state == STREAM_CLOSED ) {
++    errorText_ = "RtApiPulse::callbackEvent(): the stream is closed ... "
++      "this shouldn't happen!";
++    error( RtAudioError::WARNING );
++    return;
++  }
++
++  RtAudioCallback callback = (RtAudioCallback) stream_.callbackInfo.callback;
++  double streamTime = getStreamTime();
++  RtAudioStreamStatus status = 0;
++  int doStopStream = callback( stream_.userBuffer[OUTPUT], stream_.userBuffer[INPUT],
++                               stream_.bufferSize, streamTime, status,
++                               stream_.callbackInfo.userData );
++
++  if ( doStopStream == 2 ) {
++    abortStream();
++    return;
++  }
++
++  MUTEX_LOCK( &stream_.mutex );
++  void *pulse_in = stream_.doConvertBuffer[INPUT] ? stream_.deviceBuffer : stream_.userBuffer[INPUT];
++  void *pulse_out = stream_.doConvertBuffer[OUTPUT] ? stream_.deviceBuffer : stream_.userBuffer[OUTPUT];
++
++  if ( stream_.state != STREAM_RUNNING )
++    goto unlock;
++
++  int pa_error;
++  size_t bytes;
++  if (stream_.mode == OUTPUT || stream_.mode == DUPLEX ) {
++    if ( stream_.doConvertBuffer[OUTPUT] ) {
++        convertBuffer( stream_.deviceBuffer,
++                       stream_.userBuffer[OUTPUT],
++                       stream_.convertInfo[OUTPUT] );
++        bytes = stream_.nDeviceChannels[OUTPUT] * stream_.bufferSize *
++                formatBytes( stream_.deviceFormat[OUTPUT] );
++    } else
++        bytes = stream_.nUserChannels[OUTPUT] * stream_.bufferSize *
++                formatBytes( stream_.userFormat );
++
++    if ( pa_simple_write( pah->s_play, pulse_out, bytes, &pa_error ) < 0 ) {
++      errorStream_ << "RtApiPulse::callbackEvent: audio write error, " <<
++        pa_strerror( pa_error ) << ".";
++      errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
++      error( RtAudioError::WARNING );
++    }
++  }
++
++  if ( stream_.mode == INPUT || stream_.mode == DUPLEX) {
++    if ( stream_.doConvertBuffer[INPUT] )
++      bytes = stream_.nDeviceChannels[INPUT] * stream_.bufferSize *
++        formatBytes( stream_.deviceFormat[INPUT] );
++    else
++      bytes = stream_.nUserChannels[INPUT] * stream_.bufferSize *
++        formatBytes( stream_.userFormat );
++            
++    if ( pa_simple_read( pah->s_rec, pulse_in, bytes, &pa_error ) < 0 ) {
++      errorStream_ << "RtApiPulse::callbackEvent: audio read error, " <<
++        pa_strerror( pa_error ) << ".";
++      errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
++      error( RtAudioError::WARNING );
++    }
++    if ( stream_.doConvertBuffer[INPUT] ) {
++      convertBuffer( stream_.userBuffer[INPUT],
++                     stream_.deviceBuffer,
++                     stream_.convertInfo[INPUT] );
++    }
++  }
++
++ unlock:
++  MUTEX_UNLOCK( &stream_.mutex );
++  RtApi::tickStreamTime();
++
++  if ( doStopStream == 1 )
++    stopStream();
 +}
 +
-+return FAILURE;
-+}////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
-+
-+void RtApiAsio :: closeStream()
++void RtApiPulse::startStream( void )
 +{
-+if ( stream_.state == STREAM_CLOSED ) {
-+errorText_ = "RtApiAsio::closeStream(): no open stream to close!";
-+error( RtAudioError::WARNING );
-+return;
-+}
++  PulseAudioHandle *pah = static_cast<PulseAudioHandle *>( stream_.apiHandle );
 +
-+if ( stream_.state == STREAM_RUNNING ) {
-+stream_.state = STREAM_STOPPED;
-+ASIOStop();
-+}
-+ASIODisposeBuffers();
-+drivers.removeCurrentDriver();
-+
-+AsioHandle *handle = (AsioHandle *) stream_.apiHandle;
-+if ( handle ) {
-+CloseHandle( handle->condition );
-+if ( handle->bufferInfos )
-+free( handle->bufferInfos );
-+delete handle;
-+stream_.apiHandle = 0;
-+}
++  if ( stream_.state == STREAM_CLOSED ) {
++    errorText_ = "RtApiPulse::startStream(): the stream is not open!";
++    error( RtAudioError::INVALID_USE );
++    return;
++  }
++  if ( stream_.state == STREAM_RUNNING ) {
++    errorText_ = "RtApiPulse::startStream(): the stream is already running!";
++    error( RtAudioError::WARNING );
++    return;
++  }
 +
-+for ( int i=0; i<2; i++ ) {
-+if ( stream_.userBuffer[i] ) {
-+free( stream_.userBuffer[i] );
-+stream_.userBuffer[i] = 0;
-+}
-+}
++  MUTEX_LOCK( &stream_.mutex );
 +
-+if ( stream_.deviceBuffer ) {
-+free( stream_.deviceBuffer );
-+stream_.deviceBuffer = 0;
-+}
++  stream_.state = STREAM_RUNNING;
 +
-+stream_.mode = UNINITIALIZED;
-+stream_.state = STREAM_CLOSED;
++  pah->runnable = true;
++  pthread_cond_signal( &pah->runnable_cv );
++  MUTEX_UNLOCK( &stream_.mutex );
 +}
 +
-+bool stopThreadCalled = false;
++void RtApiPulse::stopStream( void )
++{
++  PulseAudioHandle *pah = static_cast<PulseAudioHandle *>( stream_.apiHandle );
++
++  if ( stream_.state == STREAM_CLOSED ) {
++    errorText_ = "RtApiPulse::stopStream(): the stream is not open!";
++    error( RtAudioError::INVALID_USE );
++    return;
++  }
++  if ( stream_.state == STREAM_STOPPED ) {
++    errorText_ = "RtApiPulse::stopStream(): the stream is already stopped!";
++    error( RtAudioError::WARNING );
++    return;
++  }
++
++  stream_.state = STREAM_STOPPED;
++  MUTEX_LOCK( &stream_.mutex );
++
++  if ( pah && pah->s_play ) {
++    int pa_error;
++    if ( pa_simple_drain( pah->s_play, &pa_error ) < 0 ) {
++      errorStream_ << "RtApiPulse::stopStream: error draining output device, " <<
++        pa_strerror( pa_error ) << ".";
++      errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
++      MUTEX_UNLOCK( &stream_.mutex );
++      error( RtAudioError::SYSTEM_ERROR );
++      return;
++    }
++  }
++
++  stream_.state = STREAM_STOPPED;
++  MUTEX_UNLOCK( &stream_.mutex );
++}
 +
-+void RtApiAsio :: startStream()
++void RtApiPulse::abortStream( void )
 +{
-+verifyStream();
-+if ( stream_.state == STREAM_RUNNING ) {
-+errorText_ = "RtApiAsio::startStream(): the stream is already running!";
-+error( RtAudioError::WARNING );
-+return;
++  PulseAudioHandle *pah = static_cast<PulseAudioHandle*>( stream_.apiHandle );
++
++  if ( stream_.state == STREAM_CLOSED ) {
++    errorText_ = "RtApiPulse::abortStream(): the stream is not open!";
++    error( RtAudioError::INVALID_USE );
++    return;
++  }
++  if ( stream_.state == STREAM_STOPPED ) {
++    errorText_ = "RtApiPulse::abortStream(): the stream is already stopped!";
++    error( RtAudioError::WARNING );
++    return;
++  }
++
++  stream_.state = STREAM_STOPPED;
++  MUTEX_LOCK( &stream_.mutex );
++
++  if ( pah && pah->s_play ) {
++    int pa_error;
++    if ( pa_simple_flush( pah->s_play, &pa_error ) < 0 ) {
++      errorStream_ << "RtApiPulse::abortStream: error flushing output device, " <<
++        pa_strerror( pa_error ) << ".";
++      errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
++      MUTEX_UNLOCK( &stream_.mutex );
++      error( RtAudioError::SYSTEM_ERROR );
++      return;
++    }
++  }
++
++  stream_.state = STREAM_STOPPED;
++  MUTEX_UNLOCK( &stream_.mutex );
 +}
 +
-+AsioHandle *handle = (AsioHandle *) stream_.apiHandle;
-+ASIOError result = ASIOStart();
-+if ( result != ASE_OK ) {
-+errorStream_ << "RtApiAsio::startStream: error (" << getAsioErrorString( result ) << ") starting device.";
-+errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
-+goto unlock;
++bool RtApiPulse::probeDeviceOpen( unsigned int device, StreamMode mode,
++                                  unsigned int channels, unsigned int firstChannel,
++                                  unsigned int sampleRate, RtAudioFormat format,
++                                  unsigned int *bufferSize, RtAudio::StreamOptions *options )
++{
++  PulseAudioHandle *pah = 0;
++  unsigned long bufferBytes = 0;
++  pa_sample_spec ss;
++
++  if ( device != 0 ) return false;
++  if ( mode != INPUT && mode != OUTPUT ) return false;
++  if ( channels != 1 && channels != 2 ) {
++    errorText_ = "RtApiPulse::probeDeviceOpen: unsupported number of channels.";
++    return false;
++  }
++  ss.channels = channels;
++
++  if ( firstChannel != 0 ) return false;
++
++  bool sr_found = false;
++  for ( const unsigned int *sr = SUPPORTED_SAMPLERATES; *sr; ++sr ) {
++    if ( sampleRate == *sr ) {
++      sr_found = true;
++      stream_.sampleRate = sampleRate;
++      ss.rate = sampleRate;
++      break;
++    }
++  }
++  if ( !sr_found ) {
++    errorText_ = "RtApiPulse::probeDeviceOpen: unsupported sample rate.";
++    return false;
++  }
++
++  bool sf_found = 0;
++  for ( const rtaudio_pa_format_mapping_t *sf = supported_sampleformats;
++        sf->rtaudio_format && sf->pa_format != PA_SAMPLE_INVALID; ++sf ) {
++    if ( format == sf->rtaudio_format ) {
++      sf_found = true;
++      stream_.userFormat = sf->rtaudio_format;
++      stream_.deviceFormat[mode] = stream_.userFormat;
++      ss.format = sf->pa_format;
++      break;
++    }
++  }
++  if ( !sf_found ) { // Use internal data format conversion.
++    stream_.userFormat = format;
++    stream_.deviceFormat[mode] = RTAUDIO_FLOAT32;
++    ss.format = PA_SAMPLE_FLOAT32LE;
++  }
++
++  // Set other stream parameters.
++  if ( options && options->flags & RTAUDIO_NONINTERLEAVED ) stream_.userInterleaved = false;
++  else stream_.userInterleaved = true;
++  stream_.deviceInterleaved[mode] = true;
++  stream_.nBuffers = 1;
++  stream_.doByteSwap[mode] = false;
++  stream_.nUserChannels[mode] = channels;
++  stream_.nDeviceChannels[mode] = channels + firstChannel;
++  stream_.channelOffset[mode] = 0;
++  std::string streamName = "RtAudio";
++
++  // Set flags for buffer conversion.
++  stream_.doConvertBuffer[mode] = false;
++  if ( stream_.userFormat != stream_.deviceFormat[mode] )
++    stream_.doConvertBuffer[mode] = true;
++  if ( stream_.nUserChannels[mode] < stream_.nDeviceChannels[mode] )
++    stream_.doConvertBuffer[mode] = true;
++
++  // Allocate necessary internal buffers.
++  bufferBytes = stream_.nUserChannels[mode] * *bufferSize * formatBytes( stream_.userFormat );
++  stream_.userBuffer[mode] = (char *) calloc( bufferBytes, 1 );
++  if ( stream_.userBuffer[mode] == NULL ) {
++    errorText_ = "RtApiPulse::probeDeviceOpen: error allocating user buffer memory.";
++    goto error;
++  }
++  stream_.bufferSize = *bufferSize;
++
++  if ( stream_.doConvertBuffer[mode] ) {
++
++    bool makeBuffer = true;
++    bufferBytes = stream_.nDeviceChannels[mode] * formatBytes( stream_.deviceFormat[mode] );
++    if ( mode == INPUT ) {
++      if ( stream_.mode == OUTPUT && stream_.deviceBuffer ) {
++        unsigned long bytesOut = stream_.nDeviceChannels[0] * formatBytes( stream_.deviceFormat[0] );
++        if ( bufferBytes <= bytesOut ) makeBuffer = false;
++      }
++    }
++
++    if ( makeBuffer ) {
++      bufferBytes *= *bufferSize;
++      if ( stream_.deviceBuffer ) free( stream_.deviceBuffer );
++      stream_.deviceBuffer = (char *) calloc( bufferBytes, 1 );
++      if ( stream_.deviceBuffer == NULL ) {
++        errorText_ = "RtApiPulse::probeDeviceOpen: error allocating device buffer memory.";
++        goto error;
++      }
++    }
++  }
++
++  stream_.device[mode] = device;
++
++  // Setup the buffer conversion information structure.
++  if ( stream_.doConvertBuffer[mode] ) setConvertInfo( mode, firstChannel );
++
++  if ( !stream_.apiHandle ) {
++    PulseAudioHandle *pah = new PulseAudioHandle;
++    if ( !pah ) {
++      errorText_ = "RtApiPulse::probeDeviceOpen: error allocating memory for handle.";
++      goto error;
++    }
++
++    stream_.apiHandle = pah;
++    if ( pthread_cond_init( &pah->runnable_cv, NULL ) != 0 ) {
++      errorText_ = "RtApiPulse::probeDeviceOpen: error creating condition variable.";
++      goto error;
++    }
++  }
++  pah = static_cast<PulseAudioHandle *>( stream_.apiHandle );
++
++  int error;
++  if ( options && !options->streamName.empty() ) streamName = options->streamName;
++  switch ( mode ) {
++  case INPUT:
++    pa_buffer_attr buffer_attr;
++    buffer_attr.fragsize = bufferBytes;
++    buffer_attr.maxlength = -1;
++
++    pah->s_rec = pa_simple_new( NULL, streamName.c_str(), PA_STREAM_RECORD, NULL, "Record", &ss, NULL, &buffer_attr, &error );
++    if ( !pah->s_rec ) {
++      errorText_ = "RtApiPulse::probeDeviceOpen: error connecting input to PulseAudio server.";
++      goto error;
++    }
++    break;
++  case OUTPUT:
++    pah->s_play = pa_simple_new( NULL, streamName.c_str(), PA_STREAM_PLAYBACK, NULL, "Playback", &ss, NULL, NULL, &error );
++    if ( !pah->s_play ) {
++      errorText_ = "RtApiPulse::probeDeviceOpen: error connecting output to PulseAudio server.";
++      goto error;
++    }
++    break;
++  default:
++    goto error;
++  }
++
++  if ( stream_.mode == UNINITIALIZED )
++    stream_.mode = mode;
++  else if ( stream_.mode == mode )
++    goto error;
++  else
++    stream_.mode = DUPLEX;
++
++  if ( !stream_.callbackInfo.isRunning ) {
++    stream_.callbackInfo.object = this;
++    stream_.callbackInfo.isRunning = true;
++    if ( pthread_create( &pah->thread, NULL, pulseaudio_callback, (void *)&stream_.callbackInfo) != 0 ) {
++      errorText_ = "RtApiPulse::probeDeviceOpen: error creating thread.";
++      goto error;
++    }
++  }
++
++  stream_.state = STREAM_STOPPED;
++  return true;
++ 
++ error:
++  if ( pah && stream_.callbackInfo.isRunning ) {
++    pthread_cond_destroy( &pah->runnable_cv );
++    delete pah;
++    stream_.apiHandle = 0;
++  }
++
++  for ( int i=0; i<2; i++ ) {
++    if ( stream_.userBuffer[i] ) {
++      free( stream_.userBuffer[i] );
++      stream_.userBuffer[i] = 0;
++    }
++  }
++
++  if ( stream_.deviceBuffer ) {
++    free( stream_.deviceBuffer );
++    stream_.deviceBuffer = 0;
++  }
++
++  return FAILURE;
 +}
 +
-+handle->drainCounter = 0;
-+handle->internalDrain = false;
-+ResetEvent( handle->condition );
-+stream_.state = STREAM_RUNNING;
-+asioXRun = false;
++//******************** End of __LINUX_PULSE__ *********************//
++#endif
 +
-+unlock:
-+stopThreadCalled = false;
++#if defined(__LINUX_OSS__)
 +
-+if ( result == ASE_OK ) return;
-+error( RtAudioError::SYSTEM_ERROR );
-+}
++#include <unistd.h>
++#include <sys/ioctl.h>
++#include <unistd.h>
++#include <fcntl.h>
++#include <sys/soundcard.h>
++#include <errno.h>
++#include <math.h>
 +
-+void RtApiAsio :: stopStream()
++static void *ossCallbackHandler(void * ptr);
++
++// A structure to hold various information related to the OSS API
++// implementation.
++struct OssHandle {
++  int id[2];    // device ids
++  bool xrun[2];
++  bool triggered;
++  pthread_cond_t runnable;
++
++  OssHandle()
++    :triggered(false) { id[0] = 0; id[1] = 0; xrun[0] = false; xrun[1] = false; }
++};
++
++RtApiOss :: RtApiOss()
 +{
-+verifyStream();
-+if ( stream_.state == STREAM_STOPPED ) {
-+errorText_ = "RtApiAsio::stopStream(): the stream is already stopped!";
-+error( RtAudioError::WARNING );
-+return;
++  // Nothing to do here.
 +}
 +
-+AsioHandle *handle = (AsioHandle *) stream_.apiHandle;
-+if ( stream_.mode == OUTPUT || stream_.mode == DUPLEX ) {
-+if ( handle->drainCounter == 0 ) {
-+handle->drainCounter = 2;
-+WaitForSingleObject( handle->condition, INFINITE );  // block until signaled
-+}
++RtApiOss :: ~RtApiOss()
++{
++  if ( stream_.state != STREAM_CLOSED ) closeStream();
 +}
 +
-+stream_.state = STREAM_STOPPED;
++unsigned int RtApiOss :: getDeviceCount( void )
++{
++  int mixerfd = open( "/dev/mixer", O_RDWR, 0 );
++  if ( mixerfd == -1 ) {
++    errorText_ = "RtApiOss::getDeviceCount: error opening '/dev/mixer'.";
++    error( RtAudioError::WARNING );
++    return 0;
++  }
 +
-+ASIOError result = ASIOStop();
-+if ( result != ASE_OK ) {
-+errorStream_ << "RtApiAsio::stopStream: error (" << getAsioErrorString( result ) << ") stopping device.";
-+errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
-+}
++  oss_sysinfo sysinfo;
++  if ( ioctl( mixerfd, SNDCTL_SYSINFO, &sysinfo ) == -1 ) {
++    close( mixerfd );
++    errorText_ = "RtApiOss::getDeviceCount: error getting sysinfo, OSS version >= 4.0 is required.";
++    error( RtAudioError::WARNING );
++    return 0;
++  }
 +
-+if ( result == ASE_OK ) return;
-+error( RtAudioError::SYSTEM_ERROR );
++  close( mixerfd );
++  return sysinfo.numaudios;
 +}
 +
-+void RtApiAsio :: abortStream()
++RtAudio::DeviceInfo RtApiOss :: getDeviceInfo( unsigned int device )
 +{
-+verifyStream();
-+if ( stream_.state == STREAM_STOPPED ) {
-+errorText_ = "RtApiAsio::abortStream(): the stream is already stopped!";
-+error( RtAudioError::WARNING );
-+return;
++  RtAudio::DeviceInfo info;
++  info.probed = false;
++
++  int mixerfd = open( "/dev/mixer", O_RDWR, 0 );
++  if ( mixerfd == -1 ) {
++    errorText_ = "RtApiOss::getDeviceInfo: error opening '/dev/mixer'.";
++    error( RtAudioError::WARNING );
++    return info;
++  }
++
++  oss_sysinfo sysinfo;
++  int result = ioctl( mixerfd, SNDCTL_SYSINFO, &sysinfo );
++  if ( result == -1 ) {
++    close( mixerfd );
++    errorText_ = "RtApiOss::getDeviceInfo: error getting sysinfo, OSS version >= 4.0 is required.";
++    error( RtAudioError::WARNING );
++    return info;
++  }
++
++  unsigned nDevices = sysinfo.numaudios;
++  if ( nDevices == 0 ) {
++    close( mixerfd );
++    errorText_ = "RtApiOss::getDeviceInfo: no devices found!";
++    error( RtAudioError::INVALID_USE );
++    return info;
++  }
++
++  if ( device >= nDevices ) {
++    close( mixerfd );
++    errorText_ = "RtApiOss::getDeviceInfo: device ID is invalid!";
++    error( RtAudioError::INVALID_USE );
++    return info;
++  }
++
++  oss_audioinfo ainfo;
++  ainfo.dev = device;
++  result = ioctl( mixerfd, SNDCTL_AUDIOINFO, &ainfo );
++  close( mixerfd );
++  if ( result == -1 ) {
++    errorStream_ << "RtApiOss::getDeviceInfo: error getting device (" << ainfo.name << ") info.";
++    errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
++    error( RtAudioError::WARNING );
++    return info;
++  }
++
++  // Probe channels
++  if ( ainfo.caps & PCM_CAP_OUTPUT ) info.outputChannels = ainfo.max_channels;
++  if ( ainfo.caps & PCM_CAP_INPUT ) info.inputChannels = ainfo.max_channels;
++  if ( ainfo.caps & PCM_CAP_DUPLEX ) {
++    if ( info.outputChannels > 0 && info.inputChannels > 0 && ainfo.caps & PCM_CAP_DUPLEX )
++      info.duplexChannels = (info.outputChannels > info.inputChannels) ? info.inputChannels : info.outputChannels;
++  }
++
++  // Probe data formats ... do for input
++  unsigned long mask = ainfo.iformats;
++  if ( mask & AFMT_S16_LE || mask & AFMT_S16_BE )
++    info.nativeFormats |= RTAUDIO_SINT16;
++  if ( mask & AFMT_S8 )
++    info.nativeFormats |= RTAUDIO_SINT8;
++  if ( mask & AFMT_S32_LE || mask & AFMT_S32_BE )
++    info.nativeFormats |= RTAUDIO_SINT32;
++#ifdef AFMT_FLOAT
++  if ( mask & AFMT_FLOAT )
++    info.nativeFormats |= RTAUDIO_FLOAT32;
++#endif
++  if ( mask & AFMT_S24_LE || mask & AFMT_S24_BE )
++    info.nativeFormats |= RTAUDIO_SINT24;
++
++  // Check that we have at least one supported format
++  if ( info.nativeFormats == 0 ) {
++    errorStream_ << "RtApiOss::getDeviceInfo: device (" << ainfo.name << ") data format not supported by RtAudio.";
++    errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
++    error( RtAudioError::WARNING );
++    return info;
++  }
++
++  // Probe the supported sample rates.
++  info.sampleRates.clear();
++  if ( ainfo.nrates ) {
++    for ( unsigned int i=0; i<ainfo.nrates; i++ ) {
++      for ( unsigned int k=0; k<MAX_SAMPLE_RATES; k++ ) {
++        if ( ainfo.rates[i] == SAMPLE_RATES[k] ) {
++          info.sampleRates.push_back( SAMPLE_RATES[k] );
++
++          if ( !info.preferredSampleRate || ( SAMPLE_RATES[k] <= 48000 && SAMPLE_RATES[k] > info.preferredSampleRate ) )
++            info.preferredSampleRate = SAMPLE_RATES[k];
++
++          break;
++        }
++      }
++    }
++  }
++  else {
++    // Check min and max rate values;
++    for ( unsigned int k=0; k<MAX_SAMPLE_RATES; k++ ) {
++      if ( ainfo.min_rate <= (int) SAMPLE_RATES[k] && ainfo.max_rate >= (int) SAMPLE_RATES[k] ) {
++        info.sampleRates.push_back( SAMPLE_RATES[k] );
++
++        if ( !info.preferredSampleRate || ( SAMPLE_RATES[k] <= 48000 && SAMPLE_RATES[k] > info.preferredSampleRate ) )
++          info.preferredSampleRate = SAMPLE_RATES[k];
++      }
++    }
++  }
++
++  if ( info.sampleRates.size() == 0 ) {
++    errorStream_ << "RtApiOss::getDeviceInfo: no supported sample rates found for device (" << ainfo.name << ").";
++    errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
++    error( RtAudioError::WARNING );
++  }
++  else {
++    info.probed = true;
++    info.name = ainfo.name;
++  }
++
++  return info;
 +}
 +
-+// The following lines were commented-out because some behavior was
-+// noted where the device buffers need to be zeroed to avoid
-+// continuing sound, even when the device buffers are completely
-+// disposed.  So now, calling abort is the same as calling stop.
-+// AsioHandle *handle = (AsioHandle *) stream_.apiHandle;
-+// handle->drainCounter = 2;
-+stopStream();
-+}
 +
-+// This function will be called by a spawned thread when the user
-+// callback function signals that the stream should be stopped or
-+// aborted.  It is necessary to handle it this way because the
-+// callbackEvent() function must return before the ASIOStop()
-+// function will return.
-+static unsigned __stdcall asioStopStream( void *ptr )
++bool RtApiOss :: probeDeviceOpen( unsigned int device, StreamMode mode, unsigned int channels,
++                                  unsigned int firstChannel, unsigned int sampleRate,
++                                  RtAudioFormat format, unsigned int *bufferSize,
++                                  RtAudio::StreamOptions *options )
 +{
-+CallbackInfo *info = (CallbackInfo *) ptr;
-+RtApiAsio *object = (RtApiAsio *) info->object;
++  int mixerfd = open( "/dev/mixer", O_RDWR, 0 );
++  if ( mixerfd == -1 ) {
++    errorText_ = "RtApiOss::probeDeviceOpen: error opening '/dev/mixer'.";
++    return FAILURE;
++  }
++
++  oss_sysinfo sysinfo;
++  int result = ioctl( mixerfd, SNDCTL_SYSINFO, &sysinfo );
++  if ( result == -1 ) {
++    close( mixerfd );
++    errorText_ = "RtApiOss::probeDeviceOpen: error getting sysinfo, OSS version >= 4.0 is required.";
++    return FAILURE;
++  }
++
++  unsigned nDevices = sysinfo.numaudios;
++  if ( nDevices == 0 ) {
++    // This should not happen because a check is made before this function is called.
++    close( mixerfd );
++    errorText_ = "RtApiOss::probeDeviceOpen: no devices found!";
++    return FAILURE;
++  }
++
++  if ( device >= nDevices ) {
++    // This should not happen because a check is made before this function is called.
++    close( mixerfd );
++    errorText_ = "RtApiOss::probeDeviceOpen: device ID is invalid!";
++    return FAILURE;
++  }
++
++  oss_audioinfo ainfo;
++  ainfo.dev = device;
++  result = ioctl( mixerfd, SNDCTL_AUDIOINFO, &ainfo );
++  close( mixerfd );
++  if ( result == -1 ) {
++    errorStream_ << "RtApiOss::getDeviceInfo: error getting device (" << ainfo.name << ") info.";
++    errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
++    return FAILURE;
++  }
++
++  // Check if device supports input or output
++  if ( ( mode == OUTPUT && !( ainfo.caps & PCM_CAP_OUTPUT ) ) ||
++       ( mode == INPUT && !( ainfo.caps & PCM_CAP_INPUT ) ) ) {
++    if ( mode == OUTPUT )
++      errorStream_ << "RtApiOss::probeDeviceOpen: device (" << ainfo.name << ") does not support output.";
++    else
++      errorStream_ << "RtApiOss::probeDeviceOpen: device (" << ainfo.name << ") does not support input.";
++    errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
++    return FAILURE;
++  }
++
++  int flags = 0;
++  OssHandle *handle = (OssHandle *) stream_.apiHandle;
++  if ( mode == OUTPUT )
++    flags |= O_WRONLY;
++  else { // mode == INPUT
++    if (stream_.mode == OUTPUT && stream_.device[0] == device) {
++      // We just set the same device for playback ... close and reopen for duplex (OSS only).
++      close( handle->id[0] );
++      handle->id[0] = 0;
++      if ( !( ainfo.caps & PCM_CAP_DUPLEX ) ) {
++        errorStream_ << "RtApiOss::probeDeviceOpen: device (" << ainfo.name << ") does not support duplex mode.";
++        errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
++        return FAILURE;
++      }
++      // Check that the number previously set channels is the same.
++      if ( stream_.nUserChannels[0] != channels ) {
++        errorStream_ << "RtApiOss::probeDeviceOpen: input/output channels must be equal for OSS duplex device (" << ainfo.name << ").";
++        errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
++        return FAILURE;
++      }
++      flags |= O_RDWR;
++    }
++    else
++      flags |= O_RDONLY;
++  }
++
++  // Set exclusive access if specified.
++  if ( options && options->flags & RTAUDIO_HOG_DEVICE ) flags |= O_EXCL;
++
++  // Try to open the device.
++  int fd;
++  fd = open( ainfo.devnode, flags, 0 );
++  if ( fd == -1 ) {
++    if ( errno == EBUSY )
++      errorStream_ << "RtApiOss::probeDeviceOpen: device (" << ainfo.name << ") is busy.";
++    else
++      errorStream_ << "RtApiOss::probeDeviceOpen: error opening device (" << ainfo.name << ").";
++    errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
++    return FAILURE;
++  }
++
++  // For duplex operation, specifically set this mode (this doesn't seem to work).
++  /*
++    if ( flags | O_RDWR ) {
++    result = ioctl( fd, SNDCTL_DSP_SETDUPLEX, NULL );
++    if ( result == -1) {
++    errorStream_ << "RtApiOss::probeDeviceOpen: error setting duplex mode for device (" << ainfo.name << ").";
++    errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
++    return FAILURE;
++    }
++    }
++  */
++
++  // Check the device channel support.
++  stream_.nUserChannels[mode] = channels;
++  if ( ainfo.max_channels < (int)(channels + firstChannel) ) {
++    close( fd );
++    errorStream_ << "RtApiOss::probeDeviceOpen: the device (" << ainfo.name << ") does not support requested channel parameters.";
++    errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
++    return FAILURE;
++  }
++
++  // Set the number of channels.
++  int deviceChannels = channels + firstChannel;
++  result = ioctl( fd, SNDCTL_DSP_CHANNELS, &deviceChannels );
++  if ( result == -1 || deviceChannels < (int)(channels + firstChannel) ) {
++    close( fd );
++    errorStream_ << "RtApiOss::probeDeviceOpen: error setting channel parameters on device (" << ainfo.name << ").";
++    errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
++    return FAILURE;
++  }
++  stream_.nDeviceChannels[mode] = deviceChannels;
++
++  // Get the data format mask
++  int mask;
++  result = ioctl( fd, SNDCTL_DSP_GETFMTS, &mask );
++  if ( result == -1 ) {
++    close( fd );
++    errorStream_ << "RtApiOss::probeDeviceOpen: error getting device (" << ainfo.name << ") data formats.";
++    errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
++    return FAILURE;
++  }
++
++  // Determine how to set the device format.
++  stream_.userFormat = format;
++  int deviceFormat = -1;
++  stream_.doByteSwap[mode] = false;
++  if ( format == RTAUDIO_SINT8 ) {
++    if ( mask & AFMT_S8 ) {
++      deviceFormat = AFMT_S8;
++      stream_.deviceFormat[mode] = RTAUDIO_SINT8;
++    }
++  }
++  else if ( format == RTAUDIO_SINT16 ) {
++    if ( mask & AFMT_S16_NE ) {
++      deviceFormat = AFMT_S16_NE;
++      stream_.deviceFormat[mode] = RTAUDIO_SINT16;
++    }
++    else if ( mask & AFMT_S16_OE ) {
++      deviceFormat = AFMT_S16_OE;
++      stream_.deviceFormat[mode] = RTAUDIO_SINT16;
++      stream_.doByteSwap[mode] = true;
++    }
++  }
++  else if ( format == RTAUDIO_SINT24 ) {
++    if ( mask & AFMT_S24_NE ) {
++      deviceFormat = AFMT_S24_NE;
++      stream_.deviceFormat[mode] = RTAUDIO_SINT24;
++    }
++    else if ( mask & AFMT_S24_OE ) {
++      deviceFormat = AFMT_S24_OE;
++      stream_.deviceFormat[mode] = RTAUDIO_SINT24;
++      stream_.doByteSwap[mode] = true;
++    }
++  }
++  else if ( format == RTAUDIO_SINT32 ) {
++    if ( mask & AFMT_S32_NE ) {
++      deviceFormat = AFMT_S32_NE;
++      stream_.deviceFormat[mode] = RTAUDIO_SINT32;
++    }
++    else if ( mask & AFMT_S32_OE ) {
++      deviceFormat = AFMT_S32_OE;
++      stream_.deviceFormat[mode] = RTAUDIO_SINT32;
++      stream_.doByteSwap[mode] = true;
++    }
++  }
++
++  if ( deviceFormat == -1 ) {
++    // The user requested format is not natively supported by the device.
++    if ( mask & AFMT_S16_NE ) {
++      deviceFormat = AFMT_S16_NE;
++      stream_.deviceFormat[mode] = RTAUDIO_SINT16;
++    }
++    else if ( mask & AFMT_S32_NE ) {
++      deviceFormat = AFMT_S32_NE;
++      stream_.deviceFormat[mode] = RTAUDIO_SINT32;
++    }
++    else if ( mask & AFMT_S24_NE ) {
++      deviceFormat = AFMT_S24_NE;
++      stream_.deviceFormat[mode] = RTAUDIO_SINT24;
++    }
++    else if ( mask & AFMT_S16_OE ) {
++      deviceFormat = AFMT_S16_OE;
++      stream_.deviceFormat[mode] = RTAUDIO_SINT16;
++      stream_.doByteSwap[mode] = true;
++    }
++    else if ( mask & AFMT_S32_OE ) {
++      deviceFormat = AFMT_S32_OE;
++      stream_.deviceFormat[mode] = RTAUDIO_SINT32;
++      stream_.doByteSwap[mode] = true;
++    }
++    else if ( mask & AFMT_S24_OE ) {
++      deviceFormat = AFMT_S24_OE;
++      stream_.deviceFormat[mode] = RTAUDIO_SINT24;
++      stream_.doByteSwap[mode] = true;
++    }
++    else if ( mask & AFMT_S8) {
++      deviceFormat = AFMT_S8;
++      stream_.deviceFormat[mode] = RTAUDIO_SINT8;
++    }
++  }
++
++  if ( stream_.deviceFormat[mode] == 0 ) {
++    // This really shouldn't happen ...
++    close( fd );
++    errorStream_ << "RtApiOss::probeDeviceOpen: device (" << ainfo.name << ") data format not supported by RtAudio.";
++    errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
++    return FAILURE;
++  }
++
++  // Set the data format.
++  int temp = deviceFormat;
++  result = ioctl( fd, SNDCTL_DSP_SETFMT, &deviceFormat );
++  if ( result == -1 || deviceFormat != temp ) {
++    close( fd );
++    errorStream_ << "RtApiOss::probeDeviceOpen: error setting data format on device (" << ainfo.name << ").";
++    errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
++    return FAILURE;
++  }
++
++  // Attempt to set the buffer size.  According to OSS, the minimum
++  // number of buffers is two.  The supposed minimum buffer size is 16
++  // bytes, so that will be our lower bound.  The argument to this
++  // call is in the form 0xMMMMSSSS (hex), where the buffer size (in
++  // bytes) is given as 2^SSSS and the number of buffers as 2^MMMM.
++  // We'll check the actual value used near the end of the setup
++  // procedure.
++  int ossBufferBytes = *bufferSize * formatBytes( stream_.deviceFormat[mode] ) * deviceChannels;
++  if ( ossBufferBytes < 16 ) ossBufferBytes = 16;
++  int buffers = 0;
++  if ( options ) buffers = options->numberOfBuffers;
++  if ( options && options->flags & RTAUDIO_MINIMIZE_LATENCY ) buffers = 2;
++  if ( buffers < 2 ) buffers = 3;
++  temp = ((int) buffers << 16) + (int)( log10( (double)ossBufferBytes ) / log10( 2.0 ) );
++  result = ioctl( fd, SNDCTL_DSP_SETFRAGMENT, &temp );
++  if ( result == -1 ) {
++    close( fd );
++    errorStream_ << "RtApiOss::probeDeviceOpen: error setting buffer size on device (" << ainfo.name << ").";
++    errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
++    return FAILURE;
++  }
++  stream_.nBuffers = buffers;
++
++  // Save buffer size (in sample frames).
++  *bufferSize = ossBufferBytes / ( formatBytes(stream_.deviceFormat[mode]) * deviceChannels );
++  stream_.bufferSize = *bufferSize;
++
++  // Set the sample rate.
++  int srate = sampleRate;
++  result = ioctl( fd, SNDCTL_DSP_SPEED, &srate );
++  if ( result == -1 ) {
++    close( fd );
++    errorStream_ << "RtApiOss::probeDeviceOpen: error setting sample rate (" << sampleRate << ") on device (" << ainfo.name << ").";
++    errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
++    return FAILURE;
++  }
++
++  // Verify the sample rate setup worked.
++  if ( abs( srate - (int)sampleRate ) > 100 ) {
++    close( fd );
++    errorStream_ << "RtApiOss::probeDeviceOpen: device (" << ainfo.name << ") does not support sample rate (" << sampleRate << ").";
++    errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
++    return FAILURE;
++  }
++  stream_.sampleRate = sampleRate;
++
++  if ( mode == INPUT && stream_.mode == OUTPUT && stream_.device[0] == device) {
++    // We're doing duplex setup here.
++    stream_.deviceFormat[0] = stream_.deviceFormat[1];
++    stream_.nDeviceChannels[0] = deviceChannels;
++  }
++
++  // Set interleaving parameters.
++  stream_.userInterleaved = true;
++  stream_.deviceInterleaved[mode] =  true;
++  if ( options && options->flags & RTAUDIO_NONINTERLEAVED )
++    stream_.userInterleaved = false;
++
++  // Set flags for buffer conversion
++  stream_.doConvertBuffer[mode] = false;
++  if ( stream_.userFormat != stream_.deviceFormat[mode] )
++    stream_.doConvertBuffer[mode] = true;
++  if ( stream_.nUserChannels[mode] < stream_.nDeviceChannels[mode] )
++    stream_.doConvertBuffer[mode] = true;
++  if ( stream_.userInterleaved != stream_.deviceInterleaved[mode] &&
++       stream_.nUserChannels[mode] > 1 )
++    stream_.doConvertBuffer[mode] = true;
++
++  // Allocate the stream handles if necessary and then save.
++  if ( stream_.apiHandle == 0 ) {
++    try {
++      handle = new OssHandle;
++    }
++    catch ( std::bad_alloc& ) {
++      errorText_ = "RtApiOss::probeDeviceOpen: error allocating OssHandle memory.";
++      goto error;
++    }
++
++    if ( pthread_cond_init( &handle->runnable, NULL ) ) {
++      errorText_ = "RtApiOss::probeDeviceOpen: error initializing pthread condition variable.";
++      goto error;
++    }
++
++    stream_.apiHandle = (void *) handle;
++  }
++  else {
++    handle = (OssHandle *) stream_.apiHandle;
++  }
++  handle->id[mode] = fd;
++
++  // Allocate necessary internal buffers.
++  unsigned long bufferBytes;
++  bufferBytes = stream_.nUserChannels[mode] * *bufferSize * formatBytes( stream_.userFormat );
++  stream_.userBuffer[mode] = (char *) calloc( bufferBytes, 1 );
++  if ( stream_.userBuffer[mode] == NULL ) {
++    errorText_ = "RtApiOss::probeDeviceOpen: error allocating user buffer memory.";
++    goto error;
++  }
++
++  if ( stream_.doConvertBuffer[mode] ) {
++
++    bool makeBuffer = true;
++    bufferBytes = stream_.nDeviceChannels[mode] * formatBytes( stream_.deviceFormat[mode] );
++    if ( mode == INPUT ) {
++      if ( stream_.mode == OUTPUT && stream_.deviceBuffer ) {
++        unsigned long bytesOut = stream_.nDeviceChannels[0] * formatBytes( stream_.deviceFormat[0] );
++        if ( bufferBytes <= bytesOut ) makeBuffer = false;
++      }
++    }
++
++    if ( makeBuffer ) {
++      bufferBytes *= *bufferSize;
++      if ( stream_.deviceBuffer ) free( stream_.deviceBuffer );
++      stream_.deviceBuffer = (char *) calloc( bufferBytes, 1 );
++      if ( stream_.deviceBuffer == NULL ) {
++        errorText_ = "RtApiOss::probeDeviceOpen: error allocating device buffer memory.";
++        goto error;
++      }
++    }
++  }
++
++  stream_.device[mode] = device;
++  stream_.state = STREAM_STOPPED;
++
++  // Setup the buffer conversion information structure.
++  if ( stream_.doConvertBuffer[mode] ) setConvertInfo( mode, firstChannel );
++
++  // Setup thread if necessary.
++  if ( stream_.mode == OUTPUT && mode == INPUT ) {
++    // We had already set up an output stream.
++    stream_.mode = DUPLEX;
++    if ( stream_.device[0] == device ) handle->id[0] = fd;
++  }
++  else {
++    stream_.mode = mode;
++
++    // Setup callback thread.
++    stream_.callbackInfo.object = (void *) this;
++
++    // Set the thread attributes for joinable and realtime scheduling
++    // priority.  The higher priority will only take affect if the
++    // program is run as root or suid.
++    pthread_attr_t attr;
++    pthread_attr_init( &attr );
++    pthread_attr_setdetachstate( &attr, PTHREAD_CREATE_JOINABLE );
++#ifdef SCHED_RR // Undefined with some OSes (eg: NetBSD 1.6.x with GNU Pthread)
++    if ( options && options->flags & RTAUDIO_SCHEDULE_REALTIME ) {
++      struct sched_param param;
++      int priority = options->priority;
++      int min = sched_get_priority_min( SCHED_RR );
++      int max = sched_get_priority_max( SCHED_RR );
++      if ( priority < min ) priority = min;
++      else if ( priority > max ) priority = max;
++      param.sched_priority = priority;
++      pthread_attr_setschedparam( &attr, &param );
++      pthread_attr_setschedpolicy( &attr, SCHED_RR );
++    }
++    else
++      pthread_attr_setschedpolicy( &attr, SCHED_OTHER );
++#else
++    pthread_attr_setschedpolicy( &attr, SCHED_OTHER );
++#endif
 +
-+object->stopStream();
-+_endthreadex( 0 );
-+return 0;
++    stream_.callbackInfo.isRunning = true;
++    result = pthread_create( &stream_.callbackInfo.thread, &attr, ossCallbackHandler, &stream_.callbackInfo );
++    pthread_attr_destroy( &attr );
++    if ( result ) {
++      stream_.callbackInfo.isRunning = false;
++      errorText_ = "RtApiOss::error creating callback thread!";
++      goto error;
++    }
++  }
++
++  return SUCCESS;
++
++ error:
++  if ( handle ) {
++    pthread_cond_destroy( &handle->runnable );
++    if ( handle->id[0] ) close( handle->id[0] );
++    if ( handle->id[1] ) close( handle->id[1] );
++    delete handle;
++    stream_.apiHandle = 0;
++  }
++
++  for ( int i=0; i<2; i++ ) {
++    if ( stream_.userBuffer[i] ) {
++      free( stream_.userBuffer[i] );
++      stream_.userBuffer[i] = 0;
++    }
++  }
++
++  if ( stream_.deviceBuffer ) {
++    free( stream_.deviceBuffer );
++    stream_.deviceBuffer = 0;
++  }
++
++  return FAILURE;
 +}
 +
-+bool RtApiAsio :: callbackEvent( long bufferIndex )
++void RtApiOss :: closeStream()
 +{
-+if ( stream_.state == STREAM_STOPPED || stream_.state == STREAM_STOPPING ) return SUCCESS;
-+if ( stream_.state == STREAM_CLOSED ) {
-+errorText_ = "RtApiAsio::callbackEvent(): the stream is closed ... this shouldn't happen!";
-+error( RtAudioError::WARNING );
-+return FAILURE;
++  if ( stream_.state == STREAM_CLOSED ) {
++    errorText_ = "RtApiOss::closeStream(): no open stream to close!";
++    error( RtAudioError::WARNING );
++    return;
++  }
++
++  OssHandle *handle = (OssHandle *) stream_.apiHandle;
++  stream_.callbackInfo.isRunning = false;
++  MUTEX_LOCK( &stream_.mutex );
++  if ( stream_.state == STREAM_STOPPED )
++    pthread_cond_signal( &handle->runnable );
++  MUTEX_UNLOCK( &stream_.mutex );
++  pthread_join( stream_.callbackInfo.thread, NULL );
++
++  if ( stream_.state == STREAM_RUNNING ) {
++    if ( stream_.mode == OUTPUT || stream_.mode == DUPLEX )
++      ioctl( handle->id[0], SNDCTL_DSP_HALT, 0 );
++    else
++      ioctl( handle->id[1], SNDCTL_DSP_HALT, 0 );
++    stream_.state = STREAM_STOPPED;
++  }
++
++  if ( handle ) {
++    pthread_cond_destroy( &handle->runnable );
++    if ( handle->id[0] ) close( handle->id[0] );
++    if ( handle->id[1] ) close( handle->id[1] );
++    delete handle;
++    stream_.apiHandle = 0;
++  }
++
++  for ( int i=0; i<2; i++ ) {
++    if ( stream_.userBuffer[i] ) {
++      free( stream_.userBuffer[i] );
++      stream_.userBuffer[i] = 0;
++    }
++  }
++
++  if ( stream_.deviceBuffer ) {
++    free( stream_.deviceBuffer );
++    stream_.deviceBuffer = 0;
++  }
++
++  stream_.mode = UNINITIALIZED;
++  stream_.state = STREAM_CLOSED;
 +}
 +
-+CallbackInfo *info = (CallbackInfo *) &stream_.callbackInfo;
-+AsioHandle *handle = (AsioHandle *) stream_.apiHandle;
-+
-+// Check if we were draining the stream and signal if finished.
-+if ( handle->drainCounter > 3 ) {
-+
-+stream_.state = STREAM_STOPPING;
-+if ( handle->internalDrain == false )
-+SetEvent( handle->condition );
-+else { // spawn a thread to stop the stream
-+unsigned threadId;
-+stream_.callbackInfo.thread = _beginthreadex( NULL, 0, &asioStopStream,
-+&stream_.callbackInfo, 0, &threadId );
-+}
-+return SUCCESS;
-+}
++void RtApiOss :: startStream()
++{
++  verifyStream();
++  if ( stream_.state == STREAM_RUNNING ) {
++    errorText_ = "RtApiOss::startStream(): the stream is already running!";
++    error( RtAudioError::WARNING );
++    return;
++  }
 +
-+// Invoke user callback to get fresh output data UNLESS we are
-+// draining stream.
-+if ( handle->drainCounter == 0 ) {
-+RtAudioCallback callback = (RtAudioCallback) info->callback;
-+double streamTime = getStreamTime();
-+RtAudioStreamStatus status = 0;
-+if ( stream_.mode != INPUT && asioXRun == true ) {
-+status |= RTAUDIO_OUTPUT_UNDERFLOW;
-+asioXRun = false;
-+}
-+if ( stream_.mode != OUTPUT && asioXRun == true ) {
-+status |= RTAUDIO_INPUT_OVERFLOW;
-+asioXRun = false;
-+}
-+int cbReturnValue = callback( stream_.userBuffer[0], stream_.userBuffer[1],
-+stream_.bufferSize, streamTime, status, info->userData );
-+if ( cbReturnValue == 2 ) {
-+stream_.state = STREAM_STOPPING;
-+handle->drainCounter = 2;
-+unsigned threadId;
-+stream_.callbackInfo.thread = _beginthreadex( NULL, 0, &asioStopStream,
-+&stream_.callbackInfo, 0, &threadId );
-+return SUCCESS;
-+}
-+else if ( cbReturnValue == 1 ) {
-+handle->drainCounter = 1;
-+handle->internalDrain = true;
-+}
-+}
++  MUTEX_LOCK( &stream_.mutex );
 +
-+unsigned int nChannels, bufferBytes, i, j;
-+nChannels = stream_.nDeviceChannels[0] + stream_.nDeviceChannels[1];
-+if ( stream_.mode == OUTPUT || stream_.mode == DUPLEX ) {
++  stream_.state = STREAM_RUNNING;
 +
-+bufferBytes = stream_.bufferSize * formatBytes( stream_.deviceFormat[0] );
++  // No need to do anything else here ... OSS automatically starts
++  // when fed samples.
 +
-+if ( handle->drainCounter > 1 ) { // write zeros to the output stream
++  MUTEX_UNLOCK( &stream_.mutex );
 +
-+for ( i=0, j=0; i<nChannels; i++ ) {
-+if ( handle->bufferInfos[i].isInput != ASIOTrue )
-+memset( handle->bufferInfos[i].buffers[bufferIndex], 0, bufferBytes );
++  OssHandle *handle = (OssHandle *) stream_.apiHandle;
++  pthread_cond_signal( &handle->runnable );
 +}
 +
++void RtApiOss :: stopStream()
++{
++  verifyStream();
++  if ( stream_.state == STREAM_STOPPED ) {
++    errorText_ = "RtApiOss::stopStream(): the stream is already stopped!";
++    error( RtAudioError::WARNING );
++    return;
++  }
++
++  MUTEX_LOCK( &stream_.mutex );
++
++  // The state might change while waiting on a mutex.
++  if ( stream_.state == STREAM_STOPPED ) {
++    MUTEX_UNLOCK( &stream_.mutex );
++    return;
++  }
++
++  int result = 0;
++  OssHandle *handle = (OssHandle *) stream_.apiHandle;
++  if ( stream_.mode == OUTPUT || stream_.mode == DUPLEX ) {
++
++    // Flush the output with zeros a few times.
++    char *buffer;
++    int samples;
++    RtAudioFormat format;
++
++    if ( stream_.doConvertBuffer[0] ) {
++      buffer = stream_.deviceBuffer;
++      samples = stream_.bufferSize * stream_.nDeviceChannels[0];
++      format = stream_.deviceFormat[0];
++    }
++    else {
++      buffer = stream_.userBuffer[0];
++      samples = stream_.bufferSize * stream_.nUserChannels[0];
++      format = stream_.userFormat;
++    }
++
++    memset( buffer, 0, samples * formatBytes(format) );
++    for ( unsigned int i=0; i<stream_.nBuffers+1; i++ ) {
++      result = write( handle->id[0], buffer, samples * formatBytes(format) );
++      if ( result == -1 ) {
++        errorText_ = "RtApiOss::stopStream: audio write error.";
++        error( RtAudioError::WARNING );
++      }
++    }
++
++    result = ioctl( handle->id[0], SNDCTL_DSP_HALT, 0 );
++    if ( result == -1 ) {
++      errorStream_ << "RtApiOss::stopStream: system error stopping callback procedure on device (" << stream_.device[0] << ").";
++      errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
++      goto unlock;
++    }
++    handle->triggered = false;
++  }
++
++  if ( stream_.mode == INPUT || ( stream_.mode == DUPLEX && handle->id[0] != handle->id[1] ) ) {
++    result = ioctl( handle->id[1], SNDCTL_DSP_HALT, 0 );
++    if ( result == -1 ) {
++      errorStream_ << "RtApiOss::stopStream: system error stopping input callback procedure on device (" << stream_.device[0] << ").";
++      errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
++      goto unlock;
++    }
++  }
++
++ unlock:
++  stream_.state = STREAM_STOPPED;
++  MUTEX_UNLOCK( &stream_.mutex );
++
++  if ( result != -1 ) return;
++  error( RtAudioError::SYSTEM_ERROR );
 +}
-+else if ( stream_.doConvertBuffer[0] ) {
-+
-+convertBuffer( stream_.deviceBuffer, stream_.userBuffer[0], stream_.convertInfo[0] );
-+if ( stream_.doByteSwap[0] )
-+byteSwapBuffer( stream_.deviceBuffer,
-+stream_.bufferSize * stream_.nDeviceChannels[0],
-+stream_.deviceFormat[0] );
-+
-+for ( i=0, j=0; i<nChannels; i++ ) {
-+if ( handle->bufferInfos[i].isInput != ASIOTrue )
-+memcpy( handle->bufferInfos[i].buffers[bufferIndex],
-+&stream_.deviceBuffer[j++*bufferBytes], bufferBytes );
++
++void RtApiOss :: abortStream()
++{
++  verifyStream();
++  if ( stream_.state == STREAM_STOPPED ) {
++    errorText_ = "RtApiOss::abortStream(): the stream is already stopped!";
++    error( RtAudioError::WARNING );
++    return;
++  }
++
++  MUTEX_LOCK( &stream_.mutex );
++
++  // The state might change while waiting on a mutex.
++  if ( stream_.state == STREAM_STOPPED ) {
++    MUTEX_UNLOCK( &stream_.mutex );
++    return;
++  }
++
++  int result = 0;
++  OssHandle *handle = (OssHandle *) stream_.apiHandle;
++  if ( stream_.mode == OUTPUT || stream_.mode == DUPLEX ) {
++    result = ioctl( handle->id[0], SNDCTL_DSP_HALT, 0 );
++    if ( result == -1 ) {
++      errorStream_ << "RtApiOss::abortStream: system error stopping callback procedure on device (" << stream_.device[0] << ").";
++      errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
++      goto unlock;
++    }
++    handle->triggered = false;
++  }
++
++  if ( stream_.mode == INPUT || ( stream_.mode == DUPLEX && handle->id[0] != handle->id[1] ) ) {
++    result = ioctl( handle->id[1], SNDCTL_DSP_HALT, 0 );
++    if ( result == -1 ) {
++      errorStream_ << "RtApiOss::abortStream: system error stopping input callback procedure on device (" << stream_.device[0] << ").";
++      errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
++      goto unlock;
++    }
++  }
++
++ unlock:
++  stream_.state = STREAM_STOPPED;
++  MUTEX_UNLOCK( &stream_.mutex );
++
++  if ( result != -1 ) return;
++  error( RtAudioError::SYSTEM_ERROR );
 +}
 +
++void RtApiOss :: callbackEvent()
++{
++  OssHandle *handle = (OssHandle *) stream_.apiHandle;
++  if ( stream_.state == STREAM_STOPPED ) {
++    MUTEX_LOCK( &stream_.mutex );
++    pthread_cond_wait( &handle->runnable, &stream_.mutex );
++    if ( stream_.state != STREAM_RUNNING ) {
++      MUTEX_UNLOCK( &stream_.mutex );
++      return;
++    }
++    MUTEX_UNLOCK( &stream_.mutex );
++  }
++
++  if ( stream_.state == STREAM_CLOSED ) {
++    errorText_ = "RtApiOss::callbackEvent(): the stream is closed ... this shouldn't happen!";
++    error( RtAudioError::WARNING );
++    return;
++  }
++
++  // Invoke user callback to get fresh output data.
++  int doStopStream = 0;
++  RtAudioCallback callback = (RtAudioCallback) stream_.callbackInfo.callback;
++  double streamTime = getStreamTime();
++  RtAudioStreamStatus status = 0;
++  if ( stream_.mode != INPUT && handle->xrun[0] == true ) {
++    status |= RTAUDIO_OUTPUT_UNDERFLOW;
++    handle->xrun[0] = false;
++  }
++  if ( stream_.mode != OUTPUT && handle->xrun[1] == true ) {
++    status |= RTAUDIO_INPUT_OVERFLOW;
++    handle->xrun[1] = false;
++  }
++  doStopStream = callback( stream_.userBuffer[0], stream_.userBuffer[1],
++                           stream_.bufferSize, streamTime, status, stream_.callbackInfo.userData );
++  if ( doStopStream == 2 ) {
++    this->abortStream();
++    return;
++  }
++
++  MUTEX_LOCK( &stream_.mutex );
++
++  // The state might change while waiting on a mutex.
++  if ( stream_.state == STREAM_STOPPED ) goto unlock;
++
++  int result;
++  char *buffer;
++  int samples;
++  RtAudioFormat format;
++
++  if ( stream_.mode == OUTPUT || stream_.mode == DUPLEX ) {
++
++    // Setup parameters and do buffer conversion if necessary.
++    if ( stream_.doConvertBuffer[0] ) {
++      buffer = stream_.deviceBuffer;
++      convertBuffer( buffer, stream_.userBuffer[0], stream_.convertInfo[0] );
++      samples = stream_.bufferSize * stream_.nDeviceChannels[0];
++      format = stream_.deviceFormat[0];
++    }
++    else {
++      buffer = stream_.userBuffer[0];
++      samples = stream_.bufferSize * stream_.nUserChannels[0];
++      format = stream_.userFormat;
++    }
++
++    // Do byte swapping if necessary.
++    if ( stream_.doByteSwap[0] )
++      byteSwapBuffer( buffer, samples, format );
++
++    if ( stream_.mode == DUPLEX && handle->triggered == false ) {
++      int trig = 0;
++      ioctl( handle->id[0], SNDCTL_DSP_SETTRIGGER, &trig );
++      result = write( handle->id[0], buffer, samples * formatBytes(format) );
++      trig = PCM_ENABLE_INPUT|PCM_ENABLE_OUTPUT;
++      ioctl( handle->id[0], SNDCTL_DSP_SETTRIGGER, &trig );
++      handle->triggered = true;
++    }
++    else
++      // Write samples to device.
++      result = write( handle->id[0], buffer, samples * formatBytes(format) );
++
++    if ( result == -1 ) {
++      // We'll assume this is an underrun, though there isn't a
++      // specific means for determining that.
++      handle->xrun[0] = true;
++      errorText_ = "RtApiOss::callbackEvent: audio write error.";
++      error( RtAudioError::WARNING );
++      // Continue on to input section.
++    }
++  }
++
++  if ( stream_.mode == INPUT || stream_.mode == DUPLEX ) {
++
++    // Setup parameters.
++    if ( stream_.doConvertBuffer[1] ) {
++      buffer = stream_.deviceBuffer;
++      samples = stream_.bufferSize * stream_.nDeviceChannels[1];
++      format = stream_.deviceFormat[1];
++    }
++    else {
++      buffer = stream_.userBuffer[1];
++      samples = stream_.bufferSize * stream_.nUserChannels[1];
++      format = stream_.userFormat;
++    }
++
++    // Read samples from device.
++    result = read( handle->id[1], buffer, samples * formatBytes(format) );
++
++    if ( result == -1 ) {
++      // We'll assume this is an overrun, though there isn't a
++      // specific means for determining that.
++      handle->xrun[1] = true;
++      errorText_ = "RtApiOss::callbackEvent: audio read error.";
++      error( RtAudioError::WARNING );
++      goto unlock;
++    }
++
++    // Do byte swapping if necessary.
++    if ( stream_.doByteSwap[1] )
++      byteSwapBuffer( buffer, samples, format );
++
++    // Do buffer conversion if necessary.
++    if ( stream_.doConvertBuffer[1] )
++      convertBuffer( stream_.userBuffer[1], stream_.deviceBuffer, stream_.convertInfo[1] );
++  }
++
++ unlock:
++  MUTEX_UNLOCK( &stream_.mutex );
++
++  RtApi::tickStreamTime();
++  if ( doStopStream == 1 ) this->stopStream();
 +}
-+else {
 +
-+if ( stream_.doByteSwap[0] )
-+byteSwapBuffer( stream_.userBuffer[0],
-+stream_.bufferSize * stream_.nUserChannels[0],
-+stream_.userFormat );
++static void *ossCallbackHandler( void *ptr )
++{
++  CallbackInfo *info = (CallbackInfo *) ptr;
++  RtApiOss *object = (RtApiOss *) info->object;
++  bool *isRunning = &info->isRunning;
 +
-+for ( i=0, j=0; i<nChannels; i++ ) {
-+if ( handle->bufferInfos[i].isInput != ASIOTrue )
-+memcpy( handle->bufferInfos[i].buffers[bufferIndex],
-+&stream_.userBuffer[0][bufferBytes*j++], bufferBytes );
-+}
++  while ( *isRunning == true ) {
++    pthread_testcancel();
++    object->callbackEvent();
++  }
 +
-+}
++  pthread_exit( NULL );
 +}
 +
-+// Don't bother draining input
-+if ( handle->drainCounter ) {
-+handle->drainCounter++;
-+goto unlock;
-+}
++//******************** End of __LINUX_OSS__ *********************//
++#endif
 +
-+if ( stream_.mode == INPUT || stream_.mode == DUPLEX ) {
 +
-+bufferBytes = stream_.bufferSize * formatBytes(stream_.deviceFormat[1]);
++// *************************************************** //
++//
++// Protected common (OS-independent) RtAudio methods.
++//
++// *************************************************** //
 +
-+if (stream_.doConvertBuffer[1]) {
++// This method can be modified to control the behavior of error
++// message printing.
++void RtApi :: error( RtAudioError::Type type )
++{
++  errorStream_.str(""); // clear the ostringstream
 +
-+// Always interleave ASIO input data.
-+for ( i=0, j=0; i<nChannels; i++ ) {
-+if ( handle->bufferInfos[i].isInput == ASIOTrue )
-+memcpy( &stream_.deviceBuffer[j++*bufferBytes],
-+handle->bufferInfos[i].buffers[bufferIndex],
-+bufferBytes );
-+}
++  RtAudioErrorCallback errorCallback = (RtAudioErrorCallback) stream_.callbackInfo.errorCallback;
++  if ( errorCallback ) {
++    // abortStream() can generate new error messages. Ignore them. Just keep original one.
 +
-+if ( stream_.doByteSwap[1] )
-+byteSwapBuffer( stream_.deviceBuffer,
-+stream_.bufferSize * stream_.nDeviceChannels[1],
-+stream_.deviceFormat[1] );
-+convertBuffer( stream_.userBuffer[1], stream_.deviceBuffer, stream_.convertInfo[1] );
++    if ( firstErrorOccurred_ )
++      return;
 +
-+}
-+else {
-+for ( i=0, j=0; i<nChannels; i++ ) {
-+if ( handle->bufferInfos[i].isInput == ASIOTrue ) {
-+memcpy( &stream_.userBuffer[1][bufferBytes*j++],
-+handle->bufferInfos[i].buffers[bufferIndex],
-+bufferBytes );
-+}
-+}
++    firstErrorOccurred_ = true;
++    const std::string errorMessage = errorText_;
 +
-+if ( stream_.doByteSwap[1] )
-+byteSwapBuffer( stream_.userBuffer[1],
-+stream_.bufferSize * stream_.nUserChannels[1],
-+stream_.userFormat );
-+}
-+}
++    if ( type != RtAudioError::WARNING && stream_.state != STREAM_STOPPED) {
++      stream_.callbackInfo.isRunning = false; // exit from the thread
++      abortStream();
++    }
 +
-+unlock:
-+// The following call was suggested by Malte Clasen.  While the API
-+// documentation indicates it should not be required, some device
-+// drivers apparently do not function correctly without it.
-+ASIOOutputReady();
++    errorCallback( type, errorMessage );
++    firstErrorOccurred_ = false;
++    return;
++  }
 +
-+RtApi::tickStreamTime();
-+return SUCCESS;
++  if ( type == RtAudioError::WARNING && showWarnings_ == true )
++    std::cerr << '\n' << errorText_ << "\n\n";
++  else if ( type != RtAudioError::WARNING )
++    throw( RtAudioError( errorText_, type ) );
 +}
 +
-+static void sampleRateChanged( ASIOSampleRate sRate )
++void RtApi :: verifyStream()
 +{
-+// The ASIO documentation says that this usually only happens during
-+// external sync.  Audio processing is not stopped by the driver,
-+// actual sample rate might not have even changed, maybe only the
-+// sample rate status of an AES/EBU or S/PDIF digital input at the
-+// audio device.
-+
-+RtApi *object = (RtApi *) asioCallbackInfo->object;
-+try {
-+object->stopStream();
-+}
-+catch ( RtAudioError &exception ) {
-+std::cerr << "\nRtApiAsio: sampleRateChanged() error (" << exception.getMessage() << ")!\n" << std::endl;
-+return;
++  if ( stream_.state == STREAM_CLOSED ) {
++    errorText_ = "RtApi:: a stream is not open!";
++    error( RtAudioError::INVALID_USE );
++  }
 +}
 +
-+std::cerr << "\nRtApiAsio: driver reports sample rate changed to " << sRate << " ... stream stopped!!!\n" << std::endl;
-+}
-+
-+static long asioMessages( long selector, long value, void* /*message*/, double* /*opt*/ )
++void RtApi :: clearStreamInfo()
 +{
-+long ret = 0;
-+
-+switch( selector ) {
-+case kAsioSelectorSupported:
-+if ( value == kAsioResetRequest
-+|| value == kAsioEngineVersion
-+|| value == kAsioResyncRequest
-+|| value == kAsioLatenciesChanged
-+// The following three were added for ASIO 2.0, you don't
-+// necessarily have to support them.
-+|| value == kAsioSupportsTimeInfo
-+|| value == kAsioSupportsTimeCode
-+|| value == kAsioSupportsInputMonitor)
-+ret = 1L;
-+break;
-+case kAsioResetRequest:
-+// Defer the task and perform the reset of the driver during the
-+// next "safe" situation.  You cannot reset the driver right now,
-+// as this code is called from the driver.  Reset the driver is
-+// done by completely destruct is. I.e. ASIOStop(),
-+// ASIODisposeBuffers(), Destruction Afterwards you initialize the
-+// driver again.
-+std::cerr << "\nRtApiAsio: driver reset requested!!!" << std::endl;
-+ret = 1L;
-+break;
-+case kAsioResyncRequest:
-+// This informs the application that the driver encountered some
-+// non-fatal data loss.  It is used for synchronization purposes
-+// of different media.  Added mainly to work around the Win16Mutex
-+// problems in Windows 95/98 with the Windows Multimedia system,
-+// which could lose data because the Mutex was held too long by
-+// another thread.  However a driver can issue it in other
-+// situations, too.
-+// std::cerr << "\nRtApiAsio: driver resync requested!!!" << std::endl;
-+asioXRun = true;
-+ret = 1L;
-+break;
-+case kAsioLatenciesChanged:
-+// This will inform the host application that the drivers were
-+// latencies changed.  Beware, it this does not mean that the
-+// buffer sizes have changed!  You might need to update internal
-+// delay data.
-+std::cerr << "\nRtApiAsio: driver latency may have changed!!!" << std::endl;
-+ret = 1L;
-+break;
-+case kAsioEngineVersion:
-+// Return the supported ASIO version of the host application.  If
-+// a host application does not implement this selector, ASIO 1.0
-+// is assumed by the driver.
-+ret = 2L;
-+break;
-+case kAsioSupportsTimeInfo:
-+// Informs the driver whether the
-+// asioCallbacks.bufferSwitchTimeInfo() callback is supported.
-+// For compatibility with ASIO 1.0 drivers the host application
-+// should always support the "old" bufferSwitch method, too.
-+ret = 0;
-+break;
-+case kAsioSupportsTimeCode:
-+// Informs the driver whether application is interested in time
-+// code info.  If an application does not need to know about time
-+// code, the driver has less work to do.
-+ret = 0;
-+break;
++  stream_.mode = UNINITIALIZED;
++  stream_.state = STREAM_CLOSED;
++  stream_.sampleRate = 0;
++  stream_.bufferSize = 0;
++  stream_.nBuffers = 0;
++  stream_.userFormat = 0;
++  stream_.userInterleaved = true;
++  stream_.streamTime = 0.0;
++  stream_.apiHandle = 0;
++  stream_.deviceBuffer = 0;
++  stream_.callbackInfo.callback = 0;
++  stream_.callbackInfo.userData = 0;
++  stream_.callbackInfo.isRunning = false;
++  stream_.callbackInfo.errorCallback = 0;
++  for ( int i=0; i<2; i++ ) {
++    stream_.device[i] = 11111;
++    stream_.doConvertBuffer[i] = false;
++    stream_.deviceInterleaved[i] = true;
++    stream_.doByteSwap[i] = false;
++    stream_.nUserChannels[i] = 0;
++    stream_.nDeviceChannels[i] = 0;
++    stream_.channelOffset[i] = 0;
++    stream_.deviceFormat[i] = 0;
++    stream_.latency[i] = 0;
++    stream_.userBuffer[i] = 0;
++    stream_.convertInfo[i].channels = 0;
++    stream_.convertInfo[i].inJump = 0;
++    stream_.convertInfo[i].outJump = 0;
++    stream_.convertInfo[i].inFormat = 0;
++    stream_.convertInfo[i].outFormat = 0;
++    stream_.convertInfo[i].inOffset.clear();
++    stream_.convertInfo[i].outOffset.clear();
++  }
 +}
-+return ret;
-+}
-+
-+static const char* getAsioErrorString( ASIOError result )
-+{
-+struct Messages 
-+{
-+ASIOError value;
-+const char*message;
-+};
 +
-+static const Messages m[] = 
++unsigned int RtApi :: formatBytes( RtAudioFormat format )
 +{
-+{   ASE_NotPresent,    "Hardware input or output is not present or available." },
-+{   ASE_HWMalfunction,  "Hardware is malfunctioning." },
-+{   ASE_InvalidParameter, "Invalid input parameter." },
-+{   ASE_InvalidMode,      "Invalid mode." },
-+{   ASE_SPNotAdvancing,     "Sample position not advancing." },
-+{   ASE_NoClock,            "Sample clock or rate cannot be determined or is not present." },
-+{   ASE_NoMemory,           "Not enough memory to complete the request." }
-+};
++  if ( format == RTAUDIO_SINT16 )
++    return 2;
++  else if ( format == RTAUDIO_SINT32 || format == RTAUDIO_FLOAT32 )
++    return 4;
++  else if ( format == RTAUDIO_FLOAT64 )
++    return 8;
++  else if ( format == RTAUDIO_SINT24 )
++    return 3;
++  else if ( format == RTAUDIO_SINT8 )
++    return 1;
 +
-+for ( unsigned int i = 0; i < sizeof(m)/sizeof(m[0]); ++i )
-+if ( m[i].value == result ) return m[i].message;
++  errorText_ = "RtApi::formatBytes: undefined format.";
++  error( RtAudioError::WARNING );
 +
-+return "Unknown error.";
++  return 0;
 +}
 +
-+//******************** End of __WINDOWS_ASIO__ *********************//
-+#endif
-+
++void RtApi :: setConvertInfo( StreamMode mode, unsigned int firstChannel )
++{
++  if ( mode == INPUT ) { // convert device to user buffer
++    stream_.convertInfo[mode].inJump = stream_.nDeviceChannels[1];
++    stream_.convertInfo[mode].outJump = stream_.nUserChannels[1];
++    stream_.convertInfo[mode].inFormat = stream_.deviceFormat[1];
++    stream_.convertInfo[mode].outFormat = stream_.userFormat;
++  }
++  else { // convert user to device buffer
++    stream_.convertInfo[mode].inJump = stream_.nUserChannels[0];
++    stream_.convertInfo[mode].outJump = stream_.nDeviceChannels[0];
++    stream_.convertInfo[mode].inFormat = stream_.userFormat;
++    stream_.convertInfo[mode].outFormat = stream_.deviceFormat[0];
++  }
++
++  if ( stream_.convertInfo[mode].inJump < stream_.convertInfo[mode].outJump )
++    stream_.convertInfo[mode].channels = stream_.convertInfo[mode].inJump;
++  else
++    stream_.convertInfo[mode].channels = stream_.convertInfo[mode].outJump;
++
++  // Set up the interleave/deinterleave offsets.
++  if ( stream_.deviceInterleaved[mode] != stream_.userInterleaved ) {
++    if ( ( mode == OUTPUT && stream_.deviceInterleaved[mode] ) ||
++         ( mode == INPUT && stream_.userInterleaved ) ) {
++      for ( int k=0; k<stream_.convertInfo[mode].channels; k++ ) {
++        stream_.convertInfo[mode].inOffset.push_back( k * stream_.bufferSize );
++        stream_.convertInfo[mode].outOffset.push_back( k );
++        stream_.convertInfo[mode].inJump = 1;
++      }
++    }
++    else {
++      for ( int k=0; k<stream_.convertInfo[mode].channels; k++ ) {
++        stream_.convertInfo[mode].inOffset.push_back( k );
++        stream_.convertInfo[mode].outOffset.push_back( k * stream_.bufferSize );
++        stream_.convertInfo[mode].outJump = 1;
++      }
++    }
++  }
++  else { // no (de)interleaving
++    if ( stream_.userInterleaved ) {
++      for ( int k=0; k<stream_.convertInfo[mode].channels; k++ ) {
++        stream_.convertInfo[mode].inOffset.push_back( k );
++        stream_.convertInfo[mode].outOffset.push_back( k );
++      }
++    }
++    else {
++      for ( int k=0; k<stream_.convertInfo[mode].channels; k++ ) {
++        stream_.convertInfo[mode].inOffset.push_back( k * stream_.bufferSize );
++        stream_.convertInfo[mode].outOffset.push_back( k * stream_.bufferSize );
++        stream_.convertInfo[mode].inJump = 1;
++        stream_.convertInfo[mode].outJump = 1;
++      }
++    }
++  }
++
++  // Add channel offset.
++  if ( firstChannel > 0 ) {
++    if ( stream_.deviceInterleaved[mode] ) {
++      if ( mode == OUTPUT ) {
++        for ( int k=0; k<stream_.convertInfo[mode].channels; k++ )
++          stream_.convertInfo[mode].outOffset[k] += firstChannel;
++      }
++      else {
++        for ( int k=0; k<stream_.convertInfo[mode].channels; k++ )
++          stream_.convertInfo[mode].inOffset[k] += firstChannel;
++      }
++    }
++    else {
++      if ( mode == OUTPUT ) {
++        for ( int k=0; k<stream_.convertInfo[mode].channels; k++ )
++          stream_.convertInfo[mode].outOffset[k] += ( firstChannel * stream_.bufferSize );
++      }
++      else {
++        for ( int k=0; k<stream_.convertInfo[mode].channels; k++ )
++          stream_.convertInfo[mode].inOffset[k] += ( firstChannel  * stream_.bufferSize );
++      }
++    }
++  }
++}
 +
-+#if defined(__WINDOWS_WASAPI__) // Windows WASAPI API
++void RtApi :: convertBuffer( char *outBuffer, char *inBuffer, ConvertInfo &info )
++{
++  // This function does format conversion, input/output channel compensation, and
++  // data interleaving/deinterleaving.  24-bit integers are assumed to occupy
++  // the lower three bytes of a 32-bit integer.
++
++  // Clear our device buffer when in/out duplex device channels are different
++  if ( outBuffer == stream_.deviceBuffer && stream_.mode == DUPLEX &&
++       ( stream_.nDeviceChannels[0] < stream_.nDeviceChannels[1] ) )
++    memset( outBuffer, 0, stream_.bufferSize * info.outJump * formatBytes( info.outFormat ) );
++
++  int j;
++  if (info.outFormat == RTAUDIO_FLOAT64) {
++    Float64 scale;
++    Float64 *out = (Float64 *)outBuffer;
++
++    if (info.inFormat == RTAUDIO_SINT8) {
++      signed char *in = (signed char *)inBuffer;
++      scale = 1.0 / 127.5;
++      for (unsigned int i=0; i<stream_.bufferSize; i++) {
++        for (j=0; j<info.channels; j++) {
++          out[info.outOffset[j]] = (Float64) in[info.inOffset[j]];
++          out[info.outOffset[j]] += 0.5;
++          out[info.outOffset[j]] *= scale;
++        }
++        in += info.inJump;
++        out += info.outJump;
++      }
++    }
++    else if (info.inFormat == RTAUDIO_SINT16) {
++      Int16 *in = (Int16 *)inBuffer;
++      scale = 1.0 / 32767.5;
++      for (unsigned int i=0; i<stream_.bufferSize; i++) {
++        for (j=0; j<info.channels; j++) {
++          out[info.outOffset[j]] = (Float64) in[info.inOffset[j]];
++          out[info.outOffset[j]] += 0.5;
++          out[info.outOffset[j]] *= scale;
++        }
++        in += info.inJump;
++        out += info.outJump;
++      }
++    }
++    else if (info.inFormat == RTAUDIO_SINT24) {
++      Int24 *in = (Int24 *)inBuffer;
++      scale = 1.0 / 8388607.5;
++      for (unsigned int i=0; i<stream_.bufferSize; i++) {
++        for (j=0; j<info.channels; j++) {
++          out[info.outOffset[j]] = (Float64) (in[info.inOffset[j]].asInt());
++          out[info.outOffset[j]] += 0.5;
++          out[info.outOffset[j]] *= scale;
++        }
++        in += info.inJump;
++        out += info.outJump;
++      }
++    }
++    else if (info.inFormat == RTAUDIO_SINT32) {
++      Int32 *in = (Int32 *)inBuffer;
++      scale = 1.0 / 2147483647.5;
++      for (unsigned int i=0; i<stream_.bufferSize; i++) {
++        for (j=0; j<info.channels; j++) {
++          out[info.outOffset[j]] = (Float64) in[info.inOffset[j]];
++          out[info.outOffset[j]] += 0.5;
++          out[info.outOffset[j]] *= scale;
++        }
++        in += info.inJump;
++        out += info.outJump;
++      }
++    }
++    else if (info.inFormat == RTAUDIO_FLOAT32) {
++      Float32 *in = (Float32 *)inBuffer;
++      for (unsigned int i=0; i<stream_.bufferSize; i++) {
++        for (j=0; j<info.channels; j++) {
++          out[info.outOffset[j]] = (Float64) in[info.inOffset[j]];
++        }
++        in += info.inJump;
++        out += info.outJump;
++      }
++    }
++    else if (info.inFormat == RTAUDIO_FLOAT64) {
++      // Channel compensation and/or (de)interleaving only.
++      Float64 *in = (Float64 *)inBuffer;
++      for (unsigned int i=0; i<stream_.bufferSize; i++) {
++        for (j=0; j<info.channels; j++) {
++          out[info.outOffset[j]] = in[info.inOffset[j]];
++        }
++        in += info.inJump;
++        out += info.outJump;
++      }
++    }
++  }
++  else if (info.outFormat == RTAUDIO_FLOAT32) {
++    Float32 scale;
++    Float32 *out = (Float32 *)outBuffer;
++
++    if (info.inFormat == RTAUDIO_SINT8) {
++      signed char *in = (signed char *)inBuffer;
++      scale = (Float32) ( 1.0 / 127.5 );
++      for (unsigned int i=0; i<stream_.bufferSize; i++) {
++        for (j=0; j<info.channels; j++) {
++          out[info.outOffset[j]] = (Float32) in[info.inOffset[j]];
++          out[info.outOffset[j]] += 0.5;
++          out[info.outOffset[j]] *= scale;
++        }
++        in += info.inJump;
++        out += info.outJump;
++      }
++    }
++    else if (info.inFormat == RTAUDIO_SINT16) {
++      Int16 *in = (Int16 *)inBuffer;
++      scale = (Float32) ( 1.0 / 32767.5 );
++      for (unsigned int i=0; i<stream_.bufferSize; i++) {
++        for (j=0; j<info.channels; j++) {
++          out[info.outOffset[j]] = (Float32) in[info.inOffset[j]];
++          out[info.outOffset[j]] += 0.5;
++          out[info.outOffset[j]] *= scale;
++        }
++        in += info.inJump;
++        out += info.outJump;
++      }
++    }
++    else if (info.inFormat == RTAUDIO_SINT24) {
++      Int24 *in = (Int24 *)inBuffer;
++      scale = (Float32) ( 1.0 / 8388607.5 );
++      for (unsigned int i=0; i<stream_.bufferSize; i++) {
++        for (j=0; j<info.channels; j++) {
++          out[info.outOffset[j]] = (Float32) (in[info.inOffset[j]].asInt());
++          out[info.outOffset[j]] += 0.5;
++          out[info.outOffset[j]] *= scale;
++        }
++        in += info.inJump;
++        out += info.outJump;
++      }
++    }
++    else if (info.inFormat == RTAUDIO_SINT32) {
++      Int32 *in = (Int32 *)inBuffer;
++      scale = (Float32) ( 1.0 / 2147483647.5 );
++      for (unsigned int i=0; i<stream_.bufferSize; i++) {
++        for (j=0; j<info.channels; j++) {
++          out[info.outOffset[j]] = (Float32) in[info.inOffset[j]];
++          out[info.outOffset[j]] += 0.5;
++          out[info.outOffset[j]] *= scale;
++        }
++        in += info.inJump;
++        out += info.outJump;
++      }
++    }
++    else if (info.inFormat == RTAUDIO_FLOAT32) {
++      // Channel compensation and/or (de)interleaving only.
++      Float32 *in = (Float32 *)inBuffer;
++      for (unsigned int i=0; i<stream_.bufferSize; i++) {
++        for (j=0; j<info.channels; j++) {
++          out[info.outOffset[j]] = in[info.inOffset[j]];
++        }
++        in += info.inJump;
++        out += info.outJump;
++      }
++    }
++    else if (info.inFormat == RTAUDIO_FLOAT64) {
++      Float64 *in = (Float64 *)inBuffer;
++      for (unsigned int i=0; i<stream_.bufferSize; i++) {
++        for (j=0; j<info.channels; j++) {
++          out[info.outOffset[j]] = (Float32) in[info.inOffset[j]];
++        }
++        in += info.inJump;
++        out += info.outJump;
++      }
++    }
++  }
++  else if (info.outFormat == RTAUDIO_SINT32) {
++    Int32 *out = (Int32 *)outBuffer;
++    if (info.inFormat == RTAUDIO_SINT8) {
++      signed char *in = (signed char *)inBuffer;
++      for (unsigned int i=0; i<stream_.bufferSize; i++) {
++        for (j=0; j<info.channels; j++) {
++          out[info.outOffset[j]] = (Int32) in[info.inOffset[j]];
++          out[info.outOffset[j]] <<= 24;
++        }
++        in += info.inJump;
++        out += info.outJump;
++      }
++    }
++    else if (info.inFormat == RTAUDIO_SINT16) {
++      Int16 *in = (Int16 *)inBuffer;
++      for (unsigned int i=0; i<stream_.bufferSize; i++) {
++        for (j=0; j<info.channels; j++) {
++          out[info.outOffset[j]] = (Int32) in[info.inOffset[j]];
++          out[info.outOffset[j]] <<= 16;
++        }
++        in += info.inJump;
++        out += info.outJump;
++      }
++    }
++    else if (info.inFormat == RTAUDIO_SINT24) {
++      Int24 *in = (Int24 *)inBuffer;
++      for (unsigned int i=0; i<stream_.bufferSize; i++) {
++        for (j=0; j<info.channels; j++) {
++          out[info.outOffset[j]] = (Int32) in[info.inOffset[j]].asInt();
++          out[info.outOffset[j]] <<= 8;
++        }
++        in += info.inJump;
++        out += info.outJump;
++      }
++    }
++    else if (info.inFormat == RTAUDIO_SINT32) {
++      // Channel compensation and/or (de)interleaving only.
++      Int32 *in = (Int32 *)inBuffer;
++      for (unsigned int i=0; i<stream_.bufferSize; i++) {
++        for (j=0; j<info.channels; j++) {
++          out[info.outOffset[j]] = in[info.inOffset[j]];
++        }
++        in += info.inJump;
++        out += info.outJump;
++      }
++    }
++    else if (info.inFormat == RTAUDIO_FLOAT32) {
++      Float32 *in = (Float32 *)inBuffer;
++      for (unsigned int i=0; i<stream_.bufferSize; i++) {
++        for (j=0; j<info.channels; j++) {
++          out[info.outOffset[j]] = (Int32) (in[info.inOffset[j]] * 2147483647.5 - 0.5);
++        }
++        in += info.inJump;
++        out += info.outJump;
++      }
++    }
++    else if (info.inFormat == RTAUDIO_FLOAT64) {
++      Float64 *in = (Float64 *)inBuffer;
++      for (unsigned int i=0; i<stream_.bufferSize; i++) {
++        for (j=0; j<info.channels; j++) {
++          out[info.outOffset[j]] = (Int32) (in[info.inOffset[j]] * 2147483647.5 - 0.5);
++        }
++        in += info.inJump;
++        out += info.outJump;
++      }
++    }
++  }
++  else if (info.outFormat == RTAUDIO_SINT24) {
++    Int24 *out = (Int24 *)outBuffer;
++    if (info.inFormat == RTAUDIO_SINT8) {
++      signed char *in = (signed char *)inBuffer;
++      for (unsigned int i=0; i<stream_.bufferSize; i++) {
++        for (j=0; j<info.channels; j++) {
++          out[info.outOffset[j]] = (Int32) (in[info.inOffset[j]] << 16);
++          //out[info.outOffset[j]] <<= 16;
++        }
++        in += info.inJump;
++        out += info.outJump;
++      }
++    }
++    else if (info.inFormat == RTAUDIO_SINT16) {
++      Int16 *in = (Int16 *)inBuffer;
++      for (unsigned int i=0; i<stream_.bufferSize; i++) {
++        for (j=0; j<info.channels; j++) {
++          out[info.outOffset[j]] = (Int32) (in[info.inOffset[j]] << 8);
++          //out[info.outOffset[j]] <<= 8;
++        }
++        in += info.inJump;
++        out += info.outJump;
++      }
++    }
++    else if (info.inFormat == RTAUDIO_SINT24) {
++      // Channel compensation and/or (de)interleaving only.
++      Int24 *in = (Int24 *)inBuffer;
++      for (unsigned int i=0; i<stream_.bufferSize; i++) {
++        for (j=0; j<info.channels; j++) {
++          out[info.outOffset[j]] = in[info.inOffset[j]];
++        }
++        in += info.inJump;
++        out += info.outJump;
++      }
++    }
++    else if (info.inFormat == RTAUDIO_SINT32) {
++      Int32 *in = (Int32 *)inBuffer;
++      for (unsigned int i=0; i<stream_.bufferSize; i++) {
++        for (j=0; j<info.channels; j++) {
++          out[info.outOffset[j]] = (Int32) (in[info.inOffset[j]] >> 8);
++          //out[info.outOffset[j]] >>= 8;
++        }
++        in += info.inJump;
++        out += info.outJump;
++      }
++    }
++    else if (info.inFormat == RTAUDIO_FLOAT32) {
++      Float32 *in = (Float32 *)inBuffer;
++      for (unsigned int i=0; i<stream_.bufferSize; i++) {
++        for (j=0; j<info.channels; j++) {
++          out[info.outOffset[j]] = (Int32) (in[info.inOffset[j]] * 8388607.5 - 0.5);
++        }
++        in += info.inJump;
++        out += info.outJump;
++      }
++    }
++    else if (info.inFormat == RTAUDIO_FLOAT64) {
++      Float64 *in = (Float64 *)inBuffer;
++      for (unsigned int i=0; i<stream_.bufferSize; i++) {
++        for (j=0; j<info.channels; j++) {
++          out[info.outOffset[j]] = (Int32) (in[info.inOffset[j]] * 8388607.5 - 0.5);
++        }
++        in += info.inJump;
++        out += info.outJump;
++      }
++    }
++  }
++  else if (info.outFormat == RTAUDIO_SINT16) {
++    Int16 *out = (Int16 *)outBuffer;
++    if (info.inFormat == RTAUDIO_SINT8) {
++      signed char *in = (signed char *)inBuffer;
++      for (unsigned int i=0; i<stream_.bufferSize; i++) {
++        for (j=0; j<info.channels; j++) {
++          out[info.outOffset[j]] = (Int16) in[info.inOffset[j]];
++          out[info.outOffset[j]] <<= 8;
++        }
++        in += info.inJump;
++        out += info.outJump;
++      }
++    }
++    else if (info.inFormat == RTAUDIO_SINT16) {
++      // Channel compensation and/or (de)interleaving only.
++      Int16 *in = (Int16 *)inBuffer;
++      for (unsigned int i=0; i<stream_.bufferSize; i++) {
++        for (j=0; j<info.channels; j++) {
++          out[info.outOffset[j]] = in[info.inOffset[j]];
++        }
++        in += info.inJump;
++        out += info.outJump;
++      }
++    }
++    else if (info.inFormat == RTAUDIO_SINT24) {
++      Int24 *in = (Int24 *)inBuffer;
++      for (unsigned int i=0; i<stream_.bufferSize; i++) {
++        for (j=0; j<info.channels; j++) {
++          out[info.outOffset[j]] = (Int16) (in[info.inOffset[j]].asInt() >> 8);
++        }
++        in += info.inJump;
++        out += info.outJump;
++      }
++    }
++    else if (info.inFormat == RTAUDIO_SINT32) {
++      Int32 *in = (Int32 *)inBuffer;
++      for (unsigned int i=0; i<stream_.bufferSize; i++) {
++        for (j=0; j<info.channels; j++) {
++          out[info.outOffset[j]] = (Int16) ((in[info.inOffset[j]] >> 16) & 0x0000ffff);
++        }
++        in += info.inJump;
++        out += info.outJump;
++      }
++    }
++    else if (info.inFormat == RTAUDIO_FLOAT32) {
++      Float32 *in = (Float32 *)inBuffer;
++      for (unsigned int i=0; i<stream_.bufferSize; i++) {
++        for (j=0; j<info.channels; j++) {
++          out[info.outOffset[j]] = (Int16) (in[info.inOffset[j]] * 32767.5 - 0.5);
++        }
++        in += info.inJump;
++        out += info.outJump;
++      }
++    }
++    else if (info.inFormat == RTAUDIO_FLOAT64) {
++      Float64 *in = (Float64 *)inBuffer;
++      for (unsigned int i=0; i<stream_.bufferSize; i++) {
++        for (j=0; j<info.channels; j++) {
++          out[info.outOffset[j]] = (Int16) (in[info.inOffset[j]] * 32767.5 - 0.5);
++        }
++        in += info.inJump;
++        out += info.outJump;
++      }
++    }
++  }
++  else if (info.outFormat == RTAUDIO_SINT8) {
++    signed char *out = (signed char *)outBuffer;
++    if (info.inFormat == RTAUDIO_SINT8) {
++      // Channel compensation and/or (de)interleaving only.
++      signed char *in = (signed char *)inBuffer;
++      for (unsigned int i=0; i<stream_.bufferSize; i++) {
++        for (j=0; j<info.channels; j++) {
++          out[info.outOffset[j]] = in[info.inOffset[j]];
++        }
++        in += info.inJump;
++        out += info.outJump;
++      }
++    }
++    if (info.inFormat == RTAUDIO_SINT16) {
++      Int16 *in = (Int16 *)inBuffer;
++      for (unsigned int i=0; i<stream_.bufferSize; i++) {
++        for (j=0; j<info.channels; j++) {
++          out[info.outOffset[j]] = (signed char) ((in[info.inOffset[j]] >> 8) & 0x00ff);
++        }
++        in += info.inJump;
++        out += info.outJump;
++      }
++    }
++    else if (info.inFormat == RTAUDIO_SINT24) {
++      Int24 *in = (Int24 *)inBuffer;
++      for (unsigned int i=0; i<stream_.bufferSize; i++) {
++        for (j=0; j<info.channels; j++) {
++          out[info.outOffset[j]] = (signed char) (in[info.inOffset[j]].asInt() >> 16);
++        }
++        in += info.inJump;
++        out += info.outJump;
++      }
++    }
++    else if (info.inFormat == RTAUDIO_SINT32) {
++      Int32 *in = (Int32 *)inBuffer;
++      for (unsigned int i=0; i<stream_.bufferSize; i++) {
++        for (j=0; j<info.channels; j++) {
++          out[info.outOffset[j]] = (signed char) ((in[info.inOffset[j]] >> 24) & 0x000000ff);
++        }
++        in += info.inJump;
++        out += info.outJump;
++      }
++    }
++    else if (info.inFormat == RTAUDIO_FLOAT32) {
++      Float32 *in = (Float32 *)inBuffer;
++      for (unsigned int i=0; i<stream_.bufferSize; i++) {
++        for (j=0; j<info.channels; j++) {
++          out[info.outOffset[j]] = (signed char) (in[info.inOffset[j]] * 127.5 - 0.5);
++        }
++        in += info.inJump;
++        out += info.outJump;
++      }
++    }
++    else if (info.inFormat == RTAUDIO_FLOAT64) {
++      Float64 *in = (Float64 *)inBuffer;
++      for (unsigned int i=0; i<stream_.bufferSize; i++) {
++        for (j=0; j<info.channels; j++) {
++          out[info.outOffset[j]] = (signed char) (in[info.inOffset[j]] * 127.5 - 0.5);
++        }
++        in += info.inJump;
++        out += info.outJump;
++      }
++    }
++  }
++}
 +
-+// Authored by Marcus Tomlinson <themarcustomlinson at gmail.com>, April 2014
-+// - Introduces support for the Windows WASAPI API
-+// - Aims to deliver bit streams to and from hardware at the lowest possible latency, via the absolute minimum buffer sizes required
-+// - Provides flexible stream configuration to an otherwise strict and inflexible WASAPI interface
-+// - Includes automatic internal conversion of sample rate and buffer size between hardware and the user
-+
-+#ifndef INITGUID
-+#define INITGUID
-+#endif
-+#include <audioclient.h>
-+#include <avrt.h>
-+#include <mmdeviceapi.h>
-+#include <functiondiscoverykeys_devpkey.h>
-+
-+//=============================================================================
-+
-+#define SAFE_RELEASE( objectPtr )\
-+if ( objectPtr )\
-+{\
-+objectPtr->Release();\
-+objectPtr = NULL;\
-+}
-+
-+typedef HANDLE ( __stdcall *TAvSetMmThreadCharacteristicsPtr )( LPCWSTR TaskName, LPDWORD TaskIndex );
-+
-+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-+
-+// WASAPI dictates stream sample rate, format, channel count, and in some cases, buffer size.
-+// Therefore we must perform all necessary conversions to user buffers in order to satisfy these
-+// requirements. WasapiBuffer ring buffers are used between HwIn->UserIn and UserOut->HwOut to
-+// provide intermediate storage for read / write synchronization.
-+class WasapiBuffer
-+{
-+public:
-+WasapiBuffer()
-+: buffer_( NULL ),
-+bufferSize_( 0 ),
-+inIndex_( 0 ),
-+outIndex_( 0 ) {}
-+
-+~WasapiBuffer() {
-+free( buffer_ );
-+}
-+
-+// sets the length of the internal ring buffer
-+void setBufferSize( unsigned int bufferSize, unsigned int formatBytes ) {
-+free( buffer_ );
-+
-+buffer_ = ( char* ) calloc( bufferSize, formatBytes );
-+
-+bufferSize_ = bufferSize;
-+inIndex_ = 0;
-+outIndex_ = 0;
-+}
-+
-+// attempt to push a buffer into the ring buffer at the current "in" index
-+bool pushBuffer( char* buffer, unsigned int bufferSize, RtAudioFormat format )
-+{
-+if ( !buffer ||                 // incoming buffer is NULL
-+bufferSize == 0 ||         // incoming buffer has no data
-+bufferSize > bufferSize_ ) // incoming buffer too large
-+{
-+return false;
-+}
-+
-+unsigned int relOutIndex = outIndex_;
-+unsigned int inIndexEnd = inIndex_ + bufferSize;
-+if ( relOutIndex < inIndex_ && inIndexEnd >= bufferSize_ ) {
-+relOutIndex += bufferSize_;
-+}
-+
-+// "in" index can end on the "out" index but cannot begin at it
-+if ( inIndex_ <= relOutIndex && inIndexEnd > relOutIndex ) {
-+return false; // not enough space between "in" index and "out" index
-+}
-+
-+// copy buffer from external to internal
-+int fromZeroSize = inIndex_ + bufferSize - bufferSize_;
-+fromZeroSize = fromZeroSize < 0 ? 0 : fromZeroSize;
-+int fromInSize = bufferSize - fromZeroSize;
-+
-+switch( format )
-+{
-+case RTAUDIO_SINT8:
-+memcpy( &( ( char* ) buffer_ )[inIndex_], buffer, fromInSize * sizeof( char ) );
-+memcpy( buffer_, &( ( char* ) buffer )[fromInSize], fromZeroSize * sizeof( char ) );
-+break;
-+case RTAUDIO_SINT16:
-+memcpy( &( ( short* ) buffer_ )[inIndex_], buffer, fromInSize * sizeof( short ) );
-+memcpy( buffer_, &( ( short* ) buffer )[fromInSize], fromZeroSize * sizeof( short ) );
-+break;
-+case RTAUDIO_SINT24:
-+memcpy( &( ( S24* ) buffer_ )[inIndex_], buffer, fromInSize * sizeof( S24 ) );
-+memcpy( buffer_, &( ( S24* ) buffer )[fromInSize], fromZeroSize * sizeof( S24 ) );
-+break;
-+case RTAUDIO_SINT32:
-+memcpy( &( ( int* ) buffer_ )[inIndex_], buffer, fromInSize * sizeof( int ) );
-+memcpy( buffer_, &( ( int* ) buffer )[fromInSize], fromZeroSize * sizeof( int ) );
-+break;
-+case RTAUDIO_FLOAT32:
-+memcpy( &( ( float* ) buffer_ )[inIndex_], buffer, fromInSize * sizeof( float ) );
-+memcpy( buffer_, &( ( float* ) buffer )[fromInSize], fromZeroSize * sizeof( float ) );
-+break;
-+case RTAUDIO_FLOAT64:
-+memcpy( &( ( double* ) buffer_ )[inIndex_], buffer, fromInSize * sizeof( double ) );
-+memcpy( buffer_, &( ( double* ) buffer )[fromInSize], fromZeroSize * sizeof( double ) );
-+break;
-+}
-+
-+// update "in" index
-+inIndex_ += bufferSize;
-+inIndex_ %= bufferSize_;
-+
-+return true;
-+}
-+
-+// attempt to pull a buffer from the ring buffer from the current "out" index
-+bool pullBuffer( char* buffer, unsigned int bufferSize, RtAudioFormat format )
-+{
-+if ( !buffer ||                 // incoming buffer is NULL
-+bufferSize == 0 ||         // incoming buffer has no data
-+bufferSize > bufferSize_ ) // incoming buffer too large
-+{
-+return false;
-+}
-+
-+unsigned int relInIndex = inIndex_;
-+unsigned int outIndexEnd = outIndex_ + bufferSize;
-+if ( relInIndex < outIndex_ && outIndexEnd >= bufferSize_ ) {
-+relInIndex += bufferSize_;
-+}
-+
-+// "out" index can begin at and end on the "in" index
-+if ( outIndex_ < relInIndex && outIndexEnd > relInIndex ) {
-+return false; // not enough space between "out" index and "in" index
-+}
-+
-+// copy buffer from internal to external
-+int fromZeroSize = outIndex_ + bufferSize - bufferSize_;
-+fromZeroSize = fromZeroSize < 0 ? 0 : fromZeroSize;
-+int fromOutSize = bufferSize - fromZeroSize;
-+
-+switch( format )
-+{
-+case RTAUDIO_SINT8:
-+memcpy( buffer, &( ( char* ) buffer_ )[outIndex_], fromOutSize * sizeof( char ) );
-+memcpy( &( ( char* ) buffer )[fromOutSize], buffer_, fromZeroSize * sizeof( char ) );
-+break;
-+case RTAUDIO_SINT16:
-+memcpy( buffer, &( ( short* ) buffer_ )[outIndex_], fromOutSize * sizeof( short ) );
-+memcpy( &( ( short* ) buffer )[fromOutSize], buffer_, fromZeroSize * sizeof( short ) );
-+break;
-+case RTAUDIO_SINT24:
-+memcpy( buffer, &( ( S24* ) buffer_ )[outIndex_], fromOutSize * sizeof( S24 ) );
-+memcpy( &( ( S24* ) buffer )[fromOutSize], buffer_, fromZeroSize * sizeof( S24 ) );
-+break;
-+case RTAUDIO_SINT32:
-+memcpy( buffer, &( ( int* ) buffer_ )[outIndex_], fromOutSize * sizeof( int ) );
-+memcpy( &( ( int* ) buffer )[fromOutSize], buffer_, fromZeroSize * sizeof( int ) );
-+break;
-+case RTAUDIO_FLOAT32:
-+memcpy( buffer, &( ( float* ) buffer_ )[outIndex_], fromOutSize * sizeof( float ) );
-+memcpy( &( ( float* ) buffer )[fromOutSize], buffer_, fromZeroSize * sizeof( float ) );
-+break;
-+case RTAUDIO_FLOAT64:
-+memcpy( buffer, &( ( double* ) buffer_ )[outIndex_], fromOutSize * sizeof( double ) );
-+memcpy( &( ( double* ) buffer )[fromOutSize], buffer_, fromZeroSize * sizeof( double ) );
-+break;
-+}
-+
-+// update "out" index
-+outIndex_ += bufferSize;
-+outIndex_ %= bufferSize_;
-+
-+return true;
-+}
-+
-+private:
-+char* buffer_;
-+unsigned int bufferSize_;
-+unsigned int inIndex_;
-+unsigned int outIndex_;
-+};
-+
-+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-+
-+// In order to satisfy WASAPI's buffer requirements, we need a means of converting sample rate
-+// between HW and the user. The convertBufferWasapi function is used to perform this conversion
-+// between HwIn->UserIn and UserOut->HwOut during the stream callback loop.
-+// This sample rate converter works best with conversions between one rate and its multiple.
-+void convertBufferWasapi( char* outBuffer,
-+const char* inBuffer,
-+const unsigned int& channelCount,
-+const unsigned int& inSampleRate,
-+const unsigned int& outSampleRate,
-+const unsigned int& inSampleCount,
-+unsigned int& outSampleCount,
-+const RtAudioFormat& format )
-+{
-+// calculate the new outSampleCount and relative sampleStep
-+float sampleRatio = ( float ) outSampleRate / inSampleRate;
-+float sampleRatioInv = ( float ) 1 / sampleRatio;
-+float sampleStep = 1.0f / sampleRatio;
-+float inSampleFraction = 0.0f;
-+
-+outSampleCount = ( unsigned int ) std::roundf( inSampleCount * sampleRatio );
-+
-+// if inSampleRate is a multiple of outSampleRate (or vice versa) there's no need to interpolate
-+if ( floor( sampleRatio ) == sampleRatio || floor( sampleRatioInv ) == sampleRatioInv )
-+{
-+// frame-by-frame, copy each relative input sample into it's corresponding output sample
-+for ( unsigned int outSample = 0; outSample < outSampleCount; outSample++ )
-+{
-+unsigned int inSample = ( unsigned int ) inSampleFraction;
-+
-+switch ( format )
-+{
-+case RTAUDIO_SINT8:
-+memcpy( &( ( char* ) outBuffer )[ outSample * channelCount ], &( ( char* ) inBuffer )[ inSample * channelCount ], channelCount * sizeof( char ) );
-+break;
-+case RTAUDIO_SINT16:
-+memcpy( &( ( short* ) outBuffer )[ outSample * channelCount ], &( ( short* ) inBuffer )[ inSample * channelCount ], channelCount * sizeof( short ) );
-+break;
-+case RTAUDIO_SINT24:
-+memcpy( &( ( S24* ) outBuffer )[ outSample * channelCount ], &( ( S24* ) inBuffer )[ inSample * channelCount ], channelCount * sizeof( S24 ) );
-+break;
-+case RTAUDIO_SINT32:
-+memcpy( &( ( int* ) outBuffer )[ outSample * channelCount ], &( ( int* ) inBuffer )[ inSample * channelCount ], channelCount * sizeof( int ) );
-+break;
-+case RTAUDIO_FLOAT32:
-+memcpy( &( ( float* ) outBuffer )[ outSample * channelCount ], &( ( float* ) inBuffer )[ inSample * channelCount ], channelCount * sizeof( float ) );
-+break;
-+case RTAUDIO_FLOAT64:
-+memcpy( &( ( double* ) outBuffer )[ outSample * channelCount ], &( ( double* ) inBuffer )[ inSample * channelCount ], channelCount * sizeof( double ) );
-+break;
-+}
-+
-+// jump to next in sample
-+inSampleFraction += sampleStep;
-+}
-+}
-+else // else interpolate
-+{
-+// frame-by-frame, copy each relative input sample into it's corresponding output sample
-+for ( unsigned int outSample = 0; outSample < outSampleCount; outSample++ )
-+{
-+unsigned int inSample = ( unsigned int ) inSampleFraction;
-+float inSampleDec = inSampleFraction - inSample;
-+unsigned int frameInSample = inSample * channelCount;
-+unsigned int frameOutSample = outSample * channelCount;
-+
-+switch ( format )
-+{
-+case RTAUDIO_SINT8:
-+{
-+for ( unsigned int channel = 0; channel < channelCount; channel++ )
-+{
-+char fromSample = ( ( char* ) inBuffer )[ frameInSample + channel ];
-+char toSample = ( ( char* ) inBuffer )[ frameInSample + channelCount + channel ];
-+char sampleDiff = ( char ) ( ( toSample - fromSample ) * inSampleDec );
-+( ( char* ) outBuffer )[ frameOutSample + channel ] = fromSample + sampleDiff;
-+}
-+break;
-+}
-+case RTAUDIO_SINT16:
-+{
-+for ( unsigned int channel = 0; channel < channelCount; channel++ )
-+{
-+short fromSample = ( ( short* ) inBuffer )[ frameInSample + channel ];
-+short toSample = ( ( short* ) inBuffer )[ frameInSample + channelCount + channel ];
-+short sampleDiff = ( short ) ( ( toSample - fromSample ) * inSampleDec );
-+( ( short* ) outBuffer )[ frameOutSample + channel ] = fromSample + sampleDiff;
-+}
-+break;
-+}
-+case RTAUDIO_SINT24:
-+{
-+for ( unsigned int channel = 0; channel < channelCount; channel++ )
-+{
-+int fromSample = ( ( S24* ) inBuffer )[ frameInSample + channel ].asInt();
-+int toSample = ( ( S24* ) inBuffer )[ frameInSample + channelCount + channel ].asInt();
-+int sampleDiff = ( int ) ( ( toSample - fromSample ) * inSampleDec );
-+( ( S24* ) outBuffer )[ frameOutSample + channel ] = fromSample + sampleDiff;
-+}
-+break;
-+}
-+case RTAUDIO_SINT32:
-+{
-+for ( unsigned int channel = 0; channel < channelCount; channel++ )
-+{
-+int fromSample = ( ( int* ) inBuffer )[ frameInSample + channel ];
-+int toSample = ( ( int* ) inBuffer )[ frameInSample + channelCount + channel ];
-+int sampleDiff = ( int ) ( ( toSample - fromSample ) * inSampleDec );
-+( ( int* ) outBuffer )[ frameOutSample + channel ] = fromSample + sampleDiff;
-+}
-+break;
-+}
-+case RTAUDIO_FLOAT32:
-+{
-+for ( unsigned int channel = 0; channel < channelCount; channel++ )
-+{
-+float fromSample = ( ( float* ) inBuffer )[ frameInSample + channel ];
-+float toSample = ( ( float* ) inBuffer )[ frameInSample + channelCount + channel ];
-+float sampleDiff = ( toSample - fromSample ) * inSampleDec;
-+( ( float* ) outBuffer )[ frameOutSample + channel ] = fromSample + sampleDiff;
-+}
-+break;
-+}
-+case RTAUDIO_FLOAT64:
-+{
-+for ( unsigned int channel = 0; channel < channelCount; channel++ )
-+{
-+double fromSample = ( ( double* ) inBuffer )[ frameInSample + channel ];
-+double toSample = ( ( double* ) inBuffer )[ frameInSample + channelCount + channel ];
-+double sampleDiff = ( toSample - fromSample ) * inSampleDec;
-+( ( double* ) outBuffer )[ frameOutSample + channel ] = fromSample + sampleDiff;
-+}
-+break;
-+}
-+}
-+
-+// jump to next in sample
-+inSampleFraction += sampleStep;
-+}
-+}
-+}
-+
-+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-+
-+// A structure to hold various information related to the WASAPI implementation.
-+struct WasapiHandle
-+{
-+IAudioClient* captureAudioClient;
-+IAudioClient* renderAudioClient;
-+IAudioCaptureClient* captureClient;
-+IAudioRenderClient* renderClient;
-+HANDLE captureEvent;
-+HANDLE renderEvent;
-+
-+WasapiHandle()
-+: captureAudioClient( NULL ),
-+renderAudioClient( NULL ),
-+captureClient( NULL ),
-+renderClient( NULL ),
-+captureEvent( NULL ),
-+renderEvent( NULL ) {}
-+};
-+
-+//=============================================================================
-+
-+RtApiWasapi::RtApiWasapi()
-+: coInitialized_( false ), deviceEnumerator_( NULL )
-+{
-+// WASAPI can run either apartment or multi-threaded
-+HRESULT hr = CoInitialize( NULL );
-+if ( !FAILED( hr ) )
-+coInitialized_ = true;
-+
-+// Instantiate device enumerator
-+hr = CoCreateInstance( __uuidof( MMDeviceEnumerator ), NULL,
-+CLSCTX_ALL, __uuidof( IMMDeviceEnumerator ),
-+( void** ) &deviceEnumerator_ );
-+
-+if ( FAILED( hr ) ) {
-+errorText_ = "RtApiWasapi::RtApiWasapi: Unable to instantiate device enumerator";
-+error( RtAudioError::DRIVER_ERROR );
-+}
-+}
-+
-+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-+
-+RtApiWasapi::~RtApiWasapi()
-+{
-+if ( stream_.state != STREAM_CLOSED )
-+closeStream();
-+
-+SAFE_RELEASE( deviceEnumerator_ );
-+
-+// If this object previously called CoInitialize()
-+if ( coInitialized_ )
-+CoUninitialize();
-+}
-+
-+//=============================================================================
-+
-+unsigned int RtApiWasapi::getDeviceCount( void )
-+{
-+unsigned int captureDeviceCount = 0;
-+unsigned int renderDeviceCount = 0;
-+
-+IMMDeviceCollection* captureDevices = NULL;
-+IMMDeviceCollection* renderDevices = NULL;
-+
-+// Count capture devices
-+errorText_.clear();
-+HRESULT hr = deviceEnumerator_->EnumAudioEndpoints( eCapture, DEVICE_STATE_ACTIVE, &captureDevices );
-+if ( FAILED( hr ) ) {
-+errorText_ = "RtApiWasapi::getDeviceCount: Unable to retrieve capture device collection.";
-+goto Exit;
-+}
-+
-+hr = captureDevices->GetCount( &captureDeviceCount );
-+if ( FAILED( hr ) ) {
-+errorText_ = "RtApiWasapi::getDeviceCount: Unable to retrieve capture device count.";
-+goto Exit;
-+}
-+
-+// Count render devices
-+hr = deviceEnumerator_->EnumAudioEndpoints( eRender, DEVICE_STATE_ACTIVE, &renderDevices );
-+if ( FAILED( hr ) ) {
-+errorText_ = "RtApiWasapi::getDeviceCount: Unable to retrieve render device collection.";
-+goto Exit;
-+}
-+
-+hr = renderDevices->GetCount( &renderDeviceCount );
-+if ( FAILED( hr ) ) {
-+errorText_ = "RtApiWasapi::getDeviceCount: Unable to retrieve render device count.";
-+goto Exit;
-+}
-+
-+Exit:
-+// release all references
-+SAFE_RELEASE( captureDevices );
-+SAFE_RELEASE( renderDevices );
-+
-+if ( errorText_.empty() )
-+return captureDeviceCount + renderDeviceCount;
-+
-+error( RtAudioError::DRIVER_ERROR );
-+return 0;
-+}
-+
-+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-+
-+RtAudio::DeviceInfo RtApiWasapi::getDeviceInfo( unsigned int device )
-+{
-+RtAudio::DeviceInfo info;
-+unsigned int captureDeviceCount = 0;
-+unsigned int renderDeviceCount = 0;
-+std::string defaultDeviceName;
-+bool isCaptureDevice = false;
-+
-+PROPVARIANT deviceNameProp;
-+PROPVARIANT defaultDeviceNameProp;
-+
-+IMMDeviceCollection* captureDevices = NULL;
-+IMMDeviceCollection* renderDevices = NULL;
-+IMMDevice* devicePtr = NULL;
-+IMMDevice* defaultDevicePtr = NULL;
-+IAudioClient* audioClient = NULL;
-+IPropertyStore* devicePropStore = NULL;
-+IPropertyStore* defaultDevicePropStore = NULL;
-+
-+WAVEFORMATEX* deviceFormat = NULL;
-+WAVEFORMATEX* closestMatchFormat = NULL;
-+
-+// probed
-+info.probed = false;
-+
-+// Count capture devices
-+errorText_.clear();
-+RtAudioError::Type errorType = RtAudioError::DRIVER_ERROR;
-+HRESULT hr = deviceEnumerator_->EnumAudioEndpoints( eCapture, DEVICE_STATE_ACTIVE, &captureDevices );
-+if ( FAILED( hr ) ) {
-+errorText_ = "RtApiWasapi::getDeviceInfo: Unable to retrieve capture device collection.";
-+goto Exit;
-+}
-+
-+hr = captureDevices->GetCount( &captureDeviceCount );
-+if ( FAILED( hr ) ) {
-+errorText_ = "RtApiWasapi::getDeviceInfo: Unable to retrieve capture device count.";
-+goto Exit;
-+}
-+
-+// Count render devices
-+hr = deviceEnumerator_->EnumAudioEndpoints( eRender, DEVICE_STATE_ACTIVE, &renderDevices );
-+if ( FAILED( hr ) ) {
-+errorText_ = "RtApiWasapi::getDeviceInfo: Unable to retrieve render device collection.";
-+goto Exit;
-+}
-+
-+hr = renderDevices->GetCount( &renderDeviceCount );
-+if ( FAILED( hr ) ) {
-+errorText_ = "RtApiWasapi::getDeviceInfo: Unable to retrieve render device count.";
-+goto Exit;
-+}
-+
-+// validate device index
-+if ( device >= captureDeviceCount + renderDeviceCount ) {
-+errorText_ = "RtApiWasapi::getDeviceInfo: Invalid device index.";
-+errorType = RtAudioError::INVALID_USE;
-+goto Exit;
-+}
-+
-+// determine whether index falls within capture or render devices
-+if ( device >= renderDeviceCount ) {
-+hr = captureDevices->Item( device - renderDeviceCount, &devicePtr );
-+if ( FAILED( hr ) ) {
-+errorText_ = "RtApiWasapi::getDeviceInfo: Unable to retrieve capture device handle.";
-+goto Exit;
-+}
-+isCaptureDevice = true;
-+}
-+else {
-+hr = renderDevices->Item( device, &devicePtr );
-+if ( FAILED( hr ) ) {
-+errorText_ = "RtApiWasapi::getDeviceInfo: Unable to retrieve render device handle.";
-+goto Exit;
-+}
-+isCaptureDevice = false;
-+}
-+
-+// get default device name
-+if ( isCaptureDevice ) {
-+hr = deviceEnumerator_->GetDefaultAudioEndpoint( eCapture, eConsole, &defaultDevicePtr );
-+if ( FAILED( hr ) ) {
-+errorText_ = "RtApiWasapi::getDeviceInfo: Unable to retrieve default capture device handle.";
-+goto Exit;
-+}
-+}
-+else {
-+hr = deviceEnumerator_->GetDefaultAudioEndpoint( eRender, eConsole, &defaultDevicePtr );
-+if ( FAILED( hr ) ) {
-+errorText_ = "RtApiWasapi::getDeviceInfo: Unable to retrieve default render device handle.";
-+goto Exit;
-+}
-+}
-+
-+hr = defaultDevicePtr->OpenPropertyStore( STGM_READ, &defaultDevicePropStore );
-+if ( FAILED( hr ) ) {
-+errorText_ = "RtApiWasapi::getDeviceInfo: Unable to open default device property store.";
-+goto Exit;
-+}
-+PropVariantInit( &defaultDeviceNameProp );
-+
-+hr = defaultDevicePropStore->GetValue( PKEY_Device_FriendlyName, &defaultDeviceNameProp );
-+if ( FAILED( hr ) ) {
-+errorText_ = "RtApiWasapi::getDeviceInfo: Unable to retrieve default device property: PKEY_Device_FriendlyName.";
-+goto Exit;
-+}
-+
-+defaultDeviceName = convertCharPointerToStdString(defaultDeviceNameProp.pwszVal);
-+
-+// name
-+hr = devicePtr->OpenPropertyStore( STGM_READ, &devicePropStore );
-+if ( FAILED( hr ) ) {
-+errorText_ = "RtApiWasapi::getDeviceInfo: Unable to open device property store.";
-+goto Exit;
-+}
-+
-+PropVariantInit( &deviceNameProp );
-+
-+hr = devicePropStore->GetValue( PKEY_Device_FriendlyName, &deviceNameProp );
-+if ( FAILED( hr ) ) {
-+errorText_ = "RtApiWasapi::getDeviceInfo: Unable to retrieve device property: PKEY_Device_FriendlyName.";
-+goto Exit;
-+}
-+
-+info.name =convertCharPointerToStdString(deviceNameProp.pwszVal);
-+
-+// is default
-+if ( isCaptureDevice ) {
-+info.isDefaultInput = info.name == defaultDeviceName;
-+info.isDefaultOutput = false;
-+}
-+else {
-+info.isDefaultInput = false;
-+info.isDefaultOutput = info.name == defaultDeviceName;
-+}
-+
-+// channel count
-+hr = devicePtr->Activate( __uuidof( IAudioClient ), CLSCTX_ALL, NULL, ( void** ) &audioClient );
-+if ( FAILED( hr ) ) {
-+errorText_ = "RtApiWasapi::getDeviceInfo: Unable to retrieve device audio client.";
-+goto Exit;
-+}
-+
-+hr = audioClient->GetMixFormat( &deviceFormat );
-+if ( FAILED( hr ) ) {
-+errorText_ = "RtApiWasapi::getDeviceInfo: Unable to retrieve device mix format.";
-+goto Exit;
-+}
-+
-+if ( isCaptureDevice ) {
-+info.inputChannels = deviceFormat->nChannels;
-+info.outputChannels = 0;
-+info.duplexChannels = 0;
-+}
-+else {
-+info.inputChannels = 0;
-+info.outputChannels = deviceFormat->nChannels;
-+info.duplexChannels = 0;
-+}
-+
-+// sample rates
-+info.sampleRates.clear();
-+
-+// allow support for all sample rates as we have a built-in sample rate converter
-+for ( unsigned int i = 0; i < MAX_SAMPLE_RATES; i++ ) {
-+info.sampleRates.push_back( SAMPLE_RATES[i] );
-+}
-+info.preferredSampleRate = deviceFormat->nSamplesPerSec;
-+
-+// native format
-+info.nativeFormats = 0;
-+
-+if ( deviceFormat->wFormatTag == WAVE_FORMAT_IEEE_FLOAT ||
-+( deviceFormat->wFormatTag == WAVE_FORMAT_EXTENSIBLE &&
-+( ( WAVEFORMATEXTENSIBLE* ) deviceFormat )->SubFormat == KSDATAFORMAT_SUBTYPE_IEEE_FLOAT ) )
-+{
-+if ( deviceFormat->wBitsPerSample == 32 ) {
-+info.nativeFormats |= RTAUDIO_FLOAT32;
-+}
-+else if ( deviceFormat->wBitsPerSample == 64 ) {
-+info.nativeFormats |= RTAUDIO_FLOAT64;
-+}
-+}
-+else if ( deviceFormat->wFormatTag == WAVE_FORMAT_PCM ||
-+( deviceFormat->wFormatTag == WAVE_FORMAT_EXTENSIBLE &&
-+( ( WAVEFORMATEXTENSIBLE* ) deviceFormat )->SubFormat == KSDATAFORMAT_SUBTYPE_PCM ) )
-+{
-+if ( deviceFormat->wBitsPerSample == 8 ) {
-+info.nativeFormats |= RTAUDIO_SINT8;
-+}
-+else if ( deviceFormat->wBitsPerSample == 16 ) {
-+info.nativeFormats |= RTAUDIO_SINT16;
-+}
-+else if ( deviceFormat->wBitsPerSample == 24 ) {
-+info.nativeFormats |= RTAUDIO_SINT24;
-+}
-+else if ( deviceFormat->wBitsPerSample == 32 ) {
-+info.nativeFormats |= RTAUDIO_SINT32;
-+}
-+}
-+
-+// probed
-+info.probed = true;
-+
-+Exit:
-+// release all references
-+PropVariantClear( &deviceNameProp );
-+PropVariantClear( &defaultDeviceNameProp );
-+
-+SAFE_RELEASE( captureDevices );
-+SAFE_RELEASE( renderDevices );
-+SAFE_RELEASE( devicePtr );
-+SAFE_RELEASE( defaultDevicePtr );
-+SAFE_RELEASE( audioClient );
-+SAFE_RELEASE( devicePropStore );
-+SAFE_RELEASE( defaultDevicePropStore );
-+
-+CoTaskMemFree( deviceFormat );
-+CoTaskMemFree( closestMatchFormat );
-+
-+if ( !errorText_.empty() )
-+error( errorType );
-+return info;
-+}
-+
-+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-+
-+unsigned int RtApiWasapi::getDefaultOutputDevice( void )
-+{
-+for ( unsigned int i = 0; i < getDeviceCount(); i++ ) {
-+if ( getDeviceInfo( i ).isDefaultOutput ) {
-+return i;
-+}
-+}
-+
-+return 0;
-+}
-+
-+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-+
-+unsigned int RtApiWasapi::getDefaultInputDevice( void )
-+{
-+for ( unsigned int i = 0; i < getDeviceCount(); i++ ) {
-+if ( getDeviceInfo( i ).isDefaultInput ) {
-+return i;
-+}
-+}
-+
-+return 0;
-+}
-+
-+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-+
-+void RtApiWasapi::closeStream( void )
-+{
-+if ( stream_.state == STREAM_CLOSED ) {
-+errorText_ = "RtApiWasapi::closeStream: No open stream to close.";
-+error( RtAudioError::WARNING );
-+return;
-+}
-+
-+if ( stream_.state != STREAM_STOPPED )
-+stopStream();
-+
-+// clean up stream memory
-+SAFE_RELEASE( ( ( WasapiHandle* ) stream_.apiHandle )->captureAudioClient )
-+SAFE_RELEASE( ( ( WasapiHandle* ) stream_.apiHandle )->renderAudioClient )
-+
-+SAFE_RELEASE( ( ( WasapiHandle* ) stream_.apiHandle )->captureClient )
-+SAFE_RELEASE( ( ( WasapiHandle* ) stream_.apiHandle )->renderClient )
-+
-+if ( ( ( WasapiHandle* ) stream_.apiHandle )->captureEvent )
-+CloseHandle( ( ( WasapiHandle* ) stream_.apiHandle )->captureEvent );
-+
-+if ( ( ( WasapiHandle* ) stream_.apiHandle )->renderEvent )
-+CloseHandle( ( ( WasapiHandle* ) stream_.apiHandle )->renderEvent );
-+
-+delete ( WasapiHandle* ) stream_.apiHandle;
-+stream_.apiHandle = NULL;
-+
-+for ( int i = 0; i < 2; i++ ) {
-+if ( stream_.userBuffer[i] ) {
-+free( stream_.userBuffer[i] );
-+stream_.userBuffer[i] = 0;
-+}
-+}
-+
-+if ( stream_.deviceBuffer ) {
-+free( stream_.deviceBuffer );
-+stream_.deviceBuffer = 0;
-+}
-+
-+// update stream state
-+stream_.state = STREAM_CLOSED;
-+}
-+
-+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-+
-+void RtApiWasapi::startStream( void )
-+{
-+verifyStream();
-+
-+if ( stream_.state == STREAM_RUNNING ) {
-+errorText_ = "RtApiWasapi::startStream: The stream is already running.";
-+error( RtAudioError::WARNING );
-+return;
-+}
-+
-+// update stream state
-+stream_.state = STREAM_RUNNING;
-+
-+// create WASAPI stream thread
-+stream_.callbackInfo.thread = ( ThreadHandle ) CreateThread( NULL, 0, runWasapiThread, this, CREATE_SUSPENDED, NULL );
-+
-+if ( !stream_.callbackInfo.thread ) {
-+errorText_ = "RtApiWasapi::startStream: Unable to instantiate callback thread.";
-+error( RtAudioError::THREAD_ERROR );
-+}
-+else {
-+SetThreadPriority( ( void* ) stream_.callbackInfo.thread, stream_.callbackInfo.priority );
-+ResumeThread( ( void* ) stream_.callbackInfo.thread );
-+}
-+}
-+
-+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-+
-+void RtApiWasapi::stopStream( void )
-+{
-+verifyStream();
-+
-+if ( stream_.state == STREAM_STOPPED ) {
-+errorText_ = "RtApiWasapi::stopStream: The stream is already stopped.";
-+error( RtAudioError::WARNING );
-+return;
-+}
-+
-+// inform stream thread by setting stream state to STREAM_STOPPING
-+stream_.state = STREAM_STOPPING;
-+
-+// wait until stream thread is stopped
-+while( stream_.state != STREAM_STOPPED ) {
-+Sleep( 1 );
-+}
-+
-+// Wait for the last buffer to play before stopping.
-+Sleep( 1000 * stream_.bufferSize / stream_.sampleRate );
-+
-+// stop capture client if applicable
-+if ( ( ( WasapiHandle* ) stream_.apiHandle )->captureAudioClient ) {
-+HRESULT hr = ( ( WasapiHandle* ) stream_.apiHandle )->captureAudioClient->Stop();
-+if ( FAILED( hr ) ) {
-+errorText_ = "RtApiWasapi::stopStream: Unable to stop capture stream.";
-+error( RtAudioError::DRIVER_ERROR );
-+return;
-+}
-+}
-+
-+// stop render client if applicable
-+if ( ( ( WasapiHandle* ) stream_.apiHandle )->renderAudioClient ) {
-+HRESULT hr = ( ( WasapiHandle* ) stream_.apiHandle )->renderAudioClient->Stop();
-+if ( FAILED( hr ) ) {
-+errorText_ = "RtApiWasapi::stopStream: Unable to stop render stream.";
-+error( RtAudioError::DRIVER_ERROR );
-+return;
-+}
-+}
-+
-+// close thread handle
-+if ( stream_.callbackInfo.thread && !CloseHandle( ( void* ) stream_.callbackInfo.thread ) ) {
-+errorText_ = "RtApiWasapi::stopStream: Unable to close callback thread.";
-+error( RtAudioError::THREAD_ERROR );
-+return;
-+}
-+
-+stream_.callbackInfo.thread = (ThreadHandle) NULL;
-+}
-+
-+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-+
-+void RtApiWasapi::abortStream( void )
-+{
-+verifyStream();
-+
-+if ( stream_.state == STREAM_STOPPED ) {
-+errorText_ = "RtApiWasapi::abortStream: The stream is already stopped.";
-+error( RtAudioError::WARNING );
-+return;
-+}
-+
-+// inform stream thread by setting stream state to STREAM_STOPPING
-+stream_.state = STREAM_STOPPING;
-+
-+// wait until stream thread is stopped
-+while ( stream_.state != STREAM_STOPPED ) {
-+Sleep( 1 );
-+}
-+
-+// stop capture client if applicable
-+if ( ( ( WasapiHandle* ) stream_.apiHandle )->captureAudioClient ) {
-+HRESULT hr = ( ( WasapiHandle* ) stream_.apiHandle )->captureAudioClient->Stop();
-+if ( FAILED( hr ) ) {
-+errorText_ = "RtApiWasapi::abortStream: Unable to stop capture stream.";
-+error( RtAudioError::DRIVER_ERROR );
-+return;
-+}
-+}
-+
-+// stop render client if applicable
-+if ( ( ( WasapiHandle* ) stream_.apiHandle )->renderAudioClient ) {
-+HRESULT hr = ( ( WasapiHandle* ) stream_.apiHandle )->renderAudioClient->Stop();
-+if ( FAILED( hr ) ) {
-+errorText_ = "RtApiWasapi::abortStream: Unable to stop render stream.";
-+error( RtAudioError::DRIVER_ERROR );
-+return;
-+}
-+}
-+
-+// close thread handle
-+if ( stream_.callbackInfo.thread && !CloseHandle( ( void* ) stream_.callbackInfo.thread ) ) {
-+errorText_ = "RtApiWasapi::abortStream: Unable to close callback thread.";
-+error( RtAudioError::THREAD_ERROR );
-+return;
-+}
-+
-+stream_.callbackInfo.thread = (ThreadHandle) NULL;
-+}
-+
-+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-+
-+bool RtApiWasapi::probeDeviceOpen( unsigned int device, StreamMode mode, unsigned int channels,
-+unsigned int firstChannel, unsigned int sampleRate,
-+RtAudioFormat format, unsigned int* bufferSize,
-+RtAudio::StreamOptions* options )
-+{
-+bool methodResult = FAILURE;
-+unsigned int captureDeviceCount = 0;
-+unsigned int renderDeviceCount = 0;
-+
-+IMMDeviceCollection* captureDevices = NULL;
-+IMMDeviceCollection* renderDevices = NULL;
-+IMMDevice* devicePtr = NULL;
-+WAVEFORMATEX* deviceFormat = NULL;
-+unsigned int bufferBytes;
-+stream_.state = STREAM_STOPPED;
-+
-+// create API Handle if not already created
-+if ( !stream_.apiHandle )
-+stream_.apiHandle = ( void* ) new WasapiHandle();
-+
-+// Count capture devices
-+errorText_.clear();
-+RtAudioError::Type errorType = RtAudioError::DRIVER_ERROR;
-+HRESULT hr = deviceEnumerator_->EnumAudioEndpoints( eCapture, DEVICE_STATE_ACTIVE, &captureDevices );
-+if ( FAILED( hr ) ) {
-+errorText_ = "RtApiWasapi::probeDeviceOpen: Unable to retrieve capture device collection.";
-+goto Exit;
-+}
-+
-+hr = captureDevices->GetCount( &captureDeviceCount );
-+if ( FAILED( hr ) ) {
-+errorText_ = "RtApiWasapi::probeDeviceOpen: Unable to retrieve capture device count.";
-+goto Exit;
-+}
-+
-+// Count render devices
-+hr = deviceEnumerator_->EnumAudioEndpoints( eRender, DEVICE_STATE_ACTIVE, &renderDevices );
-+if ( FAILED( hr ) ) {
-+errorText_ = "RtApiWasapi::probeDeviceOpen: Unable to retrieve render device collection.";
-+goto Exit;
-+}
-+
-+hr = renderDevices->GetCount( &renderDeviceCount );
-+if ( FAILED( hr ) ) {
-+errorText_ = "RtApiWasapi::probeDeviceOpen: Unable to retrieve render device count.";
-+goto Exit;
-+}
-+
-+// validate device index
-+if ( device >= captureDeviceCount + renderDeviceCount ) {
-+errorType = RtAudioError::INVALID_USE;
-+errorText_ = "RtApiWasapi::probeDeviceOpen: Invalid device index.";
-+goto Exit;
-+}
-+
-+// determine whether index falls within capture or render devices
-+if ( device >= renderDeviceCount ) {
-+if ( mode != INPUT ) {
-+errorType = RtAudioError::INVALID_USE;
-+errorText_ = "RtApiWasapi::probeDeviceOpen: Capture device selected as output device.";
-+goto Exit;
-+}
-+
-+// retrieve captureAudioClient from devicePtr
-+IAudioClient*& captureAudioClient = ( ( WasapiHandle* ) stream_.apiHandle )->captureAudioClient;
-+
-+hr = captureDevices->Item( device - renderDeviceCount, &devicePtr );
-+if ( FAILED( hr ) ) {
-+errorText_ = "RtApiWasapi::probeDeviceOpen: Unable to retrieve capture device handle.";
-+goto Exit;
-+}
-+
-+hr = devicePtr->Activate( __uuidof( IAudioClient ), CLSCTX_ALL,
-+NULL, ( void** ) &captureAudioClient );
-+if ( FAILED( hr ) ) {
-+errorText_ = "RtApiWasapi::probeDeviceOpen: Unable to retrieve device audio client.";
-+goto Exit;
-+}
-+
-+hr = captureAudioClient->GetMixFormat( &deviceFormat );
-+if ( FAILED( hr ) ) {
-+errorText_ = "RtApiWasapi::probeDeviceOpen: Unable to retrieve device mix format.";
-+goto Exit;
-+}
-+
-+stream_.nDeviceChannels[mode] = deviceFormat->nChannels;
-+captureAudioClient->GetStreamLatency( ( long long* ) &stream_.latency[mode] );
-+}
-+else {
-+if ( mode != OUTPUT ) {
-+errorType = RtAudioError::INVALID_USE;
-+errorText_ = "RtApiWasapi::probeDeviceOpen: Render device selected as input device.";
-+goto Exit;
-+}
-+
-+// retrieve renderAudioClient from devicePtr
-+IAudioClient*& renderAudioClient = ( ( WasapiHandle* ) stream_.apiHandle )->renderAudioClient;
-+
-+hr = renderDevices->Item( device, &devicePtr );
-+if ( FAILED( hr ) ) {
-+errorText_ = "RtApiWasapi::probeDeviceOpen: Unable to retrieve render device handle.";
-+goto Exit;
-+}
-+
-+hr = devicePtr->Activate( __uuidof( IAudioClient ), CLSCTX_ALL,
-+NULL, ( void** ) &renderAudioClient );
-+if ( FAILED( hr ) ) {
-+errorText_ = "RtApiWasapi::probeDeviceOpen: Unable to retrieve device audio client.";
-+goto Exit;
-+}
-+
-+hr = renderAudioClient->GetMixFormat( &deviceFormat );
-+if ( FAILED( hr ) ) {
-+errorText_ = "RtApiWasapi::probeDeviceOpen: Unable to retrieve device mix format.";
-+goto Exit;
-+}
-+
-+stream_.nDeviceChannels[mode] = deviceFormat->nChannels;
-+renderAudioClient->GetStreamLatency( ( long long* ) &stream_.latency[mode] );
-+}
-+
-+// fill stream data
-+if ( ( stream_.mode == OUTPUT && mode == INPUT ) ||
-+( stream_.mode == INPUT && mode == OUTPUT ) ) {
-+stream_.mode = DUPLEX;
-+}
-+else {
-+stream_.mode = mode;
-+}
-+
-+stream_.device[mode] = device;
-+stream_.doByteSwap[mode] = false;
-+stream_.sampleRate = sampleRate;
-+stream_.bufferSize = *bufferSize;
-+stream_.nBuffers = 1;
-+stream_.nUserChannels[mode] = channels;
-+stream_.channelOffset[mode] = firstChannel;
-+stream_.userFormat = format;
-+stream_.deviceFormat[mode] = getDeviceInfo( device ).nativeFormats;
-+
-+if ( options && options->flags & RTAUDIO_NONINTERLEAVED )
-+stream_.userInterleaved = false;
-+else
-+stream_.userInterleaved = true;
-+stream_.deviceInterleaved[mode] = true;
-+
-+// Set flags for buffer conversion.
-+stream_.doConvertBuffer[mode] = false;
-+if ( stream_.userFormat != stream_.deviceFormat[mode] ||
-+stream_.nUserChannels != stream_.nDeviceChannels )
-+stream_.doConvertBuffer[mode] = true;
-+else if ( stream_.userInterleaved != stream_.deviceInterleaved[mode] &&
-+stream_.nUserChannels[mode] > 1 )
-+stream_.doConvertBuffer[mode] = true;
-+
-+if ( stream_.doConvertBuffer[mode] )
-+setConvertInfo( mode, 0 );
-+
-+// Allocate necessary internal buffers
-+bufferBytes = stream_.nUserChannels[mode] * stream_.bufferSize * formatBytes( stream_.userFormat );
-+
-+stream_.userBuffer[mode] = ( char* ) calloc( bufferBytes, 1 );
-+if ( !stream_.userBuffer[mode] ) {
-+errorType = RtAudioError::MEMORY_ERROR;
-+errorText_ = "RtApiWasapi::probeDeviceOpen: Error allocating user buffer memory.";
-+goto Exit;
-+}
-+
-+if ( options && options->flags & RTAUDIO_SCHEDULE_REALTIME )
-+stream_.callbackInfo.priority = 15;
-+else
-+stream_.callbackInfo.priority = 0;
-+
-+///! TODO: RTAUDIO_MINIMIZE_LATENCY // Provide stream buffers directly to callback
-+///! TODO: RTAUDIO_HOG_DEVICE       // Exclusive mode
-+
-+methodResult = SUCCESS;
-+
-+Exit:
-+//clean up
-+SAFE_RELEASE( captureDevices );
-+SAFE_RELEASE( renderDevices );
-+SAFE_RELEASE( devicePtr );
-+CoTaskMemFree( deviceFormat );
-+
-+// if method failed, close the stream
-+if ( methodResult == FAILURE )
-+closeStream();
-+
-+if ( !errorText_.empty() )
-+error( errorType );
-+return methodResult;
-+}
-+
-+//=============================================================================
-+
-+DWORD WINAPI RtApiWasapi::runWasapiThread( void* wasapiPtr )
-+{
-+if ( wasapiPtr )
-+( ( RtApiWasapi* ) wasapiPtr )->wasapiThread();
-+
-+return 0;
-+}
-+
-+DWORD WINAPI RtApiWasapi::stopWasapiThread( void* wasapiPtr )
-+{
-+if ( wasapiPtr )
-+( ( RtApiWasapi* ) wasapiPtr )->stopStream();
-+
-+return 0;
-+}
-+
-+DWORD WINAPI RtApiWasapi::abortWasapiThread( void* wasapiPtr )
-+{
-+if ( wasapiPtr )
-+( ( RtApiWasapi* ) wasapiPtr )->abortStream();
-+
-+return 0;
-+}
-+
-+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-+
-+void RtApiWasapi::wasapiThread()
-+{
-+// as this is a new thread, we must CoInitialize it
-+CoInitialize( NULL );
-+
-+HRESULT hr;
-+
-+IAudioClient* captureAudioClient = ( ( WasapiHandle* ) stream_.apiHandle )->captureAudioClient;
-+IAudioClient* renderAudioClient = ( ( WasapiHandle* ) stream_.apiHandle )->renderAudioClient;
-+IAudioCaptureClient* captureClient = ( ( WasapiHandle* ) stream_.apiHandle )->captureClient;
-+IAudioRenderClient* renderClient = ( ( WasapiHandle* ) stream_.apiHandle )->renderClient;
-+HANDLE captureEvent = ( ( WasapiHandle* ) stream_.apiHandle )->captureEvent;
-+HANDLE renderEvent = ( ( WasapiHandle* ) stream_.apiHandle )->renderEvent;
-+
-+WAVEFORMATEX* captureFormat = NULL;
-+WAVEFORMATEX* renderFormat = NULL;
-+float captureSrRatio = 0.0f;
-+float renderSrRatio = 0.0f;
-+WasapiBuffer captureBuffer;
-+WasapiBuffer renderBuffer;
-+
-+// declare local stream variables
-+RtAudioCallback callback = ( RtAudioCallback ) stream_.callbackInfo.callback;
-+BYTE* streamBuffer = NULL;
-+unsigned long captureFlags = 0;
-+unsigned int bufferFrameCount = 0;
-+unsigned int numFramesPadding = 0;
-+unsigned int convBufferSize = 0;
-+bool callbackPushed = false;
-+bool callbackPulled = false;
-+bool callbackStopped = false;
-+int callbackResult = 0;
-+
-+// convBuffer is used to store converted buffers between WASAPI and the user
-+char* convBuffer = NULL;
-+unsigned int convBuffSize = 0;
-+unsigned int deviceBuffSize = 0;
-+
-+errorText_.clear();
-+RtAudioError::Type errorType = RtAudioError::DRIVER_ERROR;
-+
-+// Attempt to assign "Pro Audio" characteristic to thread
-+HMODULE AvrtDll = LoadLibrary( (LPCTSTR) "AVRT.dll" );
-+if ( AvrtDll ) {
-+DWORD taskIndex = 0;
-+TAvSetMmThreadCharacteristicsPtr AvSetMmThreadCharacteristicsPtr = ( TAvSetMmThreadCharacteristicsPtr ) GetProcAddress( AvrtDll, "AvSetMmThreadCharacteristicsW" );
-+AvSetMmThreadCharacteristicsPtr( L"Pro Audio", &taskIndex );
-+FreeLibrary( AvrtDll );
-+}
-+
-+// start capture stream if applicable
-+if ( captureAudioClient ) {
-+hr = captureAudioClient->GetMixFormat( &captureFormat );
-+if ( FAILED( hr ) ) {
-+errorText_ = "RtApiWasapi::wasapiThread: Unable to retrieve device mix format.";
-+goto Exit;
-+}
-+
-+captureSrRatio = ( ( float ) captureFormat->nSamplesPerSec / stream_.sampleRate );
-+
-+// initialize capture stream according to desire buffer size
-+float desiredBufferSize = stream_.bufferSize * captureSrRatio;
-+REFERENCE_TIME desiredBufferPeriod = ( REFERENCE_TIME ) ( ( float ) desiredBufferSize * 10000000 / captureFormat->nSamplesPerSec );
-+
-+if ( !captureClient ) {
-+hr = captureAudioClient->Initialize( AUDCLNT_SHAREMODE_SHARED,
-+AUDCLNT_STREAMFLAGS_EVENTCALLBACK,
-+desiredBufferPeriod,
-+desiredBufferPeriod,
-+captureFormat,
-+NULL );
-+if ( FAILED( hr ) ) {
-+errorText_ = "RtApiWasapi::wasapiThread: Unable to initialize capture audio client.";
-+goto Exit;
-+}
-+
-+hr = captureAudioClient->GetService( __uuidof( IAudioCaptureClient ),
-+( void** ) &captureClient );
-+if ( FAILED( hr ) ) {
-+errorText_ = "RtApiWasapi::wasapiThread: Unable to retrieve capture client handle.";
-+goto Exit;
-+}
-+
-+// configure captureEvent to trigger on every available capture buffer
-+captureEvent = CreateEvent( NULL, FALSE, FALSE, NULL );
-+if ( !captureEvent ) {
-+errorType = RtAudioError::SYSTEM_ERROR;
-+errorText_ = "RtApiWasapi::wasapiThread: Unable to create capture event.";
-+goto Exit;
-+}
-+
-+hr = captureAudioClient->SetEventHandle( captureEvent );
-+if ( FAILED( hr ) ) {
-+errorText_ = "RtApiWasapi::wasapiThread: Unable to set capture event handle.";
-+goto Exit;
-+}
-+
-+( ( WasapiHandle* ) stream_.apiHandle )->captureClient = captureClient;
-+( ( WasapiHandle* ) stream_.apiHandle )->captureEvent = captureEvent;
-+}
-+
-+unsigned int inBufferSize = 0;
-+hr = captureAudioClient->GetBufferSize( &inBufferSize );
-+if ( FAILED( hr ) ) {
-+errorText_ = "RtApiWasapi::wasapiThread: Unable to get capture buffer size.";
-+goto Exit;
-+}
-+
-+// scale outBufferSize according to stream->user sample rate ratio
-+unsigned int outBufferSize = ( unsigned int ) ( stream_.bufferSize * captureSrRatio ) * stream_.nDeviceChannels[INPUT];
-+inBufferSize *= stream_.nDeviceChannels[INPUT];
-+
-+// set captureBuffer size
-+captureBuffer.setBufferSize( inBufferSize + outBufferSize, formatBytes( stream_.deviceFormat[INPUT] ) );
-+
-+// reset the capture stream
-+hr = captureAudioClient->Reset();
-+if ( FAILED( hr ) ) {
-+errorText_ = "RtApiWasapi::wasapiThread: Unable to reset capture stream.";
-+goto Exit;
-+}
-+
-+// start the capture stream
-+hr = captureAudioClient->Start();
-+if ( FAILED( hr ) ) {
-+errorText_ = "RtApiWasapi::wasapiThread: Unable to start capture stream.";
-+goto Exit;
-+}
-+}
-+
-+// start render stream if applicable
-+if ( renderAudioClient ) {
-+hr = renderAudioClient->GetMixFormat( &renderFormat );
-+if ( FAILED( hr ) ) {
-+errorText_ = "RtApiWasapi::wasapiThread: Unable to retrieve device mix format.";
-+goto Exit;
-+}
-+
-+renderSrRatio = ( ( float ) renderFormat->nSamplesPerSec / stream_.sampleRate );
-+
-+// initialize render stream according to desire buffer size
-+float desiredBufferSize = stream_.bufferSize * renderSrRatio;
-+REFERENCE_TIME desiredBufferPeriod = ( REFERENCE_TIME ) ( ( float ) desiredBufferSize * 10000000 / renderFormat->nSamplesPerSec );
-+
-+if ( !renderClient ) {
-+hr = renderAudioClient->Initialize( AUDCLNT_SHAREMODE_SHARED,
-+AUDCLNT_STREAMFLAGS_EVENTCALLBACK,
-+desiredBufferPeriod,
-+desiredBufferPeriod,
-+renderFormat,
-+NULL );
-+if ( FAILED( hr ) ) {
-+errorText_ = "RtApiWasapi::wasapiThread: Unable to initialize render audio client.";
-+goto Exit;
-+}
-+
-+hr = renderAudioClient->GetService( __uuidof( IAudioRenderClient ),
-+( void** ) &renderClient );
-+if ( FAILED( hr ) ) {
-+errorText_ = "RtApiWasapi::wasapiThread: Unable to retrieve render client handle.";
-+goto Exit;
-+}
-+
-+// configure renderEvent to trigger on every available render buffer
-+renderEvent = CreateEvent( NULL, FALSE, FALSE, NULL );
-+if ( !renderEvent ) {
-+errorType = RtAudioError::SYSTEM_ERROR;
-+errorText_ = "RtApiWasapi::wasapiThread: Unable to create render event.";
-+goto Exit;
-+}
-+
-+hr = renderAudioClient->SetEventHandle( renderEvent );
-+if ( FAILED( hr ) ) {
-+errorText_ = "RtApiWasapi::wasapiThread: Unable to set render event handle.";
-+goto Exit;
-+}
-+
-+( ( WasapiHandle* ) stream_.apiHandle )->renderClient = renderClient;
-+( ( WasapiHandle* ) stream_.apiHandle )->renderEvent = renderEvent;
-+}
-+
-+unsigned int outBufferSize = 0;
-+hr = renderAudioClient->GetBufferSize( &outBufferSize );
-+if ( FAILED( hr ) ) {
-+errorText_ = "RtApiWasapi::wasapiThread: Unable to get render buffer size.";
-+goto Exit;
-+}
-+
-+// scale inBufferSize according to user->stream sample rate ratio
-+unsigned int inBufferSize = ( unsigned int ) ( stream_.bufferSize * renderSrRatio ) * stream_.nDeviceChannels[OUTPUT];
-+outBufferSize *= stream_.nDeviceChannels[OUTPUT];
-+
-+// set renderBuffer size
-+renderBuffer.setBufferSize( inBufferSize + outBufferSize, formatBytes( stream_.deviceFormat[OUTPUT] ) );
-+
-+// reset the render stream
-+hr = renderAudioClient->Reset();
-+if ( FAILED( hr ) ) {
-+errorText_ = "RtApiWasapi::wasapiThread: Unable to reset render stream.";
-+goto Exit;
-+}
-+
-+// start the render stream
-+hr = renderAudioClient->Start();
-+if ( FAILED( hr ) ) {
-+errorText_ = "RtApiWasapi::wasapiThread: Unable to start render stream.";
-+goto Exit;
-+}
-+}
-+
-+if ( stream_.mode == INPUT ) {
-+convBuffSize = ( size_t ) ( stream_.bufferSize * captureSrRatio ) * stream_.nDeviceChannels[INPUT] * formatBytes( stream_.deviceFormat[INPUT] );
-+deviceBuffSize = stream_.bufferSize * stream_.nDeviceChannels[INPUT] * formatBytes( stream_.deviceFormat[INPUT] );
-+}
-+else if ( stream_.mode == OUTPUT ) {
-+convBuffSize = ( size_t ) ( stream_.bufferSize * renderSrRatio ) * stream_.nDeviceChannels[OUTPUT] * formatBytes( stream_.deviceFormat[OUTPUT] );
-+deviceBuffSize = stream_.bufferSize * stream_.nDeviceChannels[OUTPUT] * formatBytes( stream_.deviceFormat[OUTPUT] );
-+}
-+else if ( stream_.mode == DUPLEX ) {
-+convBuffSize = std::max( ( size_t ) ( stream_.bufferSize * captureSrRatio ) * stream_.nDeviceChannels[INPUT] * formatBytes( stream_.deviceFormat[INPUT] ),
-+( size_t ) ( stream_.bufferSize * renderSrRatio ) * stream_.nDeviceChannels[OUTPUT] * formatBytes( stream_.deviceFormat[OUTPUT] ) );
-+deviceBuffSize = std::max( stream_.bufferSize * stream_.nDeviceChannels[INPUT] * formatBytes( stream_.deviceFormat[INPUT] ),
-+stream_.bufferSize * stream_.nDeviceChannels[OUTPUT] * formatBytes( stream_.deviceFormat[OUTPUT] ) );
-+}
-+
-+convBuffer = ( char* ) malloc( convBuffSize );
-+stream_.deviceBuffer = ( char* ) malloc( deviceBuffSize );
-+if ( !convBuffer || !stream_.deviceBuffer ) {
-+errorType = RtAudioError::MEMORY_ERROR;
-+errorText_ = "RtApiWasapi::wasapiThread: Error allocating device buffer memory.";
-+goto Exit;
-+}
-+
-+// stream process loop
-+while ( stream_.state != STREAM_STOPPING ) {
-+if ( !callbackPulled ) {
-+// Callback Input
-+// ==============
-+// 1. Pull callback buffer from inputBuffer
-+// 2. If 1. was successful: Convert callback buffer to user sample rate and channel count
-+//                          Convert callback buffer to user format
-+
-+if ( captureAudioClient ) {
-+// Pull callback buffer from inputBuffer
-+callbackPulled = captureBuffer.pullBuffer( convBuffer,
-+( unsigned int ) ( stream_.bufferSize * captureSrRatio ) * stream_.nDeviceChannels[INPUT],
-+stream_.deviceFormat[INPUT] );
-+
-+if ( callbackPulled ) {
-+// Convert callback buffer to user sample rate
-+convertBufferWasapi( stream_.deviceBuffer,
-+convBuffer,
-+stream_.nDeviceChannels[INPUT],
-+captureFormat->nSamplesPerSec,
-+stream_.sampleRate,
-+( unsigned int ) ( stream_.bufferSize * captureSrRatio ),
-+convBufferSize,
-+stream_.deviceFormat[INPUT] );
-+
-+if ( stream_.doConvertBuffer[INPUT] ) {
-+// Convert callback buffer to user format
-+convertBuffer( stream_.userBuffer[INPUT],
-+stream_.deviceBuffer,
-+stream_.convertInfo[INPUT] );
-+}
-+else {
-+// no further conversion, simple copy deviceBuffer to userBuffer
-+memcpy( stream_.userBuffer[INPUT],
-+stream_.deviceBuffer,
-+stream_.bufferSize * stream_.nUserChannels[INPUT] * formatBytes( stream_.userFormat ) );
-+}
-+}
-+}
-+else {
-+// if there is no capture stream, set callbackPulled flag
-+callbackPulled = true;
-+}
-+
-+// Execute Callback
-+// ================
-+// 1. Execute user callback method
-+// 2. Handle return value from callback
-+
-+// if callback has not requested the stream to stop
-+if ( callbackPulled && !callbackStopped ) {
-+// Execute user callback method
-+callbackResult = callback( stream_.userBuffer[OUTPUT],
-+stream_.userBuffer[INPUT],
-+stream_.bufferSize,
-+getStreamTime(),
-+captureFlags & AUDCLNT_BUFFERFLAGS_DATA_DISCONTINUITY ? RTAUDIO_INPUT_OVERFLOW : 0,
-+stream_.callbackInfo.userData );
-+
-+// Handle return value from callback
-+if ( callbackResult == 1 ) {
-+// instantiate a thread to stop this thread
-+HANDLE threadHandle = CreateThread( NULL, 0, stopWasapiThread, this, 0, NULL );
-+if ( !threadHandle ) {
-+errorType = RtAudioError::THREAD_ERROR;
-+errorText_ = "RtApiWasapi::wasapiThread: Unable to instantiate stream stop thread.";
-+goto Exit;
-+}
-+else if ( !CloseHandle( threadHandle ) ) {
-+errorType = RtAudioError::THREAD_ERROR;
-+errorText_ = "RtApiWasapi::wasapiThread: Unable to close stream stop thread handle.";
-+goto Exit;
-+}
-+
-+callbackStopped = true;
-+}
-+else if ( callbackResult == 2 ) {
-+// instantiate a thread to stop this thread
-+HANDLE threadHandle = CreateThread( NULL, 0, abortWasapiThread, this, 0, NULL );
-+if ( !threadHandle ) {
-+errorType = RtAudioError::THREAD_ERROR;
-+errorText_ = "RtApiWasapi::wasapiThread: Unable to instantiate stream abort thread.";
-+goto Exit;
-+}
-+else if ( !CloseHandle( threadHandle ) ) {
-+errorType = RtAudioError::THREAD_ERROR;
-+errorText_ = "RtApiWasapi::wasapiThread: Unable to close stream abort thread handle.";
-+goto Exit;
-+}
-+
-+callbackStopped = true;
-+}
-+}
-+}
-+
-+// Callback Output
-+// ===============
-+// 1. Convert callback buffer to stream format
-+// 2. Convert callback buffer to stream sample rate and channel count
-+// 3. Push callback buffer into outputBuffer
-+
-+if ( renderAudioClient && callbackPulled ) {
-+if ( stream_.doConvertBuffer[OUTPUT] ) {
-+// Convert callback buffer to stream format
-+convertBuffer( stream_.deviceBuffer,
-+stream_.userBuffer[OUTPUT],
-+stream_.convertInfo[OUTPUT] );
-+
-+}
-+
-+// Convert callback buffer to stream sample rate
-+convertBufferWasapi( convBuffer,
-+stream_.deviceBuffer,
-+stream_.nDeviceChannels[OUTPUT],
-+stream_.sampleRate,
-+renderFormat->nSamplesPerSec,
-+stream_.bufferSize,
-+convBufferSize,
-+stream_.deviceFormat[OUTPUT] );
-+
-+// Push callback buffer into outputBuffer
-+callbackPushed = renderBuffer.pushBuffer( convBuffer,
-+convBufferSize * stream_.nDeviceChannels[OUTPUT],
-+stream_.deviceFormat[OUTPUT] );
-+}
-+else {
-+// if there is no render stream, set callbackPushed flag
-+callbackPushed = true;
-+}
-+
-+// Stream Capture
-+// ==============
-+// 1. Get capture buffer from stream
-+// 2. Push capture buffer into inputBuffer
-+// 3. If 2. was successful: Release capture buffer
-+
-+if ( captureAudioClient ) {
-+// if the callback input buffer was not pulled from captureBuffer, wait for next capture event
-+if ( !callbackPulled ) {
-+WaitForSingleObject( captureEvent, INFINITE );
-+}
-+
-+// Get capture buffer from stream
-+hr = captureClient->GetBuffer( &streamBuffer,
-+&bufferFrameCount,
-+&captureFlags, NULL, NULL );
-+if ( FAILED( hr ) ) {
-+errorText_ = "RtApiWasapi::wasapiThread: Unable to retrieve capture buffer.";
-+goto Exit;
-+}
-+
-+if ( bufferFrameCount != 0 ) {
-+// Push capture buffer into inputBuffer
-+if ( captureBuffer.pushBuffer( ( char* ) streamBuffer,
-+bufferFrameCount * stream_.nDeviceChannels[INPUT],
-+stream_.deviceFormat[INPUT] ) )
-+{
-+// Release capture buffer
-+hr = captureClient->ReleaseBuffer( bufferFrameCount );
-+if ( FAILED( hr ) ) {
-+errorText_ = "RtApiWasapi::wasapiThread: Unable to release capture buffer.";
-+goto Exit;
-+}
-+}
-+else
-+{
-+// Inform WASAPI that capture was unsuccessful
-+hr = captureClient->ReleaseBuffer( 0 );
-+if ( FAILED( hr ) ) {
-+errorText_ = "RtApiWasapi::wasapiThread: Unable to release capture buffer.";
-+goto Exit;
-+}
-+}
-+}
-+else
-+{
-+// Inform WASAPI that capture was unsuccessful
-+hr = captureClient->ReleaseBuffer( 0 );
-+if ( FAILED( hr ) ) {
-+errorText_ = "RtApiWasapi::wasapiThread: Unable to release capture buffer.";
-+goto Exit;
-+}
-+}
-+}
-+
-+// Stream Render
-+// =============
-+// 1. Get render buffer from stream
-+// 2. Pull next buffer from outputBuffer
-+// 3. If 2. was successful: Fill render buffer with next buffer
-+//                          Release render buffer
-+
-+if ( renderAudioClient ) {
-+// if the callback output buffer was not pushed to renderBuffer, wait for next render event
-+if ( callbackPulled && !callbackPushed ) {
-+WaitForSingleObject( renderEvent, INFINITE );
-+}
-+
-+// Get render buffer from stream
-+hr = renderAudioClient->GetBufferSize( &bufferFrameCount );
-+if ( FAILED( hr ) ) {
-+errorText_ = "RtApiWasapi::wasapiThread: Unable to retrieve render buffer size.";
-+goto Exit;
-+}
-+
-+hr = renderAudioClient->GetCurrentPadding( &numFramesPadding );
-+if ( FAILED( hr ) ) {
-+errorText_ = "RtApiWasapi::wasapiThread: Unable to retrieve render buffer padding.";
-+goto Exit;
-+}
-+
-+bufferFrameCount -= numFramesPadding;
-+
-+if ( bufferFrameCount != 0 ) {
-+hr = renderClient->GetBuffer( bufferFrameCount, &streamBuffer );
-+if ( FAILED( hr ) ) {
-+errorText_ = "RtApiWasapi::wasapiThread: Unable to retrieve render buffer.";
-+goto Exit;
-+}
-+
-+// Pull next buffer from outputBuffer
-+// Fill render buffer with next buffer
-+if ( renderBuffer.pullBuffer( ( char* ) streamBuffer,
-+bufferFrameCount * stream_.nDeviceChannels[OUTPUT],
-+stream_.deviceFormat[OUTPUT] ) )
-+{
-+// Release render buffer
-+hr = renderClient->ReleaseBuffer( bufferFrameCount, 0 );
-+if ( FAILED( hr ) ) {
-+errorText_ = "RtApiWasapi::wasapiThread: Unable to release render buffer.";
-+goto Exit;
-+}
-+}
-+else
-+{
-+// Inform WASAPI that render was unsuccessful
-+hr = renderClient->ReleaseBuffer( 0, 0 );
-+if ( FAILED( hr ) ) {
-+errorText_ = "RtApiWasapi::wasapiThread: Unable to release render buffer.";
-+goto Exit;
-+}
-+}
-+}
-+else
-+{
-+// Inform WASAPI that render was unsuccessful
-+hr = renderClient->ReleaseBuffer( 0, 0 );
-+if ( FAILED( hr ) ) {
-+errorText_ = "RtApiWasapi::wasapiThread: Unable to release render buffer.";
-+goto Exit;
-+}
-+}
-+}
-+
-+// if the callback buffer was pushed renderBuffer reset callbackPulled flag
-+if ( callbackPushed ) {
-+callbackPulled = false;
-+// tick stream time
-+RtApi::tickStreamTime();
-+}
-+
-+}
-+
-+Exit:
-+// clean up
-+CoTaskMemFree( captureFormat );
-+CoTaskMemFree( renderFormat );
-+
-+free ( convBuffer );
-+
-+CoUninitialize();
-+
-+// update stream state
-+stream_.state = STREAM_STOPPED;
-+
-+if ( errorText_.empty() )
-+return;
-+else
-+error( errorType );
-+}
-+
-+//******************** End of __WINDOWS_WASAPI__ *********************//
-+#endif
-+
-+
-+#if defined(__WINDOWS_DS__) // Windows DirectSound API
-+
-+// Modified by Robin Davies, October 2005
-+// - Improvements to DirectX pointer chasing. 
-+// - Bug fix for non-power-of-two Asio granularity used by Edirol PCR-A30.
-+// - Auto-call CoInitialize for DSOUND and ASIO platforms.
-+// Various revisions for RtAudio 4.0 by Gary Scavone, April 2007
-+// Changed device query structure for RtAudio 4.0.7, January 2010
-+
-+#include <mmsystem.h>
-+#include <mmreg.h>
-+#include <dsound.h>
-+#include <assert.h>
-+#include <algorithm>
-+
-+#if defined(__MINGW32__)
-+// missing from latest mingw winapi
-+#define WAVE_FORMAT_96M08 0x00010000 /* 96 kHz, Mono, 8-bit */
-+#define WAVE_FORMAT_96S08 0x00020000 /* 96 kHz, Stereo, 8-bit */
-+#define WAVE_FORMAT_96M16 0x00040000 /* 96 kHz, Mono, 16-bit */
-+#define WAVE_FORMAT_96S16 0x00080000 /* 96 kHz, Stereo, 16-bit */
-+#endif
-+
-+#define MINIMUM_DEVICE_BUFFER_SIZE 32768
-+
-+#ifdef _MSC_VER // if Microsoft Visual C++
-+#pragma comment( lib, "winmm.lib" ) // then, auto-link winmm.lib. Otherwise, it has to be added manually.
-+#endif
-+
-+static inline DWORD dsPointerBetween( DWORD pointer, DWORD laterPointer, DWORD earlierPointer, DWORD bufferSize )
-+{
-+if ( pointer > bufferSize ) pointer -= bufferSize;
-+if ( laterPointer < earlierPointer ) laterPointer += bufferSize;
-+if ( pointer < earlierPointer ) pointer += bufferSize;
-+return pointer >= earlierPointer && pointer < laterPointer;
-+}
-+
-+// A structure to hold various information related to the DirectSound
-+// API implementation.
-+struct DsHandle {
-+unsigned int drainCounter; // Tracks callback counts when draining
-+bool internalDrain;        // Indicates if stop is initiated from callback or not.
-+void *id[2];
-+void *buffer[2];
-+bool xrun[2];
-+UINT bufferPointer[2];  
-+DWORD dsBufferSize[2];
-+DWORD dsPointerLeadTime[2]; // the number of bytes ahead of the safe pointer to lead by.
-+HANDLE condition;
-+
-+DsHandle()
-+:drainCounter(0), internalDrain(false) { id[0] = 0; id[1] = 0; buffer[0] = 0; buffer[1] = 0; xrun[0] = false; xrun[1] = false; bufferPointer[0] = 0; bufferPointer[1] = 0; }
-+};
-+
-+// Declarations for utility functions, callbacks, and structures
-+// specific to the DirectSound implementation.
-+static BOOL CALLBACK deviceQueryCallback( LPGUID lpguid,
-+LPCTSTR description,
-+LPCTSTR module,
-+LPVOID lpContext );
-+
-+static const char* getErrorString( int code );
-+
-+static unsigned __stdcall callbackHandler( void *ptr );
-+
-+struct DsDevice {
-+LPGUID id[2];
-+bool validId[2];
-+bool found;
-+std::string name;
-+
-+DsDevice()
-+: found(false) { validId[0] = false; validId[1] = false; }
-+};
-+
-+struct DsProbeData {
-+bool isInput;
-+std::vector<struct DsDevice>* dsDevices;
-+};
-+
-+RtApiDs :: RtApiDs()
-+{
-+// Dsound will run both-threaded. If CoInitialize fails, then just
-+// accept whatever the mainline chose for a threading model.
-+coInitialized_ = false;
-+HRESULT hr = CoInitialize( NULL );
-+if ( !FAILED( hr ) ) coInitialized_ = true;
-+}
-+
-+RtApiDs :: ~RtApiDs()
-+{
-+if ( stream_.state != STREAM_CLOSED ) closeStream();
-+if ( coInitialized_ ) CoUninitialize(); // balanced call.
-+}
-+
-+// The DirectSound default output is always the first device.
-+unsigned int RtApiDs :: getDefaultOutputDevice( void )
-+{
-+return 0;
-+}
-+
-+// The DirectSound default input is always the first input device,
-+// which is the first capture device enumerated.
-+unsigned int RtApiDs :: getDefaultInputDevice( void )
-+{
-+return 0;
-+}
-+
-+unsigned int RtApiDs :: getDeviceCount( void )
-+{
-+// Set query flag for previously found devices to false, so that we
-+// can check for any devices that have disappeared.
-+for ( unsigned int i=0; i<dsDevices.size(); i++ )
-+dsDevices[i].found = false;
-+
-+// Query DirectSound devices.
-+struct DsProbeData probeInfo;
-+probeInfo.isInput = false;
-+probeInfo.dsDevices = &dsDevices;
-+HRESULT result = DirectSoundEnumerate( (LPDSENUMCALLBACK) deviceQueryCallback, &probeInfo );
-+if ( FAILED( result ) ) {
-+errorStream_ << "RtApiDs::getDeviceCount: error (" << getErrorString( result ) << ") enumerating output devices!";
-+errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
-+error( RtAudioError::WARNING );
-+}
-+
-+// Query DirectSoundCapture devices.
-+probeInfo.isInput = true;
-+result = DirectSoundCaptureEnumerate( (LPDSENUMCALLBACK) deviceQueryCallback, &probeInfo );
-+if ( FAILED( result ) ) {
-+errorStream_ << "RtApiDs::getDeviceCount: error (" << getErrorString( result ) << ") enumerating input devices!";
-+errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
-+error( RtAudioError::WARNING );
-+}
-+
-+// Clean out any devices that may have disappeared (code update submitted by Eli Zehngut).
-+for ( unsigned int i=0; i<dsDevices.size(); ) {
-+if ( dsDevices[i].found == false ) dsDevices.erase( dsDevices.begin() + i );
-+else i++;
-+}
-+
-+return static_cast<unsigned int>(dsDevices.size());
-+}
-+
-+RtAudio::DeviceInfo RtApiDs :: getDeviceInfo( unsigned int device )
-+{
-+RtAudio::DeviceInfo info;
-+info.probed = false;
-+
-+if ( dsDevices.size() == 0 ) {
-+// Force a query of all devices
-+getDeviceCount();
-+if ( dsDevices.size() == 0 ) {
-+errorText_ = "RtApiDs::getDeviceInfo: no devices found!";
-+error( RtAudioError::INVALID_USE );
-+return info;
-+}
-+}
-+
-+if ( device >= dsDevices.size() ) {
-+errorText_ = "RtApiDs::getDeviceInfo: device ID is invalid!";
-+error( RtAudioError::INVALID_USE );
-+return info;
-+}
-+
-+HRESULT result;
-+if ( dsDevices[ device ].validId[0] == false ) goto probeInput;
-+
-+LPDIRECTSOUND output;
-+DSCAPS outCaps;
-+result = DirectSoundCreate( dsDevices[ device ].id[0], &output, NULL );
-+if ( FAILED( result ) ) {
-+errorStream_ << "RtApiDs::getDeviceInfo: error (" << getErrorString( result ) << ") opening output device (" << dsDevices[ device ].name << ")!";
-+errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
-+error( RtAudioError::WARNING );
-+goto probeInput;
-+}
-+
-+outCaps.dwSize = sizeof( outCaps );
-+result = output->GetCaps( &outCaps );
-+if ( FAILED( result ) ) {
-+output->Release();
-+errorStream_ << "RtApiDs::getDeviceInfo: error (" << getErrorString( result ) << ") getting capabilities!";
-+errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
-+error( RtAudioError::WARNING );
-+goto probeInput;
-+}
-+
-+// Get output channel information.
-+info.outputChannels = ( outCaps.dwFlags & DSCAPS_PRIMARYSTEREO ) ? 2 : 1;
-+
-+// Get sample rate information.
-+info.sampleRates.clear();
-+for ( unsigned int k=0; k<MAX_SAMPLE_RATES; k++ ) {
-+if ( SAMPLE_RATES[k] >= (unsigned int) outCaps.dwMinSecondarySampleRate &&
-+SAMPLE_RATES[k] <= (unsigned int) outCaps.dwMaxSecondarySampleRate ) {
-+info.sampleRates.push_back( SAMPLE_RATES[k] );
-+
-+if ( !info.preferredSampleRate || ( SAMPLE_RATES[k] <= 48000 && SAMPLE_RATES[k] > info.preferredSampleRate ) )
-+info.preferredSampleRate = SAMPLE_RATES[k];
-+}
-+}
-+
-+// Get format information.
-+if ( outCaps.dwFlags & DSCAPS_PRIMARY16BIT ) info.nativeFormats |= RTAUDIO_SINT16;
-+if ( outCaps.dwFlags & DSCAPS_PRIMARY8BIT ) info.nativeFormats |= RTAUDIO_SINT8;
-+
-+output->Release();
-+
-+if ( getDefaultOutputDevice() == device )
-+info.isDefaultOutput = true;
-+
-+if ( dsDevices[ device ].validId[1] == false ) {
-+info.name = dsDevices[ device ].name;
-+info.probed = true;
-+return info;
-+}
-+
-+probeInput:
-+
-+LPDIRECTSOUNDCAPTURE input;
-+result = DirectSoundCaptureCreate( dsDevices[ device ].id[1], &input, NULL );
-+if ( FAILED( result ) ) {
-+errorStream_ << "RtApiDs::getDeviceInfo: error (" << getErrorString( result ) << ") opening input device (" << dsDevices[ device ].name << ")!";
-+errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
-+error( RtAudioError::WARNING );
-+return info;
-+}
-+
-+DSCCAPS inCaps;
-+inCaps.dwSize = sizeof( inCaps );
-+result = input->GetCaps( &inCaps );
-+if ( FAILED( result ) ) {
-+input->Release();
-+errorStream_ << "RtApiDs::getDeviceInfo: error (" << getErrorString( result ) << ") getting object capabilities (" << dsDevices[ device ].name << ")!";
-+errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
-+error( RtAudioError::WARNING );
-+return info;
-+}
-+
-+// Get input channel information.
-+info.inputChannels = inCaps.dwChannels;
-+
-+// Get sample rate and format information.
-+std::vector<unsigned int> rates;
-+if ( inCaps.dwChannels >= 2 ) {
-+if ( inCaps.dwFormats & WAVE_FORMAT_1S16 ) info.nativeFormats |= RTAUDIO_SINT16;
-+if ( inCaps.dwFormats & WAVE_FORMAT_2S16 ) info.nativeFormats |= RTAUDIO_SINT16;
-+if ( inCaps.dwFormats & WAVE_FORMAT_4S16 ) info.nativeFormats |= RTAUDIO_SINT16;
-+if ( inCaps.dwFormats & WAVE_FORMAT_96S16 ) info.nativeFormats |= RTAUDIO_SINT16;
-+if ( inCaps.dwFormats & WAVE_FORMAT_1S08 ) info.nativeFormats |= RTAUDIO_SINT8;
-+if ( inCaps.dwFormats & WAVE_FORMAT_2S08 ) info.nativeFormats |= RTAUDIO_SINT8;
-+if ( inCaps.dwFormats & WAVE_FORMAT_4S08 ) info.nativeFormats |= RTAUDIO_SINT8;
-+if ( inCaps.dwFormats & WAVE_FORMAT_96S08 ) info.nativeFormats |= RTAUDIO_SINT8;
-+
-+if ( info.nativeFormats & RTAUDIO_SINT16 ) {
-+if ( inCaps.dwFormats & WAVE_FORMAT_1S16 ) rates.push_back( 11025 );
-+if ( inCaps.dwFormats & WAVE_FORMAT_2S16 ) rates.push_back( 22050 );
-+if ( inCaps.dwFormats & WAVE_FORMAT_4S16 ) rates.push_back( 44100 );
-+if ( inCaps.dwFormats & WAVE_FORMAT_96S16 ) rates.push_back( 96000 );
-+}
-+else if ( info.nativeFormats & RTAUDIO_SINT8 ) {
-+if ( inCaps.dwFormats & WAVE_FORMAT_1S08 ) rates.push_back( 11025 );
-+if ( inCaps.dwFormats & WAVE_FORMAT_2S08 ) rates.push_back( 22050 );
-+if ( inCaps.dwFormats & WAVE_FORMAT_4S08 ) rates.push_back( 44100 );
-+if ( inCaps.dwFormats & WAVE_FORMAT_96S08 ) rates.push_back( 96000 );
-+}
-+}
-+else if ( inCaps.dwChannels == 1 ) {
-+if ( inCaps.dwFormats & WAVE_FORMAT_1M16 ) info.nativeFormats |= RTAUDIO_SINT16;
-+if ( inCaps.dwFormats & WAVE_FORMAT_2M16 ) info.nativeFormats |= RTAUDIO_SINT16;
-+if ( inCaps.dwFormats & WAVE_FORMAT_4M16 ) info.nativeFormats |= RTAUDIO_SINT16;
-+if ( inCaps.dwFormats & WAVE_FORMAT_96M16 ) info.nativeFormats |= RTAUDIO_SINT16;
-+if ( inCaps.dwFormats & WAVE_FORMAT_1M08 ) info.nativeFormats |= RTAUDIO_SINT8;
-+if ( inCaps.dwFormats & WAVE_FORMAT_2M08 ) info.nativeFormats |= RTAUDIO_SINT8;
-+if ( inCaps.dwFormats & WAVE_FORMAT_4M08 ) info.nativeFormats |= RTAUDIO_SINT8;
-+if ( inCaps.dwFormats & WAVE_FORMAT_96M08 ) info.nativeFormats |= RTAUDIO_SINT8;
-+
-+if ( info.nativeFormats & RTAUDIO_SINT16 ) {
-+if ( inCaps.dwFormats & WAVE_FORMAT_1M16 ) rates.push_back( 11025 );
-+if ( inCaps.dwFormats & WAVE_FORMAT_2M16 ) rates.push_back( 22050 );
-+if ( inCaps.dwFormats & WAVE_FORMAT_4M16 ) rates.push_back( 44100 );
-+if ( inCaps.dwFormats & WAVE_FORMAT_96M16 ) rates.push_back( 96000 );
-+}
-+else if ( info.nativeFormats & RTAUDIO_SINT8 ) {
-+if ( inCaps.dwFormats & WAVE_FORMAT_1M08 ) rates.push_back( 11025 );
-+if ( inCaps.dwFormats & WAVE_FORMAT_2M08 ) rates.push_back( 22050 );
-+if ( inCaps.dwFormats & WAVE_FORMAT_4M08 ) rates.push_back( 44100 );
-+if ( inCaps.dwFormats & WAVE_FORMAT_96M08 ) rates.push_back( 96000 );
-+}
-+}
-+else info.inputChannels = 0; // technically, this would be an error
-+
-+input->Release();
-+
-+if ( info.inputChannels == 0 ) return info;
-+
-+// Copy the supported rates to the info structure but avoid duplication.
-+bool found;
-+for ( unsigned int i=0; i<rates.size(); i++ ) {
-+found = false;
-+for ( unsigned int j=0; j<info.sampleRates.size(); j++ ) {
-+if ( rates[i] == info.sampleRates[j] ) {
-+found = true;
-+break;
-+}
-+}
-+if ( found == false ) info.sampleRates.push_back( rates[i] );
-+}
-+std::sort( info.sampleRates.begin(), info.sampleRates.end() );
-+
-+// If device opens for both playback and capture, we determine the channels.
-+if ( info.outputChannels > 0 && info.inputChannels > 0 )
-+info.duplexChannels = (info.outputChannels > info.inputChannels) ? info.inputChannels : info.outputChannels;
-+
-+if ( device == 0 ) info.isDefaultInput = true;
-+
-+// Copy name and return.
-+info.name = dsDevices[ device ].name;
-+info.probed = true;
-+return info;
-+}
-+
-+bool RtApiDs :: probeDeviceOpen( unsigned int device, StreamMode mode, unsigned int channels,
-+unsigned int firstChannel, unsigned int sampleRate,
-+RtAudioFormat format, unsigned int *bufferSize,
-+RtAudio::StreamOptions *options )
-+{
-+if ( channels + firstChannel > 2 ) {
-+errorText_ = "RtApiDs::probeDeviceOpen: DirectSound does not support more than 2 channels per device.";
-+return FAILURE;
-+}
-+
-+size_t nDevices = dsDevices.size();
-+if ( nDevices == 0 ) {
-+// This should not happen because a check is made before this function is called.
-+errorText_ = "RtApiDs::probeDeviceOpen: no devices found!";
-+return FAILURE;
-+}
-+
-+if ( device >= nDevices ) {
-+// This should not happen because a check is made before this function is called.
-+errorText_ = "RtApiDs::probeDeviceOpen: device ID is invalid!";
-+return FAILURE;
-+}
-+
-+if ( mode == OUTPUT ) {
-+if ( dsDevices[ device ].validId[0] == false ) {
-+errorStream_ << "RtApiDs::probeDeviceOpen: device (" << device << ") does not support output!";
-+errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
-+return FAILURE;
-+}
-+}
-+else { // mode == INPUT
-+if ( dsDevices[ device ].validId[1] == false ) {
-+errorStream_ << "RtApiDs::probeDeviceOpen: device (" << device << ") does not support input!";
-+errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
-+return FAILURE;
-+}
-+}
-+
-+// According to a note in PortAudio, using GetDesktopWindow()
-+// instead of GetForegroundWindow() is supposed to avoid problems
-+// that occur when the application's window is not the foreground
-+// window.  Also, if the application window closes before the
-+// DirectSound buffer, DirectSound can crash.  In the past, I had
-+// problems when using GetDesktopWindow() but it seems fine now
-+// (January 2010).  I'll leave it commented here.
-+// HWND hWnd = GetForegroundWindow();
-+HWND hWnd = GetDesktopWindow();
-+
-+// Check the numberOfBuffers parameter and limit the lowest value to
-+// two.  This is a judgement call and a value of two is probably too
-+// low for capture, but it should work for playback.
-+int nBuffers = 0;
-+if ( options ) nBuffers = options->numberOfBuffers;
-+if ( options && options->flags & RTAUDIO_MINIMIZE_LATENCY ) nBuffers = 2;
-+if ( nBuffers < 2 ) nBuffers = 3;
-+
-+// Check the lower range of the user-specified buffer size and set
-+// (arbitrarily) to a lower bound of 32.
-+if ( *bufferSize < 32 ) *bufferSize = 32;
-+
-+// Create the wave format structure.  The data format setting will
-+// be determined later.
-+WAVEFORMATEX waveFormat;
-+ZeroMemory( &waveFormat, sizeof(WAVEFORMATEX) );
-+waveFormat.wFormatTag = WAVE_FORMAT_PCM;
-+waveFormat.nChannels = channels + firstChannel;
-+waveFormat.nSamplesPerSec = (unsigned long) sampleRate;
-+
-+// Determine the device buffer size. By default, we'll use the value
-+// defined above (32K), but we will grow it to make allowances for
-+// very large software buffer sizes.
-+DWORD dsBufferSize = MINIMUM_DEVICE_BUFFER_SIZE;
-+DWORD dsPointerLeadTime = 0;
-+
-+void *ohandle = 0, *bhandle = 0;
-+HRESULT result;
-+if ( mode == OUTPUT ) {
-+
-+LPDIRECTSOUND output;
-+result = DirectSoundCreate( dsDevices[ device ].id[0], &output, NULL );
-+if ( FAILED( result ) ) {
-+errorStream_ << "RtApiDs::probeDeviceOpen: error (" << getErrorString( result ) << ") opening output device (" << dsDevices[ device ].name << ")!";
-+errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
-+return FAILURE;
-+}
-+
-+DSCAPS outCaps;
-+outCaps.dwSize = sizeof( outCaps );
-+result = output->GetCaps( &outCaps );
-+if ( FAILED( result ) ) {
-+output->Release();
-+errorStream_ << "RtApiDs::probeDeviceOpen: error (" << getErrorString( result ) << ") getting capabilities (" << dsDevices[ device ].name << ")!";
-+errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
-+return FAILURE;
-+}
-+
-+// Check channel information.
-+if ( channels + firstChannel == 2 && !( outCaps.dwFlags & DSCAPS_PRIMARYSTEREO ) ) {
-+errorStream_ << "RtApiDs::getDeviceInfo: the output device (" << dsDevices[ device ].name << ") does not support stereo playback.";
-+errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
-+return FAILURE;
-+}
-+
-+// Check format information.  Use 16-bit format unless not
-+// supported or user requests 8-bit.
-+if ( outCaps.dwFlags & DSCAPS_PRIMARY16BIT &&
-+!( format == RTAUDIO_SINT8 && outCaps.dwFlags & DSCAPS_PRIMARY8BIT ) ) {
-+waveFormat.wBitsPerSample = 16;
-+stream_.deviceFormat[mode] = RTAUDIO_SINT16;
-+}
-+else {
-+waveFormat.wBitsPerSample = 8;
-+stream_.deviceFormat[mode] = RTAUDIO_SINT8;
-+}
-+stream_.userFormat = format;
-+
-+// Update wave format structure and buffer information.
-+waveFormat.nBlockAlign = waveFormat.nChannels * waveFormat.wBitsPerSample / 8;
-+waveFormat.nAvgBytesPerSec = waveFormat.nSamplesPerSec * waveFormat.nBlockAlign;
-+dsPointerLeadTime = nBuffers * (*bufferSize) * (waveFormat.wBitsPerSample / 8) * channels;
-+
-+// If the user wants an even bigger buffer, increase the device buffer size accordingly.
-+while ( dsPointerLeadTime * 2U > dsBufferSize )
-+dsBufferSize *= 2;
-+
-+// Set cooperative level to DSSCL_EXCLUSIVE ... sound stops when window focus changes.
-+// result = output->SetCooperativeLevel( hWnd, DSSCL_EXCLUSIVE );
-+// Set cooperative level to DSSCL_PRIORITY ... sound remains when window focus changes.
-+result = output->SetCooperativeLevel( hWnd, DSSCL_PRIORITY );
-+if ( FAILED( result ) ) {
-+output->Release();
-+errorStream_ << "RtApiDs::probeDeviceOpen: error (" << getErrorString( result ) << ") setting cooperative level (" << dsDevices[ device ].name << ")!";
-+errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
-+return FAILURE;
-+}
-+
-+// Even though we will write to the secondary buffer, we need to
-+// access the primary buffer to set the correct output format
-+// (since the default is 8-bit, 22 kHz!).  Setup the DS primary
-+// buffer description.
-+DSBUFFERDESC bufferDescription;
-+ZeroMemory( &bufferDescription, sizeof( DSBUFFERDESC ) );
-+bufferDescription.dwSize = sizeof( DSBUFFERDESC );
-+bufferDescription.dwFlags = DSBCAPS_PRIMARYBUFFER;
-+
-+// Obtain the primary buffer
-+LPDIRECTSOUNDBUFFER buffer;
-+result = output->CreateSoundBuffer( &bufferDescription, &buffer, NULL );
-+if ( FAILED( result ) ) {
-+output->Release();
-+errorStream_ << "RtApiDs::probeDeviceOpen: error (" << getErrorString( result ) << ") accessing primary buffer (" << dsDevices[ device ].name << ")!";
-+errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
-+return FAILURE;
-+}
-+
-+// Set the primary DS buffer sound format.
-+result = buffer->SetFormat( &waveFormat );
-+if ( FAILED( result ) ) {
-+output->Release();
-+errorStream_ << "RtApiDs::probeDeviceOpen: error (" << getErrorString( result ) << ") setting primary buffer format (" << dsDevices[ device ].name << ")!";
-+errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
-+return FAILURE;
-+}
-+
-+// Setup the secondary DS buffer description.
-+ZeroMemory( &bufferDescription, sizeof( DSBUFFERDESC ) );
-+bufferDescription.dwSize = sizeof( DSBUFFERDESC );
-+bufferDescription.dwFlags = ( DSBCAPS_STICKYFOCUS |
-+DSBCAPS_GLOBALFOCUS |
-+DSBCAPS_GETCURRENTPOSITION2 |
-+DSBCAPS_LOCHARDWARE );  // Force hardware mixing
-+bufferDescription.dwBufferBytes = dsBufferSize;
-+bufferDescription.lpwfxFormat = &waveFormat;
-+
-+// Try to create the secondary DS buffer.  If that doesn't work,
-+// try to use software mixing.  Otherwise, there's a problem.
-+result = output->CreateSoundBuffer( &bufferDescription, &buffer, NULL );
-+if ( FAILED( result ) ) {
-+bufferDescription.dwFlags = ( DSBCAPS_STICKYFOCUS |
-+DSBCAPS_GLOBALFOCUS |
-+DSBCAPS_GETCURRENTPOSITION2 |
-+DSBCAPS_LOCSOFTWARE );  // Force software mixing
-+result = output->CreateSoundBuffer( &bufferDescription, &buffer, NULL );
-+if ( FAILED( result ) ) {
-+output->Release();
-+errorStream_ << "RtApiDs::probeDeviceOpen: error (" << getErrorString( result ) << ") creating secondary buffer (" << dsDevices[ device ].name << ")!";
-+errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
-+return FAILURE;
-+}
-+}
-+
-+// Get the buffer size ... might be different from what we specified.
-+DSBCAPS dsbcaps;
-+dsbcaps.dwSize = sizeof( DSBCAPS );
-+result = buffer->GetCaps( &dsbcaps );
-+if ( FAILED( result ) ) {
-+output->Release();
-+buffer->Release();
-+errorStream_ << "RtApiDs::probeDeviceOpen: error (" << getErrorString( result ) << ") getting buffer settings (" << dsDevices[ device ].name << ")!";
-+errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
-+return FAILURE;
-+}
-+
-+dsBufferSize = dsbcaps.dwBufferBytes;
-+
-+// Lock the DS buffer
-+LPVOID audioPtr;
-+DWORD dataLen;
-+result = buffer->Lock( 0, dsBufferSize, &audioPtr, &dataLen, NULL, NULL, 0 );
-+if ( FAILED( result ) ) {
-+output->Release();
-+buffer->Release();
-+errorStream_ << "RtApiDs::probeDeviceOpen: error (" << getErrorString( result ) << ") locking buffer (" << dsDevices[ device ].name << ")!";
-+errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
-+return FAILURE;
-+}
-+
-+// Zero the DS buffer
-+ZeroMemory( audioPtr, dataLen );
-+
-+// Unlock the DS buffer
-+result = buffer->Unlock( audioPtr, dataLen, NULL, 0 );
-+if ( FAILED( result ) ) {
-+output->Release();
-+buffer->Release();
-+errorStream_ << "RtApiDs::probeDeviceOpen: error (" << getErrorString( result ) << ") unlocking buffer (" << dsDevices[ device ].name << ")!";
-+errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
-+return FAILURE;
-+}
-+
-+ohandle = (void *) output;
-+bhandle = (void *) buffer;
-+}
-+
-+if ( mode == INPUT ) {
-+
-+LPDIRECTSOUNDCAPTURE input;
-+result = DirectSoundCaptureCreate( dsDevices[ device ].id[1], &input, NULL );
-+if ( FAILED( result ) ) {
-+errorStream_ << "RtApiDs::probeDeviceOpen: error (" << getErrorString( result ) << ") opening input device (" << dsDevices[ device ].name << ")!";
-+errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
-+return FAILURE;
-+}
-+
-+DSCCAPS inCaps;
-+inCaps.dwSize = sizeof( inCaps );
-+result = input->GetCaps( &inCaps );
-+if ( FAILED( result ) ) {
-+input->Release();
-+errorStream_ << "RtApiDs::probeDeviceOpen: error (" << getErrorString( result ) << ") getting input capabilities (" << dsDevices[ device ].name << ")!";
-+errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
-+return FAILURE;
-+}
-+
-+// Check channel information.
-+if ( inCaps.dwChannels < channels + firstChannel ) {
-+errorText_ = "RtApiDs::getDeviceInfo: the input device does not support requested input channels.";
-+return FAILURE;
-+}
-+
-+// Check format information.  Use 16-bit format unless user
-+// requests 8-bit.
-+DWORD deviceFormats;
-+if ( channels + firstChannel == 2 ) {
-+deviceFormats = WAVE_FORMAT_1S08 | WAVE_FORMAT_2S08 | WAVE_FORMAT_4S08 | WAVE_FORMAT_96S08;
-+if ( format == RTAUDIO_SINT8 && inCaps.dwFormats & deviceFormats ) {
-+waveFormat.wBitsPerSample = 8;
-+stream_.deviceFormat[mode] = RTAUDIO_SINT8;
-+}
-+else { // assume 16-bit is supported
-+waveFormat.wBitsPerSample = 16;
-+stream_.deviceFormat[mode] = RTAUDIO_SINT16;
-+}
-+}
-+else { // channel == 1
-+deviceFormats = WAVE_FORMAT_1M08 | WAVE_FORMAT_2M08 | WAVE_FORMAT_4M08 | WAVE_FORMAT_96M08;
-+if ( format == RTAUDIO_SINT8 && inCaps.dwFormats & deviceFormats ) {
-+waveFormat.wBitsPerSample = 8;
-+stream_.deviceFormat[mode] = RTAUDIO_SINT8;
-+}
-+else { // assume 16-bit is supported
-+waveFormat.wBitsPerSample = 16;
-+stream_.deviceFormat[mode] = RTAUDIO_SINT16;
-+}
-+}
-+stream_.userFormat = format;
-+
-+// Update wave format structure and buffer information.
-+waveFormat.nBlockAlign = waveFormat.nChannels * waveFormat.wBitsPerSample / 8;
-+waveFormat.nAvgBytesPerSec = waveFormat.nSamplesPerSec * waveFormat.nBlockAlign;
-+dsPointerLeadTime = nBuffers * (*bufferSize) * (waveFormat.wBitsPerSample / 8) * channels;
-+
-+// If the user wants an even bigger buffer, increase the device buffer size accordingly.
-+while ( dsPointerLeadTime * 2U > dsBufferSize )
-+dsBufferSize *= 2;
-+
-+// Setup the secondary DS buffer description.
-+DSCBUFFERDESC bufferDescription;
-+ZeroMemory( &bufferDescription, sizeof( DSCBUFFERDESC ) );
-+bufferDescription.dwSize = sizeof( DSCBUFFERDESC );
-+bufferDescription.dwFlags = 0;
-+bufferDescription.dwReserved = 0;
-+bufferDescription.dwBufferBytes = dsBufferSize;
-+bufferDescription.lpwfxFormat = &waveFormat;
-+
-+// Create the capture buffer.
-+LPDIRECTSOUNDCAPTUREBUFFER buffer;
-+result = input->CreateCaptureBuffer( &bufferDescription, &buffer, NULL );
-+if ( FAILED( result ) ) {
-+input->Release();
-+errorStream_ << "RtApiDs::probeDeviceOpen: error (" << getErrorString( result ) << ") creating input buffer (" << dsDevices[ device ].name << ")!";
-+errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
-+return FAILURE;
-+}
-+
-+// Get the buffer size ... might be different from what we specified.
-+DSCBCAPS dscbcaps;
-+dscbcaps.dwSize = sizeof( DSCBCAPS );
-+result = buffer->GetCaps( &dscbcaps );
-+if ( FAILED( result ) ) {
-+input->Release();
-+buffer->Release();
-+errorStream_ << "RtApiDs::probeDeviceOpen: error (" << getErrorString( result ) << ") getting buffer settings (" << dsDevices[ device ].name << ")!";
-+errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
-+return FAILURE;
-+}
-+
-+dsBufferSize = dscbcaps.dwBufferBytes;
-+
-+// NOTE: We could have a problem here if this is a duplex stream
-+// and the play and capture hardware buffer sizes are different
-+// (I'm actually not sure if that is a problem or not).
-+// Currently, we are not verifying that.
-+
-+// Lock the capture buffer
-+LPVOID audioPtr;
-+DWORD dataLen;
-+result = buffer->Lock( 0, dsBufferSize, &audioPtr, &dataLen, NULL, NULL, 0 );
-+if ( FAILED( result ) ) {
-+input->Release();
-+buffer->Release();
-+errorStream_ << "RtApiDs::probeDeviceOpen: error (" << getErrorString( result ) << ") locking input buffer (" << dsDevices[ device ].name << ")!";
-+errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
-+return FAILURE;
-+}
-+
-+// Zero the buffer
-+ZeroMemory( audioPtr, dataLen );
-+
-+// Unlock the buffer
-+result = buffer->Unlock( audioPtr, dataLen, NULL, 0 );
-+if ( FAILED( result ) ) {
-+input->Release();
-+buffer->Release();
-+errorStream_ << "RtApiDs::probeDeviceOpen: error (" << getErrorString( result ) << ") unlocking input buffer (" << dsDevices[ device ].name << ")!";
-+errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
-+return FAILURE;
-+}
-+
-+ohandle = (void *) input;
-+bhandle = (void *) buffer;
-+}
-+
-+// Set various stream parameters
-+DsHandle *handle = 0;
-+stream_.nDeviceChannels[mode] = channels + firstChannel;
-+stream_.nUserChannels[mode] = channels;
-+stream_.bufferSize = *bufferSize;
-+stream_.channelOffset[mode] = firstChannel;
-+stream_.deviceInterleaved[mode] = true;
-+if ( options && options->flags & RTAUDIO_NONINTERLEAVED ) stream_.userInterleaved = false;
-+else stream_.userInterleaved = true;
-+
-+// Set flag for buffer conversion
-+stream_.doConvertBuffer[mode] = false;
-+if (stream_.nUserChannels[mode] != stream_.nDeviceChannels[mode])
-+stream_.doConvertBuffer[mode] = true;
-+if (stream_.userFormat != stream_.deviceFormat[mode])
-+stream_.doConvertBuffer[mode] = true;
-+if ( stream_.userInterleaved != stream_.deviceInterleaved[mode] &&
-+stream_.nUserChannels[mode] > 1 )
-+stream_.doConvertBuffer[mode] = true;
-+
-+// Allocate necessary internal buffers
-+long bufferBytes = stream_.nUserChannels[mode] * *bufferSize * formatBytes( stream_.userFormat );
-+stream_.userBuffer[mode] = (char *) calloc( bufferBytes, 1 );
-+if ( stream_.userBuffer[mode] == NULL ) {
-+errorText_ = "RtApiDs::probeDeviceOpen: error allocating user buffer memory.";
-+goto error;
-+}
-+
-+if ( stream_.doConvertBuffer[mode] ) {
-+
-+bool makeBuffer = true;
-+bufferBytes = stream_.nDeviceChannels[mode] * formatBytes( stream_.deviceFormat[mode] );
-+if ( mode == INPUT ) {
-+if ( stream_.mode == OUTPUT && stream_.deviceBuffer ) {
-+unsigned long bytesOut = stream_.nDeviceChannels[0] * formatBytes( stream_.deviceFormat[0] );
-+if ( bufferBytes <= (long) bytesOut ) makeBuffer = false;
-+}
-+}
-+
-+if ( makeBuffer ) {
-+bufferBytes *= *bufferSize;
-+if ( stream_.deviceBuffer ) free( stream_.deviceBuffer );
-+stream_.deviceBuffer = (char *) calloc( bufferBytes, 1 );
-+if ( stream_.deviceBuffer == NULL ) {
-+errorText_ = "RtApiDs::probeDeviceOpen: error allocating device buffer memory.";
-+goto error;
-+}
-+}
-+}
-+
-+// Allocate our DsHandle structures for the stream.
-+if ( stream_.apiHandle == 0 ) {
-+try {
-+handle = new DsHandle;
-+}
-+catch ( std::bad_alloc& ) {
-+errorText_ = "RtApiDs::probeDeviceOpen: error allocating AsioHandle memory.";
-+goto error;
-+}
-+
-+// Create a manual-reset event.
-+handle->condition = CreateEvent( NULL,   // no security
-+TRUE,   // manual-reset
-+FALSE,  // non-signaled initially
-+NULL ); // unnamed
-+stream_.apiHandle = (void *) handle;
-+}
-+else
-+handle = (DsHandle *) stream_.apiHandle;
-+handle->id[mode] = ohandle;
-+handle->buffer[mode] = bhandle;
-+handle->dsBufferSize[mode] = dsBufferSize;
-+handle->dsPointerLeadTime[mode] = dsPointerLeadTime;
-+
-+stream_.device[mode] = device;
-+stream_.state = STREAM_STOPPED;
-+if ( stream_.mode == OUTPUT && mode == INPUT )
-+// We had already set up an output stream.
-+stream_.mode = DUPLEX;
-+else
-+stream_.mode = mode;
-+stream_.nBuffers = nBuffers;
-+stream_.sampleRate = sampleRate;
-+
-+// Setup the buffer conversion information structure.
-+if ( stream_.doConvertBuffer[mode] ) setConvertInfo( mode, firstChannel );
-+
-+// Setup the callback thread.
-+if ( stream_.callbackInfo.isRunning == false ) {
-+unsigned threadId;
-+stream_.callbackInfo.isRunning = true;
-+stream_.callbackInfo.object = (void *) this;
-+stream_.callbackInfo.thread = _beginthreadex( NULL, 0, &callbackHandler,
-+&stream_.callbackInfo, 0, &threadId );
-+if ( stream_.callbackInfo.thread == 0 ) {
-+errorText_ = "RtApiDs::probeDeviceOpen: error creating callback thread!";
-+goto error;
-+}
-+
-+// Boost DS thread priority
-+SetThreadPriority( (HANDLE) stream_.callbackInfo.thread, THREAD_PRIORITY_HIGHEST );
-+}
-+return SUCCESS;
-+
-+error:
-+if ( handle ) {
-+if ( handle->buffer[0] ) { // the object pointer can be NULL and valid
-+LPDIRECTSOUND object = (LPDIRECTSOUND) handle->id[0];
-+LPDIRECTSOUNDBUFFER buffer = (LPDIRECTSOUNDBUFFER) handle->buffer[0];
-+if ( buffer ) buffer->Release();
-+object->Release();
-+}
-+if ( handle->buffer[1] ) {
-+LPDIRECTSOUNDCAPTURE object = (LPDIRECTSOUNDCAPTURE) handle->id[1];
-+LPDIRECTSOUNDCAPTUREBUFFER buffer = (LPDIRECTSOUNDCAPTUREBUFFER) handle->buffer[1];
-+if ( buffer ) buffer->Release();
-+object->Release();
-+}
-+CloseHandle( handle->condition );
-+delete handle;
-+stream_.apiHandle = 0;
-+}
-+
-+for ( int i=0; i<2; i++ ) {
-+if ( stream_.userBuffer[i] ) {
-+free( stream_.userBuffer[i] );
-+stream_.userBuffer[i] = 0;
-+}
-+}
-+
-+if ( stream_.deviceBuffer ) {
-+free( stream_.deviceBuffer );
-+stream_.deviceBuffer = 0;
-+}
-+
-+stream_.state = STREAM_CLOSED;
-+return FAILURE;
-+}
-+
-+void RtApiDs :: closeStream()
-+{
-+if ( stream_.state == STREAM_CLOSED ) {
-+errorText_ = "RtApiDs::closeStream(): no open stream to close!";
-+error( RtAudioError::WARNING );
-+return;
-+}
-+
-+// Stop the callback thread.
-+stream_.callbackInfo.isRunning = false;
-+WaitForSingleObject( (HANDLE) stream_.callbackInfo.thread, INFINITE );
-+CloseHandle( (HANDLE) stream_.callbackInfo.thread );
-+
-+DsHandle *handle = (DsHandle *) stream_.apiHandle;
-+if ( handle ) {
-+if ( handle->buffer[0] ) { // the object pointer can be NULL and valid
-+LPDIRECTSOUND object = (LPDIRECTSOUND) handle->id[0];
-+LPDIRECTSOUNDBUFFER buffer = (LPDIRECTSOUNDBUFFER) handle->buffer[0];
-+if ( buffer ) {
-+buffer->Stop();
-+buffer->Release();
-+}
-+object->Release();
-+}
-+if ( handle->buffer[1] ) {
-+LPDIRECTSOUNDCAPTURE object = (LPDIRECTSOUNDCAPTURE) handle->id[1];
-+LPDIRECTSOUNDCAPTUREBUFFER buffer = (LPDIRECTSOUNDCAPTUREBUFFER) handle->buffer[1];
-+if ( buffer ) {
-+buffer->Stop();
-+buffer->Release();
-+}
-+object->Release();
-+}
-+CloseHandle( handle->condition );
-+delete handle;
-+stream_.apiHandle = 0;
-+}
-+
-+for ( int i=0; i<2; i++ ) {
-+if ( stream_.userBuffer[i] ) {
-+free( stream_.userBuffer[i] );
-+stream_.userBuffer[i] = 0;
-+}
-+}
-+
-+if ( stream_.deviceBuffer ) {
-+free( stream_.deviceBuffer );
-+stream_.deviceBuffer = 0;
-+}
-+
-+stream_.mode = UNINITIALIZED;
-+stream_.state = STREAM_CLOSED;
-+}
-+
-+void RtApiDs :: startStream()
-+{
-+verifyStream();
-+if ( stream_.state == STREAM_RUNNING ) {
-+errorText_ = "RtApiDs::startStream(): the stream is already running!";
-+error( RtAudioError::WARNING );
-+return;
-+}
-+
-+DsHandle *handle = (DsHandle *) stream_.apiHandle;
-+
-+// Increase scheduler frequency on lesser windows (a side-effect of
-+// increasing timer accuracy).  On greater windows (Win2K or later),
-+// this is already in effect.
-+timeBeginPeriod( 1 ); 
-+
-+buffersRolling = false;
-+duplexPrerollBytes = 0;
-+
-+if ( stream_.mode == DUPLEX ) {
-+// 0.5 seconds of silence in DUPLEX mode while the devices spin up and synchronize.
-+duplexPrerollBytes = (int) ( 0.5 * stream_.sampleRate * formatBytes( stream_.deviceFormat[1] ) * stream_.nDeviceChannels[1] );
-+}
-+
-+HRESULT result = 0;
-+if ( stream_.mode == OUTPUT || stream_.mode == DUPLEX ) {
-+
-+LPDIRECTSOUNDBUFFER buffer = (LPDIRECTSOUNDBUFFER) handle->buffer[0];
-+result = buffer->Play( 0, 0, DSBPLAY_LOOPING );
-+if ( FAILED( result ) ) {
-+errorStream_ << "RtApiDs::startStream: error (" << getErrorString( result ) << ") starting output buffer!";
-+errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
-+goto unlock;
-+}
-+}
-+
-+if ( stream_.mode == INPUT || stream_.mode == DUPLEX ) {
-+
-+LPDIRECTSOUNDCAPTUREBUFFER buffer = (LPDIRECTSOUNDCAPTUREBUFFER) handle->buffer[1];
-+result = buffer->Start( DSCBSTART_LOOPING );
-+if ( FAILED( result ) ) {
-+errorStream_ << "RtApiDs::startStream: error (" << getErrorString( result ) << ") starting input buffer!";
-+errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
-+goto unlock;
-+}
-+}
-+
-+handle->drainCounter = 0;
-+handle->internalDrain = false;
-+ResetEvent( handle->condition );
-+stream_.state = STREAM_RUNNING;
-+
-+unlock:
-+if ( FAILED( result ) ) error( RtAudioError::SYSTEM_ERROR );
-+}
-+
-+void RtApiDs :: stopStream()
-+{
-+verifyStream();
-+if ( stream_.state == STREAM_STOPPED ) {
-+errorText_ = "RtApiDs::stopStream(): the stream is already stopped!";
-+error( RtAudioError::WARNING );
-+return;
-+}
-+
-+HRESULT result = 0;
-+LPVOID audioPtr;
-+DWORD dataLen;
-+DsHandle *handle = (DsHandle *) stream_.apiHandle;
-+if ( stream_.mode == OUTPUT || stream_.mode == DUPLEX ) {
-+if ( handle->drainCounter == 0 ) {
-+handle->drainCounter = 2;
-+WaitForSingleObject( handle->condition, INFINITE );  // block until signaled
-+}
-+
-+stream_.state = STREAM_STOPPED;
-+
-+MUTEX_LOCK( &stream_.mutex );
-+
-+// Stop the buffer and clear memory
-+LPDIRECTSOUNDBUFFER buffer = (LPDIRECTSOUNDBUFFER) handle->buffer[0];
-+result = buffer->Stop();
-+if ( FAILED( result ) ) {
-+errorStream_ << "RtApiDs::stopStream: error (" << getErrorString( result ) << ") stopping output buffer!";
-+errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
-+goto unlock;
-+}
-+
-+// Lock the buffer and clear it so that if we start to play again,
-+// we won't have old data playing.
-+result = buffer->Lock( 0, handle->dsBufferSize[0], &audioPtr, &dataLen, NULL, NULL, 0 );
-+if ( FAILED( result ) ) {
-+errorStream_ << "RtApiDs::stopStream: error (" << getErrorString( result ) << ") locking output buffer!";
-+errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
-+goto unlock;
-+}
-+
-+// Zero the DS buffer
-+ZeroMemory( audioPtr, dataLen );
-+
-+// Unlock the DS buffer
-+result = buffer->Unlock( audioPtr, dataLen, NULL, 0 );
-+if ( FAILED( result ) ) {
-+errorStream_ << "RtApiDs::stopStream: error (" << getErrorString( result ) << ") unlocking output buffer!";
-+errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
-+goto unlock;
-+}
-+
-+// If we start playing again, we must begin at beginning of buffer.
-+handle->bufferPointer[0] = 0;
-+}
-+
-+if ( stream_.mode == INPUT || stream_.mode == DUPLEX ) {
-+LPDIRECTSOUNDCAPTUREBUFFER buffer = (LPDIRECTSOUNDCAPTUREBUFFER) handle->buffer[1];
-+audioPtr = NULL;
-+dataLen = 0;
-+
-+stream_.state = STREAM_STOPPED;
-+
-+if ( stream_.mode != DUPLEX )
-+MUTEX_LOCK( &stream_.mutex );
-+
-+result = buffer->Stop();
-+if ( FAILED( result ) ) {
-+errorStream_ << "RtApiDs::stopStream: error (" << getErrorString( result ) << ") stopping input buffer!";
-+errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
-+goto unlock;
-+}
-+
-+// Lock the buffer and clear it so that if we start to play again,
-+// we won't have old data playing.
-+result = buffer->Lock( 0, handle->dsBufferSize[1], &audioPtr, &dataLen, NULL, NULL, 0 );
-+if ( FAILED( result ) ) {
-+errorStream_ << "RtApiDs::stopStream: error (" << getErrorString( result ) << ") locking input buffer!";
-+errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
-+goto unlock;
-+}
-+
-+// Zero the DS buffer
-+ZeroMemory( audioPtr, dataLen );
-+
-+// Unlock the DS buffer
-+result = buffer->Unlock( audioPtr, dataLen, NULL, 0 );
-+if ( FAILED( result ) ) {
-+errorStream_ << "RtApiDs::stopStream: error (" << getErrorString( result ) << ") unlocking input buffer!";
-+errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
-+goto unlock;
-+}
-+
-+// If we start recording again, we must begin at beginning of buffer.
-+handle->bufferPointer[1] = 0;
-+}
-+
-+unlock:
-+timeEndPeriod( 1 ); // revert to normal scheduler frequency on lesser windows.
-+MUTEX_UNLOCK( &stream_.mutex );
-+
-+if ( FAILED( result ) ) error( RtAudioError::SYSTEM_ERROR );
-+}
-+
-+void RtApiDs :: abortStream()
-+{
-+verifyStream();
-+if ( stream_.state == STREAM_STOPPED ) {
-+errorText_ = "RtApiDs::abortStream(): the stream is already stopped!";
-+error( RtAudioError::WARNING );
-+return;
-+}
-+
-+DsHandle *handle = (DsHandle *) stream_.apiHandle;
-+handle->drainCounter = 2;
-+
-+stopStream();
-+}
-+
-+void RtApiDs :: callbackEvent()
-+{
-+if ( stream_.state == STREAM_STOPPED || stream_.state == STREAM_STOPPING ) {
-+Sleep( 50 ); // sleep 50 milliseconds
-+return;
-+}
-+
-+if ( stream_.state == STREAM_CLOSED ) {
-+errorText_ = "RtApiDs::callbackEvent(): the stream is closed ... this shouldn't happen!";
-+error( RtAudioError::WARNING );
-+return;
-+}
-+
-+CallbackInfo *info = (CallbackInfo *) &stream_.callbackInfo;
-+DsHandle *handle = (DsHandle *) stream_.apiHandle;
-+
-+// Check if we were draining the stream and signal is finished.
-+if ( handle->drainCounter > stream_.nBuffers + 2 ) {
-+
-+stream_.state = STREAM_STOPPING;
-+if ( handle->internalDrain == false )
-+SetEvent( handle->condition );
-+else
-+stopStream();
-+return;
-+}
-+
-+// Invoke user callback to get fresh output data UNLESS we are
-+// draining stream.
-+if ( handle->drainCounter == 0 ) {
-+RtAudioCallback callback = (RtAudioCallback) info->callback;
-+double streamTime = getStreamTime();
-+RtAudioStreamStatus status = 0;
-+if ( stream_.mode != INPUT && handle->xrun[0] == true ) {
-+status |= RTAUDIO_OUTPUT_UNDERFLOW;
-+handle->xrun[0] = false;
-+}
-+if ( stream_.mode != OUTPUT && handle->xrun[1] == true ) {
-+status |= RTAUDIO_INPUT_OVERFLOW;
-+handle->xrun[1] = false;
-+}
-+int cbReturnValue = callback( stream_.userBuffer[0], stream_.userBuffer[1],
-+stream_.bufferSize, streamTime, status, info->userData );
-+if ( cbReturnValue == 2 ) {
-+stream_.state = STREAM_STOPPING;
-+handle->drainCounter = 2;
-+abortStream();
-+return;
-+}
-+else if ( cbReturnValue == 1 ) {
-+handle->drainCounter = 1;
-+handle->internalDrain = true;
-+}
-+}
-+
-+HRESULT result;
-+DWORD currentWritePointer, safeWritePointer;
-+DWORD currentReadPointer, safeReadPointer;
-+UINT nextWritePointer;
-+
-+LPVOID buffer1 = NULL;
-+LPVOID buffer2 = NULL;
-+DWORD bufferSize1 = 0;
-+DWORD bufferSize2 = 0;
-+
-+char *buffer;
-+long bufferBytes;
-+
-+MUTEX_LOCK( &stream_.mutex );
-+if ( stream_.state == STREAM_STOPPED ) {
-+MUTEX_UNLOCK( &stream_.mutex );
-+return;
-+}
-+
-+if ( buffersRolling == false ) {
-+if ( stream_.mode == DUPLEX ) {
-+//assert( handle->dsBufferSize[0] == handle->dsBufferSize[1] );
-+
-+// It takes a while for the devices to get rolling. As a result,
-+// there's no guarantee that the capture and write device pointers
-+// will move in lockstep.  Wait here for both devices to start
-+// rolling, and then set our buffer pointers accordingly.
-+// e.g. Crystal Drivers: the capture buffer starts up 5700 to 9600
-+// bytes later than the write buffer.
-+
-+// Stub: a serious risk of having a pre-emptive scheduling round
-+// take place between the two GetCurrentPosition calls... but I'm
-+// really not sure how to solve the problem.  Temporarily boost to
-+// Realtime priority, maybe; but I'm not sure what priority the
-+// DirectSound service threads run at. We *should* be roughly
-+// within a ms or so of correct.
-+
-+LPDIRECTSOUNDBUFFER dsWriteBuffer = (LPDIRECTSOUNDBUFFER) handle->buffer[0];
-+LPDIRECTSOUNDCAPTUREBUFFER dsCaptureBuffer = (LPDIRECTSOUNDCAPTUREBUFFER) handle->buffer[1];
-+
-+DWORD startSafeWritePointer, startSafeReadPointer;
-+
-+result = dsWriteBuffer->GetCurrentPosition( NULL, &startSafeWritePointer );
-+if ( FAILED( result ) ) {
-+errorStream_ << "RtApiDs::callbackEvent: error (" << getErrorString( result ) << ") getting current write position!";
-+errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
-+MUTEX_UNLOCK( &stream_.mutex );
-+error( RtAudioError::SYSTEM_ERROR );
-+return;
-+}
-+result = dsCaptureBuffer->GetCurrentPosition( NULL, &startSafeReadPointer );
-+if ( FAILED( result ) ) {
-+errorStream_ << "RtApiDs::callbackEvent: error (" << getErrorString( result ) << ") getting current read position!";
-+errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
-+MUTEX_UNLOCK( &stream_.mutex );
-+error( RtAudioError::SYSTEM_ERROR );
-+return;
-+}
-+while ( true ) {
-+result = dsWriteBuffer->GetCurrentPosition( NULL, &safeWritePointer );
-+if ( FAILED( result ) ) {
-+errorStream_ << "RtApiDs::callbackEvent: error (" << getErrorString( result ) << ") getting current write position!";
-+errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
-+MUTEX_UNLOCK( &stream_.mutex );
-+error( RtAudioError::SYSTEM_ERROR );
-+return;
-+}
-+result = dsCaptureBuffer->GetCurrentPosition( NULL, &safeReadPointer );
-+if ( FAILED( result ) ) {
-+errorStream_ << "RtApiDs::callbackEvent: error (" << getErrorString( result ) << ") getting current read position!";
-+errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
-+MUTEX_UNLOCK( &stream_.mutex );
-+error( RtAudioError::SYSTEM_ERROR );
-+return;
-+}
-+if ( safeWritePointer != startSafeWritePointer && safeReadPointer != startSafeReadPointer ) break;
-+Sleep( 1 );
-+}
-+
-+//assert( handle->dsBufferSize[0] == handle->dsBufferSize[1] );
-+
-+handle->bufferPointer[0] = safeWritePointer + handle->dsPointerLeadTime[0];
-+if ( handle->bufferPointer[0] >= handle->dsBufferSize[0] ) handle->bufferPointer[0] -= handle->dsBufferSize[0];
-+handle->bufferPointer[1] = safeReadPointer;
-+}
-+else if ( stream_.mode == OUTPUT ) {
-+
-+// Set the proper nextWritePosition after initial startup.
-+LPDIRECTSOUNDBUFFER dsWriteBuffer = (LPDIRECTSOUNDBUFFER) handle->buffer[0];
-+result = dsWriteBuffer->GetCurrentPosition( &currentWritePointer, &safeWritePointer );
-+if ( FAILED( result ) ) {
-+errorStream_ << "RtApiDs::callbackEvent: error (" << getErrorString( result ) << ") getting current write position!";
-+errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
-+MUTEX_UNLOCK( &stream_.mutex );
-+error( RtAudioError::SYSTEM_ERROR );
-+return;
-+}
-+handle->bufferPointer[0] = safeWritePointer + handle->dsPointerLeadTime[0];
-+if ( handle->bufferPointer[0] >= handle->dsBufferSize[0] ) handle->bufferPointer[0] -= handle->dsBufferSize[0];
-+}
-+
-+buffersRolling = true;
-+}
-+
-+if ( stream_.mode == OUTPUT || stream_.mode == DUPLEX ) {
-+
-+LPDIRECTSOUNDBUFFER dsBuffer = (LPDIRECTSOUNDBUFFER) handle->buffer[0];
-+
-+if ( handle->drainCounter > 1 ) { // write zeros to the output stream
-+bufferBytes = stream_.bufferSize * stream_.nUserChannels[0];
-+bufferBytes *= formatBytes( stream_.userFormat );
-+memset( stream_.userBuffer[0], 0, bufferBytes );
-+}
-+
-+// Setup parameters and do buffer conversion if necessary.
-+if ( stream_.doConvertBuffer[0] ) {
-+buffer = stream_.deviceBuffer;
-+convertBuffer( buffer, stream_.userBuffer[0], stream_.convertInfo[0] );
-+bufferBytes = stream_.bufferSize * stream_.nDeviceChannels[0];
-+bufferBytes *= formatBytes( stream_.deviceFormat[0] );
-+}
-+else {
-+buffer = stream_.userBuffer[0];
-+bufferBytes = stream_.bufferSize * stream_.nUserChannels[0];
-+bufferBytes *= formatBytes( stream_.userFormat );
-+}
-+
-+// No byte swapping necessary in DirectSound implementation.
-+
-+// Ahhh ... windoze.  16-bit data is signed but 8-bit data is
-+// unsigned.  So, we need to convert our signed 8-bit data here to
-+// unsigned.
-+if ( stream_.deviceFormat[0] == RTAUDIO_SINT8 )
-+for ( int i=0; i<bufferBytes; i++ ) buffer[i] = (unsigned char) ( buffer[i] + 128 );
-+
-+DWORD dsBufferSize = handle->dsBufferSize[0];
-+nextWritePointer = handle->bufferPointer[0];
-+
-+DWORD endWrite, leadPointer;
-+while ( true ) {
-+// Find out where the read and "safe write" pointers are.
-+result = dsBuffer->GetCurrentPosition( &currentWritePointer, &safeWritePointer );
-+if ( FAILED( result ) ) {
-+errorStream_ << "RtApiDs::callbackEvent: error (" << getErrorString( result ) << ") getting current write position!";
-+errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
-+MUTEX_UNLOCK( &stream_.mutex );
-+error( RtAudioError::SYSTEM_ERROR );
-+return;
-+}
-+
-+// We will copy our output buffer into the region between
-+// safeWritePointer and leadPointer.  If leadPointer is not
-+// beyond the next endWrite position, wait until it is.
-+leadPointer = safeWritePointer + handle->dsPointerLeadTime[0];
-+//std::cout << "safeWritePointer = " << safeWritePointer << ", leadPointer = " << leadPointer << ", nextWritePointer = " << nextWritePointer << std::endl;
-+if ( leadPointer > dsBufferSize ) leadPointer -= dsBufferSize;
-+if ( leadPointer < nextWritePointer ) leadPointer += dsBufferSize; // unwrap offset
-+endWrite = nextWritePointer + bufferBytes;
-+
-+// Check whether the entire write region is behind the play pointer.
-+if ( leadPointer >= endWrite ) break;
-+
-+// If we are here, then we must wait until the leadPointer advances
-+// beyond the end of our next write region. We use the
-+// Sleep() function to suspend operation until that happens.
-+double millis = ( endWrite - leadPointer ) * 1000.0;
-+millis /= ( formatBytes( stream_.deviceFormat[0]) * stream_.nDeviceChannels[0] * stream_.sampleRate);
-+if ( millis < 1.0 ) millis = 1.0;
-+Sleep( (DWORD) millis );
-+}
-+
-+if ( dsPointerBetween( nextWritePointer, safeWritePointer, currentWritePointer, dsBufferSize )
-+|| dsPointerBetween( endWrite, safeWritePointer, currentWritePointer, dsBufferSize ) ) { 
-+// We've strayed into the forbidden zone ... resync the read pointer.
-+handle->xrun[0] = true;
-+nextWritePointer = safeWritePointer + handle->dsPointerLeadTime[0] - bufferBytes;
-+if ( nextWritePointer >= dsBufferSize ) nextWritePointer -= dsBufferSize;
-+handle->bufferPointer[0] = nextWritePointer;
-+endWrite = nextWritePointer + bufferBytes;
-+}
-+
-+// Lock free space in the buffer
-+result = dsBuffer->Lock( nextWritePointer, bufferBytes, &buffer1,
-+&bufferSize1, &buffer2, &bufferSize2, 0 );
-+if ( FAILED( result ) ) {
-+errorStream_ << "RtApiDs::callbackEvent: error (" << getErrorString( result ) << ") locking buffer during playback!";
-+errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
-+MUTEX_UNLOCK( &stream_.mutex );
-+error( RtAudioError::SYSTEM_ERROR );
-+return;
-+}
-+
-+// Copy our buffer into the DS buffer
-+CopyMemory( buffer1, buffer, bufferSize1 );
-+if ( buffer2 != NULL ) CopyMemory( buffer2, buffer+bufferSize1, bufferSize2 );
-+
-+// Update our buffer offset and unlock sound buffer
-+dsBuffer->Unlock( buffer1, bufferSize1, buffer2, bufferSize2 );
-+if ( FAILED( result ) ) {
-+errorStream_ << "RtApiDs::callbackEvent: error (" << getErrorString( result ) << ") unlocking buffer during playback!";
-+errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
-+MUTEX_UNLOCK( &stream_.mutex );
-+error( RtAudioError::SYSTEM_ERROR );
-+return;
-+}
-+nextWritePointer = ( nextWritePointer + bufferSize1 + bufferSize2 ) % dsBufferSize;
-+handle->bufferPointer[0] = nextWritePointer;
-+}
-+
-+// Don't bother draining input
-+if ( handle->drainCounter ) {
-+handle->drainCounter++;
-+goto unlock;
-+}
-+
-+if ( stream_.mode == INPUT || stream_.mode == DUPLEX ) {
-+
-+// Setup parameters.
-+if ( stream_.doConvertBuffer[1] ) {
-+buffer = stream_.deviceBuffer;
-+bufferBytes = stream_.bufferSize * stream_.nDeviceChannels[1];
-+bufferBytes *= formatBytes( stream_.deviceFormat[1] );
-+}
-+else {
-+buffer = stream_.userBuffer[1];
-+bufferBytes = stream_.bufferSize * stream_.nUserChannels[1];
-+bufferBytes *= formatBytes( stream_.userFormat );
-+}
-+
-+LPDIRECTSOUNDCAPTUREBUFFER dsBuffer = (LPDIRECTSOUNDCAPTUREBUFFER) handle->buffer[1];
-+long nextReadPointer = handle->bufferPointer[1];
-+DWORD dsBufferSize = handle->dsBufferSize[1];
-+
-+// Find out where the write and "safe read" pointers are.
-+result = dsBuffer->GetCurrentPosition( &currentReadPointer, &safeReadPointer );
-+if ( FAILED( result ) ) {
-+errorStream_ << "RtApiDs::callbackEvent: error (" << getErrorString( result ) << ") getting current read position!";
-+errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
-+MUTEX_UNLOCK( &stream_.mutex );
-+error( RtAudioError::SYSTEM_ERROR );
-+return;
-+}
-+
-+if ( safeReadPointer < (DWORD)nextReadPointer ) safeReadPointer += dsBufferSize; // unwrap offset
-+DWORD endRead = nextReadPointer + bufferBytes;
-+
-+// Handling depends on whether we are INPUT or DUPLEX. 
-+// If we're in INPUT mode then waiting is a good thing. If we're in DUPLEX mode,
-+// then a wait here will drag the write pointers into the forbidden zone.
-+// 
-+// In DUPLEX mode, rather than wait, we will back off the read pointer until 
-+// it's in a safe position. This causes dropouts, but it seems to be the only 
-+// practical way to sync up the read and write pointers reliably, given the 
-+// the very complex relationship between phase and increment of the read and write 
-+// pointers.
-+//
-+// In order to minimize audible dropouts in DUPLEX mode, we will
-+// provide a pre-roll period of 0.5 seconds in which we return
-+// zeros from the read buffer while the pointers sync up.
-+
-+if ( stream_.mode == DUPLEX ) {
-+if ( safeReadPointer < endRead ) {
-+if ( duplexPrerollBytes <= 0 ) {
-+// Pre-roll time over. Be more agressive.
-+int adjustment = endRead-safeReadPointer;
-+
-+handle->xrun[1] = true;
-+// Two cases:
-+//   - large adjustments: we've probably run out of CPU cycles, so just resync exactly,
-+//     and perform fine adjustments later.
-+//   - small adjustments: back off by twice as much.
-+if ( adjustment >= 2*bufferBytes )
-+nextReadPointer = safeReadPointer-2*bufferBytes;
-+else
-+nextReadPointer = safeReadPointer-bufferBytes-adjustment;
-+
-+if ( nextReadPointer < 0 ) nextReadPointer += dsBufferSize;
-+
-+}
-+else {
-+// In pre=roll time. Just do it.
-+nextReadPointer = safeReadPointer - bufferBytes;
-+while ( nextReadPointer < 0 ) nextReadPointer += dsBufferSize;
-+}
-+endRead = nextReadPointer + bufferBytes;
-+}
-+}
-+else { // mode == INPUT
-+while ( safeReadPointer < endRead && stream_.callbackInfo.isRunning ) {
-+// See comments for playback.
-+double millis = (endRead - safeReadPointer) * 1000.0;
-+millis /= ( formatBytes(stream_.deviceFormat[1]) * stream_.nDeviceChannels[1] * stream_.sampleRate);
-+if ( millis < 1.0 ) millis = 1.0;
-+Sleep( (DWORD) millis );
-+
-+// Wake up and find out where we are now.
-+result = dsBuffer->GetCurrentPosition( &currentReadPointer, &safeReadPointer );
-+if ( FAILED( result ) ) {
-+errorStream_ << "RtApiDs::callbackEvent: error (" << getErrorString( result ) << ") getting current read position!";
-+errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
-+MUTEX_UNLOCK( &stream_.mutex );
-+error( RtAudioError::SYSTEM_ERROR );
-+return;
-+}
-+
-+if ( safeReadPointer < (DWORD)nextReadPointer ) safeReadPointer += dsBufferSize; // unwrap offset
-+}
-+}
-+
-+// Lock free space in the buffer
-+result = dsBuffer->Lock( nextReadPointer, bufferBytes, &buffer1,
-+&bufferSize1, &buffer2, &bufferSize2, 0 );
-+if ( FAILED( result ) ) {
-+errorStream_ << "RtApiDs::callbackEvent: error (" << getErrorString( result ) << ") locking capture buffer!";
-+errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
-+MUTEX_UNLOCK( &stream_.mutex );
-+error( RtAudioError::SYSTEM_ERROR );
-+return;
-+}
-+
-+if ( duplexPrerollBytes <= 0 ) {
-+// Copy our buffer into the DS buffer
-+CopyMemory( buffer, buffer1, bufferSize1 );
-+if ( buffer2 != NULL ) CopyMemory( buffer+bufferSize1, buffer2, bufferSize2 );
-+}
-+else {
-+memset( buffer, 0, bufferSize1 );
-+if ( buffer2 != NULL ) memset( buffer + bufferSize1, 0, bufferSize2 );
-+duplexPrerollBytes -= bufferSize1 + bufferSize2;
-+}
-+
-+// Update our buffer offset and unlock sound buffer
-+nextReadPointer = ( nextReadPointer + bufferSize1 + bufferSize2 ) % dsBufferSize;
-+dsBuffer->Unlock( buffer1, bufferSize1, buffer2, bufferSize2 );
-+if ( FAILED( result ) ) {
-+errorStream_ << "RtApiDs::callbackEvent: error (" << getErrorString( result ) << ") unlocking capture buffer!";
-+errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
-+MUTEX_UNLOCK( &stream_.mutex );
-+error( RtAudioError::SYSTEM_ERROR );
-+return;
-+}
-+handle->bufferPointer[1] = nextReadPointer;
-+
-+// No byte swapping necessary in DirectSound implementation.
-+
-+// If necessary, convert 8-bit data from unsigned to signed.
-+if ( stream_.deviceFormat[1] == RTAUDIO_SINT8 )
-+for ( int j=0; j<bufferBytes; j++ ) buffer[j] = (signed char) ( buffer[j] - 128 );
-+
-+// Do buffer conversion if necessary.
-+if ( stream_.doConvertBuffer[1] )
-+convertBuffer( stream_.userBuffer[1], stream_.deviceBuffer, stream_.convertInfo[1] );
-+}
-+
-+unlock:
-+MUTEX_UNLOCK( &stream_.mutex );
-+RtApi::tickStreamTime();
-+}
-+
-+// Definitions for utility functions and callbacks
-+// specific to the DirectSound implementation.
-+
-+static unsigned __stdcall callbackHandler( void *ptr )
-+{
-+CallbackInfo *info = (CallbackInfo *) ptr;
-+RtApiDs *object = (RtApiDs *) info->object;
-+bool* isRunning = &info->isRunning;
-+
-+while ( *isRunning == true ) {
-+object->callbackEvent();
-+}
-+
-+_endthreadex( 0 );
-+return 0;
-+}
-+
-+static BOOL CALLBACK deviceQueryCallback( LPGUID lpguid,
-+LPCTSTR description,
-+LPCTSTR /*module*/,
-+LPVOID lpContext )
-+{
-+struct DsProbeData& probeInfo = *(struct DsProbeData*) lpContext;
-+std::vector<struct DsDevice>& dsDevices = *probeInfo.dsDevices;
-+
-+HRESULT hr;
-+bool validDevice = false;
-+if ( probeInfo.isInput == true ) {
-+DSCCAPS caps;
-+LPDIRECTSOUNDCAPTURE object;
-+
-+hr = DirectSoundCaptureCreate(  lpguid, &object,   NULL );
-+if ( hr != DS_OK ) return TRUE;
-+
-+caps.dwSize = sizeof(caps);
-+hr = object->GetCaps( &caps );
-+if ( hr == DS_OK ) {
-+if ( caps.dwChannels > 0 && caps.dwFormats > 0 )
-+validDevice = true;
-+}
-+object->Release();
-+}
-+else {
-+DSCAPS caps;
-+LPDIRECTSOUND object;
-+hr = DirectSoundCreate(  lpguid, &object,   NULL );
-+if ( hr != DS_OK ) return TRUE;
-+
-+caps.dwSize = sizeof(caps);
-+hr = object->GetCaps( &caps );
-+if ( hr == DS_OK ) {
-+if ( caps.dwFlags & DSCAPS_PRIMARYMONO || caps.dwFlags & DSCAPS_PRIMARYSTEREO )
-+validDevice = true;
-+}
-+object->Release();
-+}
-+
-+// If good device, then save its name and guid.
-+std::string name = convertCharPointerToStdString( description );
-+//if ( name == "Primary Sound Driver" || name == "Primary Sound Capture Driver" )
-+if ( lpguid == NULL )
-+name = "Default Device";
-+if ( validDevice ) {
-+for ( unsigned int i=0; i<dsDevices.size(); i++ ) {
-+if ( dsDevices[i].name == name ) {
-+dsDevices[i].found = true;
-+if ( probeInfo.isInput ) {
-+dsDevices[i].id[1] = lpguid;
-+dsDevices[i].validId[1] = true;
-+}
-+else {
-+dsDevices[i].id[0] = lpguid;
-+dsDevices[i].validId[0] = true;
-+}
-+return TRUE;
-+}
-+}
-+
-+DsDevice device;
-+device.name = name;
-+device.found = true;
-+if ( probeInfo.isInput ) {
-+device.id[1] = lpguid;
-+device.validId[1] = true;
-+}
-+else {
-+device.id[0] = lpguid;
-+device.validId[0] = true;
-+}
-+dsDevices.push_back( device );
-+}
-+
-+return TRUE;
-+}
-+
-+static const char* getErrorString( int code )
-+{
-+switch ( code ) {
-+
-+case DSERR_ALLOCATED:
-+return "Already allocated";
-+
-+case DSERR_CONTROLUNAVAIL:
-+return "Control unavailable";
-+
-+case DSERR_INVALIDPARAM:
-+return "Invalid parameter";
-+
-+case DSERR_INVALIDCALL:
-+return "Invalid call";
-+
-+case DSERR_GENERIC:
-+return "Generic error";
-+
-+case DSERR_PRIOLEVELNEEDED:
-+return "Priority level needed";
-+
-+case DSERR_OUTOFMEMORY:
-+return "Out of memory";
-+
-+case DSERR_BADFORMAT:
-+return "The sample rate or the channel format is not supported";
-+
-+case DSERR_UNSUPPORTED:
-+return "Not supported";
-+
-+case DSERR_NODRIVER:
-+return "No driver";
-+
-+case DSERR_ALREADYINITIALIZED:
-+return "Already initialized";
-+
-+case DSERR_NOAGGREGATION:
-+return "No aggregation";
-+
-+case DSERR_BUFFERLOST:
-+return "Buffer lost";
-+
-+case DSERR_OTHERAPPHASPRIO:
-+return "Another application already has priority";
-+
-+case DSERR_UNINITIALIZED:
-+return "Uninitialized";
-+
-+default:
-+return "DirectSound unknown error";
-+}
-+}
-+//******************** End of __WINDOWS_DS__ *********************//
-+#endif
-+
-+
-+#if defined(__LINUX_ALSA__)
-+
-+#include <alsa/asoundlib.h>
-+#include <unistd.h>
-+
-+// A structure to hold various information related to the ALSA API
-+// implementation.
-+struct AlsaHandle {
-+snd_pcm_t *handles[2];
-+bool synchronized;
-+bool xrun[2];
-+pthread_cond_t runnable_cv;
-+bool runnable;
-+
-+AlsaHandle()
-+:synchronized(false), runnable(false) { xrun[0] = false; xrun[1] = false; }
-+};
-+
-+static void *alsaCallbackHandler( void * ptr );
-+
-+RtApiAlsa :: RtApiAlsa()
-+{
-+// Nothing to do here.
-+}
-+
-+RtApiAlsa :: ~RtApiAlsa()
-+{
-+if ( stream_.state != STREAM_CLOSED ) closeStream();
-+}
-+
-+unsigned int RtApiAlsa :: getDeviceCount( void )
-+{
-+unsigned nDevices = 0;
-+int result, subdevice, card;
-+char name[64];
-+snd_ctl_t *handle;
-+
-+// Count cards and devices
-+card = -1;
-+snd_card_next( &card );
-+while ( card >= 0 ) {
-+sprintf( name, "hw:%d", card );
-+result = snd_ctl_open( &handle, name, 0 );
-+if ( result < 0 ) {
-+errorStream_ << "RtApiAlsa::getDeviceCount: control open, card = " << card << ", " << snd_strerror( result ) << ".";
-+errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
-+error( RtAudioError::WARNING );
-+goto nextcard;
-+}
-+subdevice = -1;
-+while( 1 ) {
-+result = snd_ctl_pcm_next_device( handle, &subdevice );
-+if ( result < 0 ) {
-+errorStream_ << "RtApiAlsa::getDeviceCount: control next device, card = " << card << ", " << snd_strerror( result ) << ".";
-+errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
-+error( RtAudioError::WARNING );
-+break;
-+}
-+if ( subdevice < 0 )
-+break;
-+nDevices++;
-+}
-+nextcard:
-+snd_ctl_close( handle );
-+snd_card_next( &card );
-+}
-+
-+result = snd_ctl_open( &handle, "default", 0 );
-+if (result == 0) {
-+nDevices++;
-+snd_ctl_close( handle );
-+}
-+
-+return nDevices;
-+}
-+
-+RtAudio::DeviceInfo RtApiAlsa :: getDeviceInfo( unsigned int device )
-+{
-+RtAudio::DeviceInfo info;
-+info.probed = false;
-+
-+unsigned nDevices = 0;
-+int result, subdevice, card;
-+char name[64];
-+snd_ctl_t *chandle;
-+
-+// Count cards and devices
-+card = -1;
-+subdevice = -1;
-+snd_card_next( &card );
-+while ( card >= 0 ) {
-+sprintf( name, "hw:%d", card );
-+result = snd_ctl_open( &chandle, name, SND_CTL_NONBLOCK );
-+if ( result < 0 ) {
-+errorStream_ << "RtApiAlsa::getDeviceInfo: control open, card = " << card << ", " << snd_strerror( result ) << ".";
-+errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
-+error( RtAudioError::WARNING );
-+goto nextcard;
-+}
-+subdevice = -1;
-+while( 1 ) {
-+result = snd_ctl_pcm_next_device( chandle, &subdevice );
-+if ( result < 0 ) {
-+errorStream_ << "RtApiAlsa::getDeviceInfo: control next device, card = " << card << ", " << snd_strerror( result ) << ".";
-+errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
-+error( RtAudioError::WARNING );
-+break;
-+}
-+if ( subdevice < 0 ) break;
-+if ( nDevices == device ) {
-+sprintf( name, "hw:%d,%d", card, subdevice );
-+goto foundDevice;
-+}
-+nDevices++;
-+}
-+nextcard:
-+snd_ctl_close( chandle );
-+snd_card_next( &card );
-+}
-+
-+result = snd_ctl_open( &chandle, "default", SND_CTL_NONBLOCK );
-+if ( result == 0 ) {
-+if ( nDevices == device ) {
-+strcpy( name, "default" );
-+goto foundDevice;
-+}
-+nDevices++;
-+}
-+
-+if ( nDevices == 0 ) {
-+errorText_ = "RtApiAlsa::getDeviceInfo: no devices found!";
-+error( RtAudioError::INVALID_USE );
-+return info;
-+}
-+
-+if ( device >= nDevices ) {
-+errorText_ = "RtApiAlsa::getDeviceInfo: device ID is invalid!";
-+error( RtAudioError::INVALID_USE );
-+return info;
-+}
-+
-+foundDevice:
-+
-+// If a stream is already open, we cannot probe the stream devices.
-+// Thus, use the saved results.
-+if ( stream_.state != STREAM_CLOSED &&
-+( stream_.device[0] == device || stream_.device[1] == device ) ) {
-+snd_ctl_close( chandle );
-+if ( device >= devices_.size() ) {
-+errorText_ = "RtApiAlsa::getDeviceInfo: device ID was not present before stream was opened.";
-+error( RtAudioError::WARNING );
-+return info;
-+}
-+return devices_[ device ];
-+}
-+
-+int openMode = SND_PCM_ASYNC;
-+snd_pcm_stream_t stream;
-+snd_pcm_info_t *pcminfo;
-+snd_pcm_info_alloca( &pcminfo );
-+snd_pcm_t *phandle;
-+snd_pcm_hw_params_t *params;
-+snd_pcm_hw_params_alloca( &params );
-+
-+// First try for playback unless default device (which has subdev -1)
-+stream = SND_PCM_STREAM_PLAYBACK;
-+snd_pcm_info_set_stream( pcminfo, stream );
-+if ( subdevice != -1 ) {
-+snd_pcm_info_set_device( pcminfo, subdevice );
-+snd_pcm_info_set_subdevice( pcminfo, 0 );
-+
-+result = snd_ctl_pcm_info( chandle, pcminfo );
-+if ( result < 0 ) {
-+// Device probably doesn't support playback.
-+goto captureProbe;
-+}
-+}
-+
-+result = snd_pcm_open( &phandle, name, stream, openMode | SND_PCM_NONBLOCK );
-+if ( result < 0 ) {
-+errorStream_ << "RtApiAlsa::getDeviceInfo: snd_pcm_open error for device (" << name << "), " << snd_strerror( result ) << ".";
-+errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
-+error( RtAudioError::WARNING );
-+goto captureProbe;
-+}
-+
-+// The device is open ... fill the parameter structure.
-+result = snd_pcm_hw_params_any( phandle, params );
-+if ( result < 0 ) {
-+snd_pcm_close( phandle );
-+errorStream_ << "RtApiAlsa::getDeviceInfo: snd_pcm_hw_params error for device (" << name << "), " << snd_strerror( result ) << ".";
-+errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
-+error( RtAudioError::WARNING );
-+goto captureProbe;
-+}
-+
-+// Get output channel information.
-+unsigned int value;
-+result = snd_pcm_hw_params_get_channels_max( params, &value );
-+if ( result < 0 ) {
-+snd_pcm_close( phandle );
-+errorStream_ << "RtApiAlsa::getDeviceInfo: error getting device (" << name << ") output channels, " << snd_strerror( result ) << ".";
-+errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
-+error( RtAudioError::WARNING );
-+goto captureProbe;
-+}
-+info.outputChannels = value;
-+snd_pcm_close( phandle );
-+
-+captureProbe:
-+stream = SND_PCM_STREAM_CAPTURE;
-+snd_pcm_info_set_stream( pcminfo, stream );
-+
-+// Now try for capture unless default device (with subdev = -1)
-+if ( subdevice != -1 ) {
-+result = snd_ctl_pcm_info( chandle, pcminfo );
-+snd_ctl_close( chandle );
-+if ( result < 0 ) {
-+// Device probably doesn't support capture.
-+if ( info.outputChannels == 0 ) return info;
-+goto probeParameters;
-+}
-+}
-+else
-+snd_ctl_close( chandle );
-+
-+result = snd_pcm_open( &phandle, name, stream, openMode | SND_PCM_NONBLOCK);
-+if ( result < 0 ) {
-+errorStream_ << "RtApiAlsa::getDeviceInfo: snd_pcm_open error for device (" << name << "), " << snd_strerror( result ) << ".";
-+errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
-+error( RtAudioError::WARNING );
-+if ( info.outputChannels == 0 ) return info;
-+goto probeParameters;
-+}
-+
-+// The device is open ... fill the parameter structure.
-+result = snd_pcm_hw_params_any( phandle, params );
-+if ( result < 0 ) {
-+snd_pcm_close( phandle );
-+errorStream_ << "RtApiAlsa::getDeviceInfo: snd_pcm_hw_params error for device (" << name << "), " << snd_strerror( result ) << ".";
-+errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
-+error( RtAudioError::WARNING );
-+if ( info.outputChannels == 0 ) return info;
-+goto probeParameters;
-+}
-+
-+result = snd_pcm_hw_params_get_channels_max( params, &value );
-+if ( result < 0 ) {
-+snd_pcm_close( phandle );
-+errorStream_ << "RtApiAlsa::getDeviceInfo: error getting device (" << name << ") input channels, " << snd_strerror( result ) << ".";
-+errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
-+error( RtAudioError::WARNING );
-+if ( info.outputChannels == 0 ) return info;
-+goto probeParameters;
-+}
-+info.inputChannels = value;
-+snd_pcm_close( phandle );
-+
-+// If device opens for both playback and capture, we determine the channels.
-+if ( info.outputChannels > 0 && info.inputChannels > 0 )
-+info.duplexChannels = (info.outputChannels > info.inputChannels) ? info.inputChannels : info.outputChannels;
-+
-+// ALSA doesn't provide default devices so we'll use the first available one.
-+if ( device == 0 && info.outputChannels > 0 )
-+info.isDefaultOutput = true;
-+if ( device == 0 && info.inputChannels > 0 )
-+info.isDefaultInput = true;
-+
-+probeParameters:
-+// At this point, we just need to figure out the supported data
-+// formats and sample rates.  We'll proceed by opening the device in
-+// the direction with the maximum number of channels, or playback if
-+// they are equal.  This might limit our sample rate options, but so
-+// be it.
-+
-+if ( info.outputChannels >= info.inputChannels )
-+stream = SND_PCM_STREAM_PLAYBACK;
-+else
-+stream = SND_PCM_STREAM_CAPTURE;
-+snd_pcm_info_set_stream( pcminfo, stream );
-+
-+result = snd_pcm_open( &phandle, name, stream, openMode | SND_PCM_NONBLOCK);
-+if ( result < 0 ) {
-+errorStream_ << "RtApiAlsa::getDeviceInfo: snd_pcm_open error for device (" << name << "), " << snd_strerror( result ) << ".";
-+errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
-+error( RtAudioError::WARNING );
-+return info;
-+}
-+
-+// The device is open ... fill the parameter structure.
-+result = snd_pcm_hw_params_any( phandle, params );
-+if ( result < 0 ) {
-+snd_pcm_close( phandle );
-+errorStream_ << "RtApiAlsa::getDeviceInfo: snd_pcm_hw_params error for device (" << name << "), " << snd_strerror( result ) << ".";
-+errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
-+error( RtAudioError::WARNING );
-+return info;
-+}
-+
-+// Test our discrete set of sample rate values.
-+info.sampleRates.clear();
-+for ( unsigned int i=0; i<MAX_SAMPLE_RATES; i++ ) {
-+if ( snd_pcm_hw_params_test_rate( phandle, params, SAMPLE_RATES[i], 0 ) == 0 ) {
-+info.sampleRates.push_back( SAMPLE_RATES[i] );
-+
-+if ( !info.preferredSampleRate || ( SAMPLE_RATES[i] <= 48000 && SAMPLE_RATES[i] > info.preferredSampleRate ) )
-+info.preferredSampleRate = SAMPLE_RATES[i];
-+}
-+}
-+if ( info.sampleRates.size() == 0 ) {
-+snd_pcm_close( phandle );
-+errorStream_ << "RtApiAlsa::getDeviceInfo: no supported sample rates found for device (" << name << ").";
-+errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
-+error( RtAudioError::WARNING );
-+return info;
-+}
-+
-+// Probe the supported data formats ... we don't care about endian-ness just yet
-+snd_pcm_format_t format;
-+info.nativeFormats = 0;
-+format = SND_PCM_FORMAT_S8;
-+if ( snd_pcm_hw_params_test_format( phandle, params, format ) == 0 )
-+info.nativeFormats |= RTAUDIO_SINT8;
-+format = SND_PCM_FORMAT_S16;
-+if ( snd_pcm_hw_params_test_format( phandle, params, format ) == 0 )
-+info.nativeFormats |= RTAUDIO_SINT16;
-+format = SND_PCM_FORMAT_S24;
-+if ( snd_pcm_hw_params_test_format( phandle, params, format ) == 0 )
-+info.nativeFormats |= RTAUDIO_SINT24;
-+format = SND_PCM_FORMAT_S32;
-+if ( snd_pcm_hw_params_test_format( phandle, params, format ) == 0 )
-+info.nativeFormats |= RTAUDIO_SINT32;
-+format = SND_PCM_FORMAT_FLOAT;
-+if ( snd_pcm_hw_params_test_format( phandle, params, format ) == 0 )
-+info.nativeFormats |= RTAUDIO_FLOAT32;
-+format = SND_PCM_FORMAT_FLOAT64;
-+if ( snd_pcm_hw_params_test_format( phandle, params, format ) == 0 )
-+info.nativeFormats |= RTAUDIO_FLOAT64;
-+
-+// Check that we have at least one supported format
-+if ( info.nativeFormats == 0 ) {
-+snd_pcm_close( phandle );
-+errorStream_ << "RtApiAlsa::getDeviceInfo: pcm device (" << name << ") data format not supported by RtAudio.";
-+errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
-+error( RtAudioError::WARNING );
-+return info;
-+}
-+
-+// Get the device name
-+char *cardname;
-+result = snd_card_get_name( card, &cardname );
-+if ( result >= 0 ) {
-+sprintf( name, "hw:%s,%d", cardname, subdevice );
-+free( cardname );
-+}
-+info.name = name;
-+
-+// That's all ... close the device and return
-+snd_pcm_close( phandle );
-+info.probed = true;
-+return info;
-+}
-+
-+void RtApiAlsa :: saveDeviceInfo( void )
-+{
-+devices_.clear();
-+
-+unsigned int nDevices = getDeviceCount();
-+devices_.resize( nDevices );
-+for ( unsigned int i=0; i<nDevices; i++ )
-+devices_[i] = getDeviceInfo( i );
-+}
-+
-+bool RtApiAlsa :: probeDeviceOpen( unsigned int device, StreamMode mode, unsigned int channels,
-+unsigned int firstChannel, unsigned int sampleRate,
-+RtAudioFormat format, unsigned int *bufferSize,
-+RtAudio::StreamOptions *options )
-+
-+{
-+#if defined(__RTAUDIO_DEBUG__)
-+snd_output_t *out;
-+snd_output_stdio_attach(&out, stderr, 0);
-+#endif
-+
-+// I'm not using the "plug" interface ... too much inconsistent behavior.
-+
-+unsigned nDevices = 0;
-+int result, subdevice, card;
-+char name[64];
-+snd_ctl_t *chandle;
-+
-+if ( options && options->flags & RTAUDIO_ALSA_USE_DEFAULT )
-+snprintf(name, sizeof(name), "%s", "default");
-+else {
-+// Count cards and devices
-+card = -1;
-+snd_card_next( &card );
-+while ( card >= 0 ) {
-+sprintf( name, "hw:%d", card );
-+result = snd_ctl_open( &chandle, name, SND_CTL_NONBLOCK );
-+if ( result < 0 ) {
-+errorStream_ << "RtApiAlsa::probeDeviceOpen: control open, card = " << card << ", " << snd_strerror( result ) << ".";
-+errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
-+return FAILURE;
-+}
-+subdevice = -1;
-+while( 1 ) {
-+result = snd_ctl_pcm_next_device( chandle, &subdevice );
-+if ( result < 0 ) break;
-+if ( subdevice < 0 ) break;
-+if ( nDevices == device ) {
-+sprintf( name, "hw:%d,%d", card, subdevice );
-+snd_ctl_close( chandle );
-+goto foundDevice;
-+}
-+nDevices++;
-+}
-+snd_ctl_close( chandle );
-+snd_card_next( &card );
-+}
-+
-+result = snd_ctl_open( &chandle, "default", SND_CTL_NONBLOCK );
-+if ( result == 0 ) {
-+if ( nDevices == device ) {
-+strcpy( name, "default" );
-+goto foundDevice;
-+}
-+nDevices++;
-+}
-+
-+if ( nDevices == 0 ) {
-+// This should not happen because a check is made before this function is called.
-+errorText_ = "RtApiAlsa::probeDeviceOpen: no devices found!";
-+return FAILURE;
-+}
-+
-+if ( device >= nDevices ) {
-+// This should not happen because a check is made before this function is called.
-+errorText_ = "RtApiAlsa::probeDeviceOpen: device ID is invalid!";
-+return FAILURE;
-+}
-+}
-+
-+foundDevice:
-+
-+// The getDeviceInfo() function will not work for a device that is
-+// already open.  Thus, we'll probe the system before opening a
-+// stream and save the results for use by getDeviceInfo().
-+if ( mode == OUTPUT || ( mode == INPUT && stream_.mode != OUTPUT ) ) // only do once
-+this->saveDeviceInfo();
-+
-+snd_pcm_stream_t stream;
-+if ( mode == OUTPUT )
-+stream = SND_PCM_STREAM_PLAYBACK;
-+else
-+stream = SND_PCM_STREAM_CAPTURE;
-+
-+snd_pcm_t *phandle;
-+int openMode = SND_PCM_ASYNC;
-+result = snd_pcm_open( &phandle, name, stream, openMode );
-+if ( result < 0 ) {
-+if ( mode == OUTPUT )
-+errorStream_ << "RtApiAlsa::probeDeviceOpen: pcm device (" << name << ") won't open for output.";
-+else
-+errorStream_ << "RtApiAlsa::probeDeviceOpen: pcm device (" << name << ") won't open for input.";
-+errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
-+return FAILURE;
-+}
-+
-+// Fill the parameter structure.
-+snd_pcm_hw_params_t *hw_params;
-+snd_pcm_hw_params_alloca( &hw_params );
-+result = snd_pcm_hw_params_any( phandle, hw_params );
-+if ( result < 0 ) {
-+snd_pcm_close( phandle );
-+errorStream_ << "RtApiAlsa::probeDeviceOpen: error getting pcm device (" << name << ") parameters, " << snd_strerror( result ) << ".";
-+errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
-+return FAILURE;
-+}
-+
-+#if defined(__RTAUDIO_DEBUG__)
-+fprintf( stderr, "\nRtApiAlsa: dump hardware params just after device open:\n\n" );
-+snd_pcm_hw_params_dump( hw_params, out );
-+#endif
-+
-+// Set access ... check user preference.
-+if ( options && options->flags & RTAUDIO_NONINTERLEAVED ) {
-+stream_.userInterleaved = false;
-+result = snd_pcm_hw_params_set_access( phandle, hw_params, SND_PCM_ACCESS_RW_NONINTERLEAVED );
-+if ( result < 0 ) {
-+result = snd_pcm_hw_params_set_access( phandle, hw_params, SND_PCM_ACCESS_RW_INTERLEAVED );
-+stream_.deviceInterleaved[mode] =  true;
-+}
-+else
-+stream_.deviceInterleaved[mode] = false;
-+}
-+else {
-+stream_.userInterleaved = true;
-+result = snd_pcm_hw_params_set_access( phandle, hw_params, SND_PCM_ACCESS_RW_INTERLEAVED );
-+if ( result < 0 ) {
-+result = snd_pcm_hw_params_set_access( phandle, hw_params, SND_PCM_ACCESS_RW_NONINTERLEAVED );
-+stream_.deviceInterleaved[mode] =  false;
-+}
-+else
-+stream_.deviceInterleaved[mode] =  true;
-+}
-+
-+if ( result < 0 ) {
-+snd_pcm_close( phandle );
-+errorStream_ << "RtApiAlsa::probeDeviceOpen: error setting pcm device (" << name << ") access, " << snd_strerror( result ) << ".";
-+errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
-+return FAILURE;
-+}
-+
-+// Determine how to set the device format.
-+stream_.userFormat = format;
-+snd_pcm_format_t deviceFormat = SND_PCM_FORMAT_UNKNOWN;
-+
-+if ( format == RTAUDIO_SINT8 )
-+deviceFormat = SND_PCM_FORMAT_S8;
-+else if ( format == RTAUDIO_SINT16 )
-+deviceFormat = SND_PCM_FORMAT_S16;
-+else if ( format == RTAUDIO_SINT24 )
-+deviceFormat = SND_PCM_FORMAT_S24;
-+else if ( format == RTAUDIO_SINT32 )
-+deviceFormat = SND_PCM_FORMAT_S32;
-+else if ( format == RTAUDIO_FLOAT32 )
-+deviceFormat = SND_PCM_FORMAT_FLOAT;
-+else if ( format == RTAUDIO_FLOAT64 )
-+deviceFormat = SND_PCM_FORMAT_FLOAT64;
-+
-+if ( snd_pcm_hw_params_test_format(phandle, hw_params, deviceFormat) == 0) {
-+stream_.deviceFormat[mode] = format;
-+goto setFormat;
-+}
-+
-+// The user requested format is not natively supported by the device.
-+deviceFormat = SND_PCM_FORMAT_FLOAT64;
-+if ( snd_pcm_hw_params_test_format( phandle, hw_params, deviceFormat ) == 0 ) {
-+stream_.deviceFormat[mode] = RTAUDIO_FLOAT64;
-+goto setFormat;
-+}
-+
-+deviceFormat = SND_PCM_FORMAT_FLOAT;
-+if ( snd_pcm_hw_params_test_format(phandle, hw_params, deviceFormat ) == 0 ) {
-+stream_.deviceFormat[mode] = RTAUDIO_FLOAT32;
-+goto setFormat;
-+}
-+
-+deviceFormat = SND_PCM_FORMAT_S32;
-+if ( snd_pcm_hw_params_test_format(phandle, hw_params, deviceFormat ) == 0 ) {
-+stream_.deviceFormat[mode] = RTAUDIO_SINT32;
-+goto setFormat;
-+}
-+
-+deviceFormat = SND_PCM_FORMAT_S24;
-+if ( snd_pcm_hw_params_test_format(phandle, hw_params, deviceFormat ) == 0 ) {
-+stream_.deviceFormat[mode] = RTAUDIO_SINT24;
-+goto setFormat;
-+}
-+
-+deviceFormat = SND_PCM_FORMAT_S16;
-+if ( snd_pcm_hw_params_test_format(phandle, hw_params, deviceFormat ) == 0 ) {
-+stream_.deviceFormat[mode] = RTAUDIO_SINT16;
-+goto setFormat;
-+}
-+
-+deviceFormat = SND_PCM_FORMAT_S8;
-+if ( snd_pcm_hw_params_test_format(phandle, hw_params, deviceFormat ) == 0 ) {
-+stream_.deviceFormat[mode] = RTAUDIO_SINT8;
-+goto setFormat;
-+}
-+
-+// If we get here, no supported format was found.
-+snd_pcm_close( phandle );
-+errorStream_ << "RtApiAlsa::probeDeviceOpen: pcm device " << device << " data format not supported by RtAudio.";
-+errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
-+return FAILURE;
-+
-+setFormat:
-+result = snd_pcm_hw_params_set_format( phandle, hw_params, deviceFormat );
-+if ( result < 0 ) {
-+snd_pcm_close( phandle );
-+errorStream_ << "RtApiAlsa::probeDeviceOpen: error setting pcm device (" << name << ") data format, " << snd_strerror( result ) << ".";
-+errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
-+return FAILURE;
-+}
-+
-+// Determine whether byte-swaping is necessary.
-+stream_.doByteSwap[mode] = false;
-+if ( deviceFormat != SND_PCM_FORMAT_S8 ) {
-+result = snd_pcm_format_cpu_endian( deviceFormat );
-+if ( result == 0 )
-+stream_.doByteSwap[mode] = true;
-+else if (result < 0) {
-+snd_pcm_close( phandle );
-+errorStream_ << "RtApiAlsa::probeDeviceOpen: error getting pcm device (" << name << ") endian-ness, " << snd_strerror( result ) << ".";
-+errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
-+return FAILURE;
-+}
-+}
-+
-+// Set the sample rate.
-+result = snd_pcm_hw_params_set_rate_near( phandle, hw_params, (unsigned int*) &sampleRate, 0 );
-+if ( result < 0 ) {
-+snd_pcm_close( phandle );
-+errorStream_ << "RtApiAlsa::probeDeviceOpen: error setting sample rate on device (" << name << "), " << snd_strerror( result ) << ".";
-+errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
-+return FAILURE;
-+}
-+
-+// Determine the number of channels for this device.  We support a possible
-+// minimum device channel number > than the value requested by the user.
-+stream_.nUserChannels[mode] = channels;
-+unsigned int value;
-+result = snd_pcm_hw_params_get_channels_max( hw_params, &value );
-+unsigned int deviceChannels = value;
-+if ( result < 0 || deviceChannels < channels + firstChannel ) {
-+snd_pcm_close( phandle );
-+errorStream_ << "RtApiAlsa::probeDeviceOpen: requested channel parameters not supported by device (" << name << "), " << snd_strerror( result ) << ".";
-+errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
-+return FAILURE;
-+}
-+
-+result = snd_pcm_hw_params_get_channels_min( hw_params, &value );
-+if ( result < 0 ) {
-+snd_pcm_close( phandle );
-+errorStream_ << "RtApiAlsa::probeDeviceOpen: error getting minimum channels for device (" << name << "), " << snd_strerror( result ) << ".";
-+errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
-+return FAILURE;
-+}
-+deviceChannels = value;
-+if ( deviceChannels < channels + firstChannel ) deviceChannels = channels + firstChannel;
-+stream_.nDeviceChannels[mode] = deviceChannels;
-+
-+// Set the device channels.
-+result = snd_pcm_hw_params_set_channels( phandle, hw_params, deviceChannels );
-+if ( result < 0 ) {
-+snd_pcm_close( phandle );
-+errorStream_ << "RtApiAlsa::probeDeviceOpen: error setting channels for device (" << name << "), " << snd_strerror( result ) << ".";
-+errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
-+return FAILURE;
-+}
-+
-+// Set the buffer (or period) size.
-+int dir = 0;
-+snd_pcm_uframes_t periodSize = *bufferSize;
-+result = snd_pcm_hw_params_set_period_size_near( phandle, hw_params, &periodSize, &dir );
-+if ( result < 0 ) {
-+snd_pcm_close( phandle );
-+errorStream_ << "RtApiAlsa::probeDeviceOpen: error setting period size for device (" << name << "), " << snd_strerror( result ) << ".";
-+errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
-+return FAILURE;
-+}
-+*bufferSize = periodSize;
-+
-+// Set the buffer number, which in ALSA is referred to as the "period".
-+unsigned int periods = 0;
-+if ( options && options->flags & RTAUDIO_MINIMIZE_LATENCY ) periods = 2;
-+if ( options && options->numberOfBuffers > 0 ) periods = options->numberOfBuffers;
-+if ( periods < 2 ) periods = 4; // a fairly safe default value
-+result = snd_pcm_hw_params_set_periods_near( phandle, hw_params, &periods, &dir );
-+if ( result < 0 ) {
-+snd_pcm_close( phandle );
-+errorStream_ << "RtApiAlsa::probeDeviceOpen: error setting periods for device (" << name << "), " << snd_strerror( result ) << ".";
-+errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
-+return FAILURE;
-+}
-+
-+// If attempting to setup a duplex stream, the bufferSize parameter
-+// MUST be the same in both directions!
-+if ( stream_.mode == OUTPUT && mode == INPUT && *bufferSize != stream_.bufferSize ) {
-+snd_pcm_close( phandle );
-+errorStream_ << "RtApiAlsa::probeDeviceOpen: system error setting buffer size for duplex stream on device (" << name << ").";
-+errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
-+return FAILURE;
-+}
-+
-+stream_.bufferSize = *bufferSize;
-+
-+// Install the hardware configuration
-+result = snd_pcm_hw_params( phandle, hw_params );
-+if ( result < 0 ) {
-+snd_pcm_close( phandle );
-+errorStream_ << "RtApiAlsa::probeDeviceOpen: error installing hardware configuration on device (" << name << "), " << snd_strerror( result ) << ".";
-+errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
-+return FAILURE;
-+}
-+
-+#if defined(__RTAUDIO_DEBUG__)
-+fprintf(stderr, "\nRtApiAlsa: dump hardware params after installation:\n\n");
-+snd_pcm_hw_params_dump( hw_params, out );
-+#endif
-+
-+// Set the software configuration to fill buffers with zeros and prevent device stopping on xruns.
-+snd_pcm_sw_params_t *sw_params = NULL;
-+snd_pcm_sw_params_alloca( &sw_params );
-+snd_pcm_sw_params_current( phandle, sw_params );
-+snd_pcm_sw_params_set_start_threshold( phandle, sw_params, *bufferSize );
-+snd_pcm_sw_params_set_stop_threshold( phandle, sw_params, ULONG_MAX );
-+snd_pcm_sw_params_set_silence_threshold( phandle, sw_params, 0 );
-+
-+// The following two settings were suggested by Theo Veenker
-+//snd_pcm_sw_params_set_avail_min( phandle, sw_params, *bufferSize );
-+//snd_pcm_sw_params_set_xfer_align( phandle, sw_params, 1 );
-+
-+// here are two options for a fix
-+//snd_pcm_sw_params_set_silence_size( phandle, sw_params, ULONG_MAX );
-+snd_pcm_uframes_t val;
-+snd_pcm_sw_params_get_boundary( sw_params, &val );
-+snd_pcm_sw_params_set_silence_size( phandle, sw_params, val );
-+
-+result = snd_pcm_sw_params( phandle, sw_params );
-+if ( result < 0 ) {
-+snd_pcm_close( phandle );
-+errorStream_ << "RtApiAlsa::probeDeviceOpen: error installing software configuration on device (" << name << "), " << snd_strerror( result ) << ".";
-+errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
-+return FAILURE;
-+}
-+
-+#if defined(__RTAUDIO_DEBUG__)
-+fprintf(stderr, "\nRtApiAlsa: dump software params after installation:\n\n");
-+snd_pcm_sw_params_dump( sw_params, out );
-+#endif
-+
-+// Set flags for buffer conversion
-+stream_.doConvertBuffer[mode] = false;
-+if ( stream_.userFormat != stream_.deviceFormat[mode] )
-+stream_.doConvertBuffer[mode] = true;
-+if ( stream_.nUserChannels[mode] < stream_.nDeviceChannels[mode] )
-+stream_.doConvertBuffer[mode] = true;
-+if ( stream_.userInterleaved != stream_.deviceInterleaved[mode] &&
-+stream_.nUserChannels[mode] > 1 )
-+stream_.doConvertBuffer[mode] = true;
-+
-+// Allocate the ApiHandle if necessary and then save.
-+AlsaHandle *apiInfo = 0;
-+if ( stream_.apiHandle == 0 ) {
-+try {
-+apiInfo = (AlsaHandle *) new AlsaHandle;
-+}
-+catch ( std::bad_alloc& ) {
-+errorText_ = "RtApiAlsa::probeDeviceOpen: error allocating AlsaHandle memory.";
-+goto error;
-+}
-+
-+if ( pthread_cond_init( &apiInfo->runnable_cv, NULL ) ) {
-+errorText_ = "RtApiAlsa::probeDeviceOpen: error initializing pthread condition variable.";
-+goto error;
-+}
-+
-+stream_.apiHandle = (void *) apiInfo;
-+apiInfo->handles[0] = 0;
-+apiInfo->handles[1] = 0;
-+}
-+else {
-+apiInfo = (AlsaHandle *) stream_.apiHandle;
-+}
-+apiInfo->handles[mode] = phandle;
-+phandle = 0;
-+
-+// Allocate necessary internal buffers.
-+unsigned long bufferBytes;
-+bufferBytes = stream_.nUserChannels[mode] * *bufferSize * formatBytes( stream_.userFormat );
-+stream_.userBuffer[mode] = (char *) calloc( bufferBytes, 1 );
-+if ( stream_.userBuffer[mode] == NULL ) {
-+errorText_ = "RtApiAlsa::probeDeviceOpen: error allocating user buffer memory.";
-+goto error;
-+}
-+
-+if ( stream_.doConvertBuffer[mode] ) {
-+
-+bool makeBuffer = true;
-+bufferBytes = stream_.nDeviceChannels[mode] * formatBytes( stream_.deviceFormat[mode] );
-+if ( mode == INPUT ) {
-+if ( stream_.mode == OUTPUT && stream_.deviceBuffer ) {
-+unsigned long bytesOut = stream_.nDeviceChannels[0] * formatBytes( stream_.deviceFormat[0] );
-+if ( bufferBytes <= bytesOut ) makeBuffer = false;
-+}
-+}
-+
-+if ( makeBuffer ) {
-+bufferBytes *= *bufferSize;
-+if ( stream_.deviceBuffer ) free( stream_.deviceBuffer );
-+stream_.deviceBuffer = (char *) calloc( bufferBytes, 1 );
-+if ( stream_.deviceBuffer == NULL ) {
-+errorText_ = "RtApiAlsa::probeDeviceOpen: error allocating device buffer memory.";
-+goto error;
-+}
-+}
-+}
-+
-+stream_.sampleRate = sampleRate;
-+stream_.nBuffers = periods;
-+stream_.device[mode] = device;
-+stream_.state = STREAM_STOPPED;
-+
-+// Setup the buffer conversion information structure.
-+if ( stream_.doConvertBuffer[mode] ) setConvertInfo( mode, firstChannel );
-+
-+// Setup thread if necessary.
-+if ( stream_.mode == OUTPUT && mode == INPUT ) {
-+// We had already set up an output stream.
-+stream_.mode = DUPLEX;
-+// Link the streams if possible.
-+apiInfo->synchronized = false;
-+if ( snd_pcm_link( apiInfo->handles[0], apiInfo->handles[1] ) == 0 )
-+apiInfo->synchronized = true;
-+else {
-+errorText_ = "RtApiAlsa::probeDeviceOpen: unable to synchronize input and output devices.";
-+error( RtAudioError::WARNING );
-+}
-+}
-+else {
-+stream_.mode = mode;
-+
-+// Setup callback thread.
-+stream_.callbackInfo.object = (void *) this;
-+
-+// Set the thread attributes for joinable and realtime scheduling
-+// priority (optional).  The higher priority will only take affect
-+// if the program is run as root or suid. Note, under Linux
-+// processes with CAP_SYS_NICE privilege, a user can change
-+// scheduling policy and priority (thus need not be root). See
-+// POSIX "capabilities".
-+pthread_attr_t attr;
-+pthread_attr_init( &attr );
-+pthread_attr_setdetachstate( &attr, PTHREAD_CREATE_JOINABLE );
-+
-+#ifdef SCHED_RR // Undefined with some OSes (eg: NetBSD 1.6.x with GNU Pthread)
-+if ( options && options->flags & RTAUDIO_SCHEDULE_REALTIME ) {
-+// We previously attempted to increase the audio callback priority
-+// to SCHED_RR here via the attributes.  However, while no errors
-+// were reported in doing so, it did not work.  So, now this is
-+// done in the alsaCallbackHandler function.
-+stream_.callbackInfo.doRealtime = true;
-+int priority = options->priority;
-+int min = sched_get_priority_min( SCHED_RR );
-+int max = sched_get_priority_max( SCHED_RR );
-+if ( priority < min ) priority = min;
-+else if ( priority > max ) priority = max;
-+stream_.callbackInfo.priority = priority;
-+}
-+#endif
-+
-+stream_.callbackInfo.isRunning = true;
-+result = pthread_create( &stream_.callbackInfo.thread, &attr, alsaCallbackHandler, &stream_.callbackInfo );
-+pthread_attr_destroy( &attr );
-+if ( result ) {
-+stream_.callbackInfo.isRunning = false;
-+errorText_ = "RtApiAlsa::error creating callback thread!";
-+goto error;
-+}
-+}
-+
-+return SUCCESS;
-+
-+error:
-+if ( apiInfo ) {
-+pthread_cond_destroy( &apiInfo->runnable_cv );
-+if ( apiInfo->handles[0] ) snd_pcm_close( apiInfo->handles[0] );
-+if ( apiInfo->handles[1] ) snd_pcm_close( apiInfo->handles[1] );
-+delete apiInfo;
-+stream_.apiHandle = 0;
-+}
-+
-+if ( phandle) snd_pcm_close( phandle );
-+
-+for ( int i=0; i<2; i++ ) {
-+if ( stream_.userBuffer[i] ) {
-+free( stream_.userBuffer[i] );
-+stream_.userBuffer[i] = 0;
-+}
-+}
-+
-+if ( stream_.deviceBuffer ) {
-+free( stream_.deviceBuffer );
-+stream_.deviceBuffer = 0;
-+}
-+
-+stream_.state = STREAM_CLOSED;
-+return FAILURE;
-+}
-+
-+void RtApiAlsa :: closeStream()
-+{
-+if ( stream_.state == STREAM_CLOSED ) {
-+errorText_ = "RtApiAlsa::closeStream(): no open stream to close!";
-+error( RtAudioError::WARNING );
-+return;
-+}
-+
-+AlsaHandle *apiInfo = (AlsaHandle *) stream_.apiHandle;
-+stream_.callbackInfo.isRunning = false;
-+MUTEX_LOCK( &stream_.mutex );
-+if ( stream_.state == STREAM_STOPPED ) {
-+apiInfo->runnable = true;
-+pthread_cond_signal( &apiInfo->runnable_cv );
-+}
-+MUTEX_UNLOCK( &stream_.mutex );
-+pthread_join( stream_.callbackInfo.thread, NULL );
-+
-+if ( stream_.state == STREAM_RUNNING ) {
-+stream_.state = STREAM_STOPPED;
-+if ( stream_.mode == OUTPUT || stream_.mode == DUPLEX )
-+snd_pcm_drop( apiInfo->handles[0] );
-+if ( stream_.mode == INPUT || stream_.mode == DUPLEX )
-+snd_pcm_drop( apiInfo->handles[1] );
-+}
-+
-+if ( apiInfo ) {
-+pthread_cond_destroy( &apiInfo->runnable_cv );
-+if ( apiInfo->handles[0] ) snd_pcm_close( apiInfo->handles[0] );
-+if ( apiInfo->handles[1] ) snd_pcm_close( apiInfo->handles[1] );
-+delete apiInfo;
-+stream_.apiHandle = 0;
-+}
-+
-+for ( int i=0; i<2; i++ ) {
-+if ( stream_.userBuffer[i] ) {
-+free( stream_.userBuffer[i] );
-+stream_.userBuffer[i] = 0;
-+}
-+}
-+
-+if ( stream_.deviceBuffer ) {
-+free( stream_.deviceBuffer );
-+stream_.deviceBuffer = 0;
-+}
-+
-+stream_.mode = UNINITIALIZED;
-+stream_.state = STREAM_CLOSED;
-+}
-+
-+void RtApiAlsa :: startStream()
-+{
-+// This method calls snd_pcm_prepare if the device isn't already in that state.
-+
-+verifyStream();
-+if ( stream_.state == STREAM_RUNNING ) {
-+errorText_ = "RtApiAlsa::startStream(): the stream is already running!";
-+error( RtAudioError::WARNING );
-+return;
-+}
-+
-+MUTEX_LOCK( &stream_.mutex );
-+
-+int result = 0;
-+snd_pcm_state_t state;
-+AlsaHandle *apiInfo = (AlsaHandle *) stream_.apiHandle;
-+snd_pcm_t **handle = (snd_pcm_t **) apiInfo->handles;
-+if ( stream_.mode == OUTPUT || stream_.mode == DUPLEX ) {
-+state = snd_pcm_state( handle[0] );
-+if ( state != SND_PCM_STATE_PREPARED ) {
-+result = snd_pcm_prepare( handle[0] );
-+if ( result < 0 ) {
-+errorStream_ << "RtApiAlsa::startStream: error preparing output pcm device, " << snd_strerror( result ) << ".";
-+errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
-+goto unlock;
-+}
-+}
-+}
-+
-+if ( ( stream_.mode == INPUT || stream_.mode == DUPLEX ) && !apiInfo->synchronized ) {
-+result = snd_pcm_drop(handle[1]); // fix to remove stale data received since device has been open
-+state = snd_pcm_state( handle[1] );
-+if ( state != SND_PCM_STATE_PREPARED ) {
-+result = snd_pcm_prepare( handle[1] );
-+if ( result < 0 ) {
-+errorStream_ << "RtApiAlsa::startStream: error preparing input pcm device, " << snd_strerror( result ) << ".";
-+errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
-+goto unlock;
-+}
-+}
-+}
-+
-+stream_.state = STREAM_RUNNING;
-+
-+unlock:
-+apiInfo->runnable = true;
-+pthread_cond_signal( &apiInfo->runnable_cv );
-+MUTEX_UNLOCK( &stream_.mutex );
-+
-+if ( result >= 0 ) return;
-+error( RtAudioError::SYSTEM_ERROR );
-+}
-+
-+void RtApiAlsa :: stopStream()
-+{
-+verifyStream();
-+if ( stream_.state == STREAM_STOPPED ) {
-+errorText_ = "RtApiAlsa::stopStream(): the stream is already stopped!";
-+error( RtAudioError::WARNING );
-+return;
-+}
-+
-+stream_.state = STREAM_STOPPED;
-+MUTEX_LOCK( &stream_.mutex );
-+
-+int result = 0;
-+AlsaHandle *apiInfo = (AlsaHandle *) stream_.apiHandle;
-+snd_pcm_t **handle = (snd_pcm_t **) apiInfo->handles;
-+if ( stream_.mode == OUTPUT || stream_.mode == DUPLEX ) {
-+if ( apiInfo->synchronized ) 
-+result = snd_pcm_drop( handle[0] );
-+else
-+result = snd_pcm_drain( handle[0] );
-+if ( result < 0 ) {
-+errorStream_ << "RtApiAlsa::stopStream: error draining output pcm device, " << snd_strerror( result ) << ".";
-+errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
-+goto unlock;
-+}
-+}
-+
-+if ( ( stream_.mode == INPUT || stream_.mode == DUPLEX ) && !apiInfo->synchronized ) {
-+result = snd_pcm_drop( handle[1] );
-+if ( result < 0 ) {
-+errorStream_ << "RtApiAlsa::stopStream: error stopping input pcm device, " << snd_strerror( result ) << ".";
-+errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
-+goto unlock;
-+}
-+}
-+
-+unlock:
-+apiInfo->runnable = false; // fixes high CPU usage when stopped
-+MUTEX_UNLOCK( &stream_.mutex );
-+
-+if ( result >= 0 ) return;
-+error( RtAudioError::SYSTEM_ERROR );
-+}
-+
-+void RtApiAlsa :: abortStream()
-+{
-+verifyStream();
-+if ( stream_.state == STREAM_STOPPED ) {
-+errorText_ = "RtApiAlsa::abortStream(): the stream is already stopped!";
-+error( RtAudioError::WARNING );
-+return;
-+}
-+
-+stream_.state = STREAM_STOPPED;
-+MUTEX_LOCK( &stream_.mutex );
-+
-+int result = 0;
-+AlsaHandle *apiInfo = (AlsaHandle *) stream_.apiHandle;
-+snd_pcm_t **handle = (snd_pcm_t **) apiInfo->handles;
-+if ( stream_.mode == OUTPUT || stream_.mode == DUPLEX ) {
-+result = snd_pcm_drop( handle[0] );
-+if ( result < 0 ) {
-+errorStream_ << "RtApiAlsa::abortStream: error aborting output pcm device, " << snd_strerror( result ) << ".";
-+errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
-+goto unlock;
-+}
-+}
-+
-+if ( ( stream_.mode == INPUT || stream_.mode == DUPLEX ) && !apiInfo->synchronized ) {
-+result = snd_pcm_drop( handle[1] );
-+if ( result < 0 ) {
-+errorStream_ << "RtApiAlsa::abortStream: error aborting input pcm device, " << snd_strerror( result ) << ".";
-+errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
-+goto unlock;
-+}
-+}
-+
-+unlock:
-+apiInfo->runnable = false; // fixes high CPU usage when stopped
-+MUTEX_UNLOCK( &stream_.mutex );
-+
-+if ( result >= 0 ) return;
-+error( RtAudioError::SYSTEM_ERROR );
-+}
-+
-+void RtApiAlsa :: callbackEvent()
-+{
-+AlsaHandle *apiInfo = (AlsaHandle *) stream_.apiHandle;
-+if ( stream_.state == STREAM_STOPPED ) {
-+MUTEX_LOCK( &stream_.mutex );
-+while ( !apiInfo->runnable )
-+pthread_cond_wait( &apiInfo->runnable_cv, &stream_.mutex );
-+
-+if ( stream_.state != STREAM_RUNNING ) {
-+MUTEX_UNLOCK( &stream_.mutex );
-+return;
-+}
-+MUTEX_UNLOCK( &stream_.mutex );
-+}
-+
-+if ( stream_.state == STREAM_CLOSED ) {
-+errorText_ = "RtApiAlsa::callbackEvent(): the stream is closed ... this shouldn't happen!";
-+error( RtAudioError::WARNING );
-+return;
-+}
-+
-+int doStopStream = 0;
-+RtAudioCallback callback = (RtAudioCallback) stream_.callbackInfo.callback;
-+double streamTime = getStreamTime();
-+RtAudioStreamStatus status = 0;
-+if ( stream_.mode != INPUT && apiInfo->xrun[0] == true ) {
-+status |= RTAUDIO_OUTPUT_UNDERFLOW;
-+apiInfo->xrun[0] = false;
-+}
-+if ( stream_.mode != OUTPUT && apiInfo->xrun[1] == true ) {
-+status |= RTAUDIO_INPUT_OVERFLOW;
-+apiInfo->xrun[1] = false;
-+}
-+doStopStream = callback( stream_.userBuffer[0], stream_.userBuffer[1],
-+stream_.bufferSize, streamTime, status, stream_.callbackInfo.userData );
-+
-+if ( doStopStream == 2 ) {
-+abortStream();
-+return;
-+}
-+
-+MUTEX_LOCK( &stream_.mutex );
-+
-+// The state might change while waiting on a mutex.
-+if ( stream_.state == STREAM_STOPPED ) goto unlock;
-+
-+int result;
-+char *buffer;
-+int channels;
-+snd_pcm_t **handle;
-+snd_pcm_sframes_t frames;
-+RtAudioFormat format;
-+handle = (snd_pcm_t **) apiInfo->handles;
-+
-+if ( stream_.mode == INPUT || stream_.mode == DUPLEX ) {
-+
-+// Setup parameters.
-+if ( stream_.doConvertBuffer[1] ) {
-+buffer = stream_.deviceBuffer;
-+channels = stream_.nDeviceChannels[1];
-+format = stream_.deviceFormat[1];
-+}
-+else {
-+buffer = stream_.userBuffer[1];
-+channels = stream_.nUserChannels[1];
-+format = stream_.userFormat;
-+}
-+
-+// Read samples from device in interleaved/non-interleaved format.
-+if ( stream_.deviceInterleaved[1] )
-+result = snd_pcm_readi( handle[1], buffer, stream_.bufferSize );
-+else {
-+void *bufs[channels];
-+size_t offset = stream_.bufferSize * formatBytes( format );
-+for ( int i=0; i<channels; i++ )
-+bufs[i] = (void *) (buffer + (i * offset));
-+result = snd_pcm_readn( handle[1], bufs, stream_.bufferSize );
-+}
-+
-+if ( result < (int) stream_.bufferSize ) {
-+// Either an error or overrun occured.
-+if ( result == -EPIPE ) {
-+snd_pcm_state_t state = snd_pcm_state( handle[1] );
-+if ( state == SND_PCM_STATE_XRUN ) {
-+apiInfo->xrun[1] = true;
-+result = snd_pcm_prepare( handle[1] );
-+if ( result < 0 ) {
-+errorStream_ << "RtApiAlsa::callbackEvent: error preparing device after overrun, " << snd_strerror( result ) << ".";
-+errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
-+}
-+}
-+else {
-+errorStream_ << "RtApiAlsa::callbackEvent: error, current state is " << snd_pcm_state_name( state ) << ", " << snd_strerror( result ) << ".";
-+errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
-+}
-+}
-+else {
-+errorStream_ << "RtApiAlsa::callbackEvent: audio read error, " << snd_strerror( result ) << ".";
-+errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
-+}
-+error( RtAudioError::WARNING );
-+goto tryOutput;
-+}
-+
-+// Do byte swapping if necessary.
-+if ( stream_.doByteSwap[1] )
-+byteSwapBuffer( buffer, stream_.bufferSize * channels, format );
-+
-+// Do buffer conversion if necessary.
-+if ( stream_.doConvertBuffer[1] )
-+convertBuffer( stream_.userBuffer[1], stream_.deviceBuffer, stream_.convertInfo[1] );
-+
-+// Check stream latency
-+result = snd_pcm_delay( handle[1], &frames );
-+if ( result == 0 && frames > 0 ) stream_.latency[1] = frames;
-+}
-+
-+tryOutput:
-+
-+if ( stream_.mode == OUTPUT || stream_.mode == DUPLEX ) {
-+
-+// Setup parameters and do buffer conversion if necessary.
-+if ( stream_.doConvertBuffer[0] ) {
-+buffer = stream_.deviceBuffer;
-+convertBuffer( buffer, stream_.userBuffer[0], stream_.convertInfo[0] );
-+channels = stream_.nDeviceChannels[0];
-+format = stream_.deviceFormat[0];
-+}
-+else {
-+buffer = stream_.userBuffer[0];
-+channels = stream_.nUserChannels[0];
-+format = stream_.userFormat;
-+}
-+
-+// Do byte swapping if necessary.
-+if ( stream_.doByteSwap[0] )
-+byteSwapBuffer(buffer, stream_.bufferSize * channels, format);
-+
-+// Write samples to device in interleaved/non-interleaved format.
-+if ( stream_.deviceInterleaved[0] )
-+result = snd_pcm_writei( handle[0], buffer, stream_.bufferSize );
-+else {
-+void *bufs[channels];
-+size_t offset = stream_.bufferSize * formatBytes( format );
-+for ( int i=0; i<channels; i++ )
-+bufs[i] = (void *) (buffer + (i * offset));
-+result = snd_pcm_writen( handle[0], bufs, stream_.bufferSize );
-+}
-+
-+if ( result < (int) stream_.bufferSize ) {
-+// Either an error or underrun occured.
-+if ( result == -EPIPE ) {
-+snd_pcm_state_t state = snd_pcm_state( handle[0] );
-+if ( state == SND_PCM_STATE_XRUN ) {
-+apiInfo->xrun[0] = true;
-+result = snd_pcm_prepare( handle[0] );
-+if ( result < 0 ) {
-+errorStream_ << "RtApiAlsa::callbackEvent: error preparing device after underrun, " << snd_strerror( result ) << ".";
-+errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
-+}
-+else
-+errorText_ =  "RtApiAlsa::callbackEvent: audio write error, underrun.";
-+}
-+else {
-+errorStream_ << "RtApiAlsa::callbackEvent: error, current state is " << snd_pcm_state_name( state ) << ", " << snd_strerror( result ) << ".";
-+errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
-+}
-+}
-+else {
-+errorStream_ << "RtApiAlsa::callbackEvent: audio write error, " << snd_strerror( result ) << ".";
-+errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
-+}
-+error( RtAudioError::WARNING );
-+goto unlock;
-+}
-+
-+// Check stream latency
-+result = snd_pcm_delay( handle[0], &frames );
-+if ( result == 0 && frames > 0 ) stream_.latency[0] = frames;
-+}
-+
-+unlock:
-+MUTEX_UNLOCK( &stream_.mutex );
-+
-+RtApi::tickStreamTime();
-+if ( doStopStream == 1 ) this->stopStream();
-+}
-+
-+static void *alsaCallbackHandler( void *ptr )
-+{
-+CallbackInfo *info = (CallbackInfo *) ptr;
-+RtApiAlsa *object = (RtApiAlsa *) info->object;
-+bool *isRunning = &info->isRunning;
-+
-+#ifdef SCHED_RR // Undefined with some OSes (eg: NetBSD 1.6.x with GNU Pthread)
-+if ( info->doRealtime ) {
-+pthread_t tID = pthread_self();	 // ID of this thread
-+sched_param prio = { info->priority }; // scheduling priority of thread
-+pthread_setschedparam( tID, SCHED_RR, &prio );
-+}
-+#endif
-+
-+while ( *isRunning == true ) {
-+pthread_testcancel();
-+object->callbackEvent();
-+}
-+
-+pthread_exit( NULL );
-+}
-+
-+//******************** End of __LINUX_ALSA__ *********************//
-+#endif
-+
-+#if defined(__LINUX_PULSE__)
-+
-+// Code written by Peter Meerwald, pmeerw at pmeerw.net
-+// and Tristan Matthews.
-+
-+#include <pulse/error.h>
-+#include <pulse/simple.h>
-+#include <cstdio>
-+
-+static const unsigned int SUPPORTED_SAMPLERATES[] = { 8000, 16000, 22050, 32000,
-+44100, 48000, 96000, 0};
-+
-+struct rtaudio_pa_format_mapping_t {
-+RtAudioFormat rtaudio_format;
-+pa_sample_format_t pa_format;
-+};
-+
-+static const rtaudio_pa_format_mapping_t supported_sampleformats[] = {
-+{RTAUDIO_SINT16, PA_SAMPLE_S16LE},
-+{RTAUDIO_SINT32, PA_SAMPLE_S32LE},
-+{RTAUDIO_FLOAT32, PA_SAMPLE_FLOAT32LE},
-+{0, PA_SAMPLE_INVALID}};
-+
-+struct PulseAudioHandle {
-+pa_simple *s_play;
-+pa_simple *s_rec;
-+pthread_t thread;
-+pthread_cond_t runnable_cv;
-+bool runnable;
-+PulseAudioHandle() : s_play(0), s_rec(0), runnable(false) { }
-+};
-+
-+RtApiPulse::~RtApiPulse()
-+{
-+if ( stream_.state != STREAM_CLOSED )
-+closeStream();
-+}
-+
-+unsigned int RtApiPulse::getDeviceCount( void )
-+{
-+return 1;
-+}
-+
-+RtAudio::DeviceInfo RtApiPulse::getDeviceInfo( unsigned int /*device*/ )
-+{
-+RtAudio::DeviceInfo info;
-+info.probed = true;
-+info.name = "PulseAudio";
-+info.outputChannels = 2;
-+info.inputChannels = 2;
-+info.duplexChannels = 2;
-+info.isDefaultOutput = true;
-+info.isDefaultInput = true;
-+
-+for ( const unsigned int *sr = SUPPORTED_SAMPLERATES; *sr; ++sr )
-+info.sampleRates.push_back( *sr );
-+
-+info.preferredSampleRate = 48000;
-+info.nativeFormats = RTAUDIO_SINT16 | RTAUDIO_SINT32 | RTAUDIO_FLOAT32;
-+
-+return info;
-+}
-+
-+static void *pulseaudio_callback( void * user )
-+{
-+CallbackInfo *cbi = static_cast<CallbackInfo *>( user );
-+RtApiPulse *context = static_cast<RtApiPulse *>( cbi->object );
-+volatile bool *isRunning = &cbi->isRunning;
-+
-+while ( *isRunning ) {
-+pthread_testcancel();
-+context->callbackEvent();
-+}
-+
-+pthread_exit( NULL );
-+}
-+
-+void RtApiPulse::closeStream( void )
-+{
-+PulseAudioHandle *pah = static_cast<PulseAudioHandle *>( stream_.apiHandle );
-+
-+stream_.callbackInfo.isRunning = false;
-+if ( pah ) {
-+MUTEX_LOCK( &stream_.mutex );
-+if ( stream_.state == STREAM_STOPPED ) {
-+pah->runnable = true;
-+pthread_cond_signal( &pah->runnable_cv );
-+}
-+MUTEX_UNLOCK( &stream_.mutex );
-+
-+pthread_join( pah->thread, 0 );
-+if ( pah->s_play ) {
-+pa_simple_flush( pah->s_play, NULL );
-+pa_simple_free( pah->s_play );
-+}
-+if ( pah->s_rec )
-+pa_simple_free( pah->s_rec );
-+
-+pthread_cond_destroy( &pah->runnable_cv );
-+delete pah;
-+stream_.apiHandle = 0;
-+}
-+
-+if ( stream_.userBuffer[0] ) {
-+free( stream_.userBuffer[0] );
-+stream_.userBuffer[0] = 0;
-+}
-+if ( stream_.userBuffer[1] ) {
-+free( stream_.userBuffer[1] );
-+stream_.userBuffer[1] = 0;
-+}
-+
-+stream_.state = STREAM_CLOSED;
-+stream_.mode = UNINITIALIZED;
-+}
-+
-+void RtApiPulse::callbackEvent( void )
-+{
-+PulseAudioHandle *pah = static_cast<PulseAudioHandle *>( stream_.apiHandle );
-+
-+if ( stream_.state == STREAM_STOPPED ) {
-+MUTEX_LOCK( &stream_.mutex );
-+while ( !pah->runnable )
-+pthread_cond_wait( &pah->runnable_cv, &stream_.mutex );
-+
-+if ( stream_.state != STREAM_RUNNING ) {
-+MUTEX_UNLOCK( &stream_.mutex );
-+return;
-+}
-+MUTEX_UNLOCK( &stream_.mutex );
-+}
-+
-+if ( stream_.state == STREAM_CLOSED ) {
-+errorText_ = "RtApiPulse::callbackEvent(): the stream is closed ... "
-+"this shouldn't happen!";
-+error( RtAudioError::WARNING );
-+return;
-+}
-+
-+RtAudioCallback callback = (RtAudioCallback) stream_.callbackInfo.callback;
-+double streamTime = getStreamTime();
-+RtAudioStreamStatus status = 0;
-+int doStopStream = callback( stream_.userBuffer[OUTPUT], stream_.userBuffer[INPUT],
-+stream_.bufferSize, streamTime, status,
-+stream_.callbackInfo.userData );
-+
-+if ( doStopStream == 2 ) {
-+abortStream();
-+return;
-+}
-+
-+MUTEX_LOCK( &stream_.mutex );
-+void *pulse_in = stream_.doConvertBuffer[INPUT] ? stream_.deviceBuffer : stream_.userBuffer[INPUT];
-+void *pulse_out = stream_.doConvertBuffer[OUTPUT] ? stream_.deviceBuffer : stream_.userBuffer[OUTPUT];
-+
-+if ( stream_.state != STREAM_RUNNING )
-+goto unlock;
-+
-+int pa_error;
-+size_t bytes;
-+if (stream_.mode == OUTPUT || stream_.mode == DUPLEX ) {
-+if ( stream_.doConvertBuffer[OUTPUT] ) {
-+convertBuffer( stream_.deviceBuffer,
-+stream_.userBuffer[OUTPUT],
-+stream_.convertInfo[OUTPUT] );
-+bytes = stream_.nDeviceChannels[OUTPUT] * stream_.bufferSize *
-+formatBytes( stream_.deviceFormat[OUTPUT] );
-+} else
-+bytes = stream_.nUserChannels[OUTPUT] * stream_.bufferSize *
-+formatBytes( stream_.userFormat );
-+
-+if ( pa_simple_write( pah->s_play, pulse_out, bytes, &pa_error ) < 0 ) {
-+errorStream_ << "RtApiPulse::callbackEvent: audio write error, " <<
-+pa_strerror( pa_error ) << ".";
-+errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
-+error( RtAudioError::WARNING );
-+}
-+}
-+
-+if ( stream_.mode == INPUT || stream_.mode == DUPLEX) {
-+if ( stream_.doConvertBuffer[INPUT] )
-+bytes = stream_.nDeviceChannels[INPUT] * stream_.bufferSize *
-+formatBytes( stream_.deviceFormat[INPUT] );
-+else
-+bytes = stream_.nUserChannels[INPUT] * stream_.bufferSize *
-+formatBytes( stream_.userFormat );
-+
-+if ( pa_simple_read( pah->s_rec, pulse_in, bytes, &pa_error ) < 0 ) {
-+errorStream_ << "RtApiPulse::callbackEvent: audio read error, " <<
-+pa_strerror( pa_error ) << ".";
-+errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
-+error( RtAudioError::WARNING );
-+}
-+if ( stream_.doConvertBuffer[INPUT] ) {
-+convertBuffer( stream_.userBuffer[INPUT],
-+stream_.deviceBuffer,
-+stream_.convertInfo[INPUT] );
-+}
-+}
-+
-+unlock:
-+MUTEX_UNLOCK( &stream_.mutex );
-+RtApi::tickStreamTime();
-+
-+if ( doStopStream == 1 )
-+stopStream();
-+}
-+
-+void RtApiPulse::startStream( void )
-+{
-+PulseAudioHandle *pah = static_cast<PulseAudioHandle *>( stream_.apiHandle );
-+
-+if ( stream_.state == STREAM_CLOSED ) {
-+errorText_ = "RtApiPulse::startStream(): the stream is not open!";
-+error( RtAudioError::INVALID_USE );
-+return;
-+}
-+if ( stream_.state == STREAM_RUNNING ) {
-+errorText_ = "RtApiPulse::startStream(): the stream is already running!";
-+error( RtAudioError::WARNING );
-+return;
-+}
-+
-+MUTEX_LOCK( &stream_.mutex );
-+
-+stream_.state = STREAM_RUNNING;
-+
-+pah->runnable = true;
-+pthread_cond_signal( &pah->runnable_cv );
-+MUTEX_UNLOCK( &stream_.mutex );
-+}
-+
-+void RtApiPulse::stopStream( void )
-+{
-+PulseAudioHandle *pah = static_cast<PulseAudioHandle *>( stream_.apiHandle );
-+
-+if ( stream_.state == STREAM_CLOSED ) {
-+errorText_ = "RtApiPulse::stopStream(): the stream is not open!";
-+error( RtAudioError::INVALID_USE );
-+return;
-+}
-+if ( stream_.state == STREAM_STOPPED ) {
-+errorText_ = "RtApiPulse::stopStream(): the stream is already stopped!";
-+error( RtAudioError::WARNING );
-+return;
-+}
-+
-+stream_.state = STREAM_STOPPED;
-+MUTEX_LOCK( &stream_.mutex );
-+
-+if ( pah && pah->s_play ) {
-+int pa_error;
-+if ( pa_simple_drain( pah->s_play, &pa_error ) < 0 ) {
-+errorStream_ << "RtApiPulse::stopStream: error draining output device, " <<
-+pa_strerror( pa_error ) << ".";
-+errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
-+MUTEX_UNLOCK( &stream_.mutex );
-+error( RtAudioError::SYSTEM_ERROR );
-+return;
-+}
-+}
-+
-+stream_.state = STREAM_STOPPED;
-+MUTEX_UNLOCK( &stream_.mutex );
-+}
-+
-+void RtApiPulse::abortStream( void )
-+{
-+PulseAudioHandle *pah = static_cast<PulseAudioHandle*>( stream_.apiHandle );
-+
-+if ( stream_.state == STREAM_CLOSED ) {
-+errorText_ = "RtApiPulse::abortStream(): the stream is not open!";
-+error( RtAudioError::INVALID_USE );
-+return;
-+}
-+if ( stream_.state == STREAM_STOPPED ) {
-+errorText_ = "RtApiPulse::abortStream(): the stream is already stopped!";
-+error( RtAudioError::WARNING );
-+return;
-+}
-+
-+stream_.state = STREAM_STOPPED;
-+MUTEX_LOCK( &stream_.mutex );
-+
-+if ( pah && pah->s_play ) {
-+int pa_error;
-+if ( pa_simple_flush( pah->s_play, &pa_error ) < 0 ) {
-+errorStream_ << "RtApiPulse::abortStream: error flushing output device, " <<
-+pa_strerror( pa_error ) << ".";
-+errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
-+MUTEX_UNLOCK( &stream_.mutex );
-+error( RtAudioError::SYSTEM_ERROR );
-+return;
-+}
-+}
-+
-+stream_.state = STREAM_STOPPED;
-+MUTEX_UNLOCK( &stream_.mutex );
-+}
-+
-+bool RtApiPulse::probeDeviceOpen( unsigned int device, StreamMode mode,
-+unsigned int channels, unsigned int firstChannel,
-+unsigned int sampleRate, RtAudioFormat format,
-+unsigned int *bufferSize, RtAudio::StreamOptions *options )
-+{
-+PulseAudioHandle *pah = 0;
-+unsigned long bufferBytes = 0;
-+pa_sample_spec ss;
-+
-+if ( device != 0 ) return false;
-+if ( mode != INPUT && mode != OUTPUT ) return false;
-+if ( channels != 1 && channels != 2 ) {
-+errorText_ = "RtApiPulse::probeDeviceOpen: unsupported number of channels.";
-+return false;
-+}
-+ss.channels = channels;
-+
-+if ( firstChannel != 0 ) return false;
-+
-+bool sr_found = false;
-+for ( const unsigned int *sr = SUPPORTED_SAMPLERATES; *sr; ++sr ) {
-+if ( sampleRate == *sr ) {
-+sr_found = true;
-+stream_.sampleRate = sampleRate;
-+ss.rate = sampleRate;
-+break;
-+}
-+}
-+if ( !sr_found ) {
-+errorText_ = "RtApiPulse::probeDeviceOpen: unsupported sample rate.";
-+return false;
-+}
-+
-+bool sf_found = 0;
-+for ( const rtaudio_pa_format_mapping_t *sf = supported_sampleformats;
-+sf->rtaudio_format && sf->pa_format != PA_SAMPLE_INVALID; ++sf ) {
-+if ( format == sf->rtaudio_format ) {
-+sf_found = true;
-+stream_.userFormat = sf->rtaudio_format;
-+stream_.deviceFormat[mode] = stream_.userFormat;
-+ss.format = sf->pa_format;
-+break;
-+}
-+}
-+if ( !sf_found ) { // Use internal data format conversion.
-+stream_.userFormat = format;
-+stream_.deviceFormat[mode] = RTAUDIO_FLOAT32;
-+ss.format = PA_SAMPLE_FLOAT32LE;
-+}
-+
-+// Set other stream parameters.
-+if ( options && options->flags & RTAUDIO_NONINTERLEAVED ) stream_.userInterleaved = false;
-+else stream_.userInterleaved = true;
-+stream_.deviceInterleaved[mode] = true;
-+stream_.nBuffers = 1;
-+stream_.doByteSwap[mode] = false;
-+stream_.nUserChannels[mode] = channels;
-+stream_.nDeviceChannels[mode] = channels + firstChannel;
-+stream_.channelOffset[mode] = 0;
-+std::string streamName = "RtAudio";
-+
-+// Set flags for buffer conversion.
-+stream_.doConvertBuffer[mode] = false;
-+if ( stream_.userFormat != stream_.deviceFormat[mode] )
-+stream_.doConvertBuffer[mode] = true;
-+if ( stream_.nUserChannels[mode] < stream_.nDeviceChannels[mode] )
-+stream_.doConvertBuffer[mode] = true;
-+
-+// Allocate necessary internal buffers.
-+bufferBytes = stream_.nUserChannels[mode] * *bufferSize * formatBytes( stream_.userFormat );
-+stream_.userBuffer[mode] = (char *) calloc( bufferBytes, 1 );
-+if ( stream_.userBuffer[mode] == NULL ) {
-+errorText_ = "RtApiPulse::probeDeviceOpen: error allocating user buffer memory.";
-+goto error;
-+}
-+stream_.bufferSize = *bufferSize;
-+
-+if ( stream_.doConvertBuffer[mode] ) {
-+
-+bool makeBuffer = true;
-+bufferBytes = stream_.nDeviceChannels[mode] * formatBytes( stream_.deviceFormat[mode] );
-+if ( mode == INPUT ) {
-+if ( stream_.mode == OUTPUT && stream_.deviceBuffer ) {
-+unsigned long bytesOut = stream_.nDeviceChannels[0] * formatBytes( stream_.deviceFormat[0] );
-+if ( bufferBytes <= bytesOut ) makeBuffer = false;
-+}
-+}
-+
-+if ( makeBuffer ) {
-+bufferBytes *= *bufferSize;
-+if ( stream_.deviceBuffer ) free( stream_.deviceBuffer );
-+stream_.deviceBuffer = (char *) calloc( bufferBytes, 1 );
-+if ( stream_.deviceBuffer == NULL ) {
-+errorText_ = "RtApiPulse::probeDeviceOpen: error allocating device buffer memory.";
-+goto error;
-+}
-+}
-+}
-+
-+stream_.device[mode] = device;
-+
-+// Setup the buffer conversion information structure.
-+if ( stream_.doConvertBuffer[mode] ) setConvertInfo( mode, firstChannel );
-+
-+if ( !stream_.apiHandle ) {
-+PulseAudioHandle *pah = new PulseAudioHandle;
-+if ( !pah ) {
-+errorText_ = "RtApiPulse::probeDeviceOpen: error allocating memory for handle.";
-+goto error;
-+}
-+
-+stream_.apiHandle = pah;
-+if ( pthread_cond_init( &pah->runnable_cv, NULL ) != 0 ) {
-+errorText_ = "RtApiPulse::probeDeviceOpen: error creating condition variable.";
-+goto error;
-+}
-+}
-+pah = static_cast<PulseAudioHandle *>( stream_.apiHandle );
-+
-+int error;
-+if ( options && !options->streamName.empty() ) streamName = options->streamName;
-+switch ( mode ) {
-+case INPUT:
-+pa_buffer_attr buffer_attr;
-+buffer_attr.fragsize = bufferBytes;
-+buffer_attr.maxlength = -1;
-+
-+pah->s_rec = pa_simple_new( NULL, streamName.c_str(), PA_STREAM_RECORD, NULL, "Record", &ss, NULL, &buffer_attr, &error );
-+if ( !pah->s_rec ) {
-+errorText_ = "RtApiPulse::probeDeviceOpen: error connecting input to PulseAudio server.";
-+goto error;
-+}
-+break;
-+case OUTPUT:
-+pah->s_play = pa_simple_new( NULL, streamName.c_str(), PA_STREAM_PLAYBACK, NULL, "Playback", &ss, NULL, NULL, &error );
-+if ( !pah->s_play ) {
-+errorText_ = "RtApiPulse::probeDeviceOpen: error connecting output to PulseAudio server.";
-+goto error;
-+}
-+break;
-+default:
-+goto error;
-+}
-+
-+if ( stream_.mode == UNINITIALIZED )
-+stream_.mode = mode;
-+else if ( stream_.mode == mode )
-+goto error;
-+else
-+stream_.mode = DUPLEX;
-+
-+if ( !stream_.callbackInfo.isRunning ) {
-+stream_.callbackInfo.object = this;
-+stream_.callbackInfo.isRunning = true;
-+if ( pthread_create( &pah->thread, NULL, pulseaudio_callback, (void *)&stream_.callbackInfo) != 0 ) {
-+errorText_ = "RtApiPulse::probeDeviceOpen: error creating thread.";
-+goto error;
-+}
-+}
-+
-+stream_.state = STREAM_STOPPED;
-+return true;
-+
-+error:
-+if ( pah && stream_.callbackInfo.isRunning ) {
-+pthread_cond_destroy( &pah->runnable_cv );
-+delete pah;
-+stream_.apiHandle = 0;
-+}
-+
-+for ( int i=0; i<2; i++ ) {
-+if ( stream_.userBuffer[i] ) {
-+free( stream_.userBuffer[i] );
-+stream_.userBuffer[i] = 0;
-+}
-+}
-+
-+if ( stream_.deviceBuffer ) {
-+free( stream_.deviceBuffer );
-+stream_.deviceBuffer = 0;
-+}
-+
-+return FAILURE;
-+}
-+
-+//******************** End of __LINUX_PULSE__ *********************//
-+#endif
-+
-+#if defined(__LINUX_OSS__)
-+
-+#include <unistd.h>
-+#include <sys/ioctl.h>
-+#include <unistd.h>
-+#include <fcntl.h>
-+#include <sys/soundcard.h>
-+#include <errno.h>
-+#include <math.h>
-+
-+static void *ossCallbackHandler(void * ptr);
-+
-+// A structure to hold various information related to the OSS API
-+// implementation.
-+struct OssHandle {
-+int id[2];    // device ids
-+bool xrun[2];
-+bool triggered;
-+pthread_cond_t runnable;
-+
-+OssHandle()
-+:triggered(false) { id[0] = 0; id[1] = 0; xrun[0] = false; xrun[1] = false; }
-+};
-+
-+RtApiOss :: RtApiOss()
-+{
-+// Nothing to do here.
-+}
-+
-+RtApiOss :: ~RtApiOss()
-+{
-+if ( stream_.state != STREAM_CLOSED ) closeStream();
-+}
-+
-+unsigned int RtApiOss :: getDeviceCount( void )
-+{
-+int mixerfd = open( "/dev/mixer", O_RDWR, 0 );
-+if ( mixerfd == -1 ) {
-+errorText_ = "RtApiOss::getDeviceCount: error opening '/dev/mixer'.";
-+error( RtAudioError::WARNING );
-+return 0;
-+}
-+
-+oss_sysinfo sysinfo;
-+if ( ioctl( mixerfd, SNDCTL_SYSINFO, &sysinfo ) == -1 ) {
-+close( mixerfd );
-+errorText_ = "RtApiOss::getDeviceCount: error getting sysinfo, OSS version >= 4.0 is required.";
-+error( RtAudioError::WARNING );
-+return 0;
-+}
-+
-+close( mixerfd );
-+return sysinfo.numaudios;
-+}
-+
-+RtAudio::DeviceInfo RtApiOss :: getDeviceInfo( unsigned int device )
-+{
-+RtAudio::DeviceInfo info;
-+info.probed = false;
-+
-+int mixerfd = open( "/dev/mixer", O_RDWR, 0 );
-+if ( mixerfd == -1 ) {
-+errorText_ = "RtApiOss::getDeviceInfo: error opening '/dev/mixer'.";
-+error( RtAudioError::WARNING );
-+return info;
-+}
-+
-+oss_sysinfo sysinfo;
-+int result = ioctl( mixerfd, SNDCTL_SYSINFO, &sysinfo );
-+if ( result == -1 ) {
-+close( mixerfd );
-+errorText_ = "RtApiOss::getDeviceInfo: error getting sysinfo, OSS version >= 4.0 is required.";
-+error( RtAudioError::WARNING );
-+return info;
-+}
-+
-+unsigned nDevices = sysinfo.numaudios;
-+if ( nDevices == 0 ) {
-+close( mixerfd );
-+errorText_ = "RtApiOss::getDeviceInfo: no devices found!";
-+error( RtAudioError::INVALID_USE );
-+return info;
-+}
-+
-+if ( device >= nDevices ) {
-+close( mixerfd );
-+errorText_ = "RtApiOss::getDeviceInfo: device ID is invalid!";
-+error( RtAudioError::INVALID_USE );
-+return info;
-+}
-+
-+oss_audioinfo ainfo;
-+ainfo.dev = device;
-+result = ioctl( mixerfd, SNDCTL_AUDIOINFO, &ainfo );
-+close( mixerfd );
-+if ( result == -1 ) {
-+errorStream_ << "RtApiOss::getDeviceInfo: error getting device (" << ainfo.name << ") info.";
-+errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
-+error( RtAudioError::WARNING );
-+return info;
-+}
-+
-+// Probe channels
-+if ( ainfo.caps & PCM_CAP_OUTPUT ) info.outputChannels = ainfo.max_channels;
-+if ( ainfo.caps & PCM_CAP_INPUT ) info.inputChannels = ainfo.max_channels;
-+if ( ainfo.caps & PCM_CAP_DUPLEX ) {
-+if ( info.outputChannels > 0 && info.inputChannels > 0 && ainfo.caps & PCM_CAP_DUPLEX )
-+info.duplexChannels = (info.outputChannels > info.inputChannels) ? info.inputChannels : info.outputChannels;
-+}
-+
-+// Probe data formats ... do for input
-+unsigned long mask = ainfo.iformats;
-+if ( mask & AFMT_S16_LE || mask & AFMT_S16_BE )
-+info.nativeFormats |= RTAUDIO_SINT16;
-+if ( mask & AFMT_S8 )
-+info.nativeFormats |= RTAUDIO_SINT8;
-+if ( mask & AFMT_S32_LE || mask & AFMT_S32_BE )
-+info.nativeFormats |= RTAUDIO_SINT32;
-+#ifdef AFMT_FLOAT
-+if ( mask & AFMT_FLOAT )
-+info.nativeFormats |= RTAUDIO_FLOAT32;
-+#endif
-+if ( mask & AFMT_S24_LE || mask & AFMT_S24_BE )
-+info.nativeFormats |= RTAUDIO_SINT24;
-+
-+// Check that we have at least one supported format
-+if ( info.nativeFormats == 0 ) {
-+errorStream_ << "RtApiOss::getDeviceInfo: device (" << ainfo.name << ") data format not supported by RtAudio.";
-+errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
-+error( RtAudioError::WARNING );
-+return info;
-+}
-+
-+// Probe the supported sample rates.
-+info.sampleRates.clear();
-+if ( ainfo.nrates ) {
-+for ( unsigned int i=0; i<ainfo.nrates; i++ ) {
-+for ( unsigned int k=0; k<MAX_SAMPLE_RATES; k++ ) {
-+if ( ainfo.rates[i] == SAMPLE_RATES[k] ) {
-+info.sampleRates.push_back( SAMPLE_RATES[k] );
-+
-+if ( !info.preferredSampleRate || ( SAMPLE_RATES[k] <= 48000 && SAMPLE_RATES[k] > info.preferredSampleRate ) )
-+info.preferredSampleRate = SAMPLE_RATES[k];
-+
-+break;
-+}
-+}
-+}
-+}
-+else {
-+// Check min and max rate values;
-+for ( unsigned int k=0; k<MAX_SAMPLE_RATES; k++ ) {
-+if ( ainfo.min_rate <= (int) SAMPLE_RATES[k] && ainfo.max_rate >= (int) SAMPLE_RATES[k] ) {
-+info.sampleRates.push_back( SAMPLE_RATES[k] );
-+
-+if ( !info.preferredSampleRate || ( SAMPLE_RATES[k] <= 48000 && SAMPLE_RATES[k] > info.preferredSampleRate ) )
-+info.preferredSampleRate = SAMPLE_RATES[k];
-+}
-+}
-+}
-+
-+if ( info.sampleRates.size() == 0 ) {
-+errorStream_ << "RtApiOss::getDeviceInfo: no supported sample rates found for device (" << ainfo.name << ").";
-+errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
-+error( RtAudioError::WARNING );
-+}
-+else {
-+info.probed = true;
-+info.name = ainfo.name;
-+}
-+
-+return info;
-+}
-+
-+
-+bool RtApiOss :: probeDeviceOpen( unsigned int device, StreamMode mode, unsigned int channels,
-+unsigned int firstChannel, unsigned int sampleRate,
-+RtAudioFormat format, unsigned int *bufferSize,
-+RtAudio::StreamOptions *options )
-+{
-+int mixerfd = open( "/dev/mixer", O_RDWR, 0 );
-+if ( mixerfd == -1 ) {
-+errorText_ = "RtApiOss::probeDeviceOpen: error opening '/dev/mixer'.";
-+return FAILURE;
-+}
-+
-+oss_sysinfo sysinfo;
-+int result = ioctl( mixerfd, SNDCTL_SYSINFO, &sysinfo );
-+if ( result == -1 ) {
-+close( mixerfd );
-+errorText_ = "RtApiOss::probeDeviceOpen: error getting sysinfo, OSS version >= 4.0 is required.";
-+return FAILURE;
-+}
-+
-+unsigned nDevices = sysinfo.numaudios;
-+if ( nDevices == 0 ) {
-+// This should not happen because a check is made before this function is called.
-+close( mixerfd );
-+errorText_ = "RtApiOss::probeDeviceOpen: no devices found!";
-+return FAILURE;
-+}
-+
-+if ( device >= nDevices ) {
-+// This should not happen because a check is made before this function is called.
-+close( mixerfd );
-+errorText_ = "RtApiOss::probeDeviceOpen: device ID is invalid!";
-+return FAILURE;
-+}
-+
-+oss_audioinfo ainfo;
-+ainfo.dev = device;
-+result = ioctl( mixerfd, SNDCTL_AUDIOINFO, &ainfo );
-+close( mixerfd );
-+if ( result == -1 ) {
-+errorStream_ << "RtApiOss::getDeviceInfo: error getting device (" << ainfo.name << ") info.";
-+errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
-+return FAILURE;
-+}
-+
-+// Check if device supports input or output
-+if ( ( mode == OUTPUT && !( ainfo.caps & PCM_CAP_OUTPUT ) ) ||
-+( mode == INPUT && !( ainfo.caps & PCM_CAP_INPUT ) ) ) {
-+if ( mode == OUTPUT )
-+errorStream_ << "RtApiOss::probeDeviceOpen: device (" << ainfo.name << ") does not support output.";
-+else
-+errorStream_ << "RtApiOss::probeDeviceOpen: device (" << ainfo.name << ") does not support input.";
-+errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
-+return FAILURE;
-+}
-+
-+int flags = 0;
-+OssHandle *handle = (OssHandle *) stream_.apiHandle;
-+if ( mode == OUTPUT )
-+flags |= O_WRONLY;
-+else { // mode == INPUT
-+if (stream_.mode == OUTPUT && stream_.device[0] == device) {
-+// We just set the same device for playback ... close and reopen for duplex (OSS only).
-+close( handle->id[0] );
-+handle->id[0] = 0;
-+if ( !( ainfo.caps & PCM_CAP_DUPLEX ) ) {
-+errorStream_ << "RtApiOss::probeDeviceOpen: device (" << ainfo.name << ") does not support duplex mode.";
-+errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
-+return FAILURE;
-+}
-+// Check that the number previously set channels is the same.
-+if ( stream_.nUserChannels[0] != channels ) {
-+errorStream_ << "RtApiOss::probeDeviceOpen: input/output channels must be equal for OSS duplex device (" << ainfo.name << ").";
-+errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
-+return FAILURE;
-+}
-+flags |= O_RDWR;
-+}
-+else
-+flags |= O_RDONLY;
-+}
-+
-+// Set exclusive access if specified.
-+if ( options && options->flags & RTAUDIO_HOG_DEVICE ) flags |= O_EXCL;
-+
-+// Try to open the device.
-+int fd;
-+fd = open( ainfo.devnode, flags, 0 );
-+if ( fd == -1 ) {
-+if ( errno == EBUSY )
-+errorStream_ << "RtApiOss::probeDeviceOpen: device (" << ainfo.name << ") is busy.";
-+else
-+errorStream_ << "RtApiOss::probeDeviceOpen: error opening device (" << ainfo.name << ").";
-+errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
-+return FAILURE;
-+}
-+
-+// For duplex operation, specifically set this mode (this doesn't seem to work).
-+/*
-+if ( flags | O_RDWR ) {
-+result = ioctl( fd, SNDCTL_DSP_SETDUPLEX, NULL );
-+if ( result == -1) {
-+errorStream_ << "RtApiOss::probeDeviceOpen: error setting duplex mode for device (" << ainfo.name << ").";
-+errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
-+return FAILURE;
-+}
-+}
-+*/
-+
-+// Check the device channel support.
-+stream_.nUserChannels[mode] = channels;
-+if ( ainfo.max_channels < (int)(channels + firstChannel) ) {
-+close( fd );
-+errorStream_ << "RtApiOss::probeDeviceOpen: the device (" << ainfo.name << ") does not support requested channel parameters.";
-+errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
-+return FAILURE;
-+}
-+
-+// Set the number of channels.
-+int deviceChannels = channels + firstChannel;
-+result = ioctl( fd, SNDCTL_DSP_CHANNELS, &deviceChannels );
-+if ( result == -1 || deviceChannels < (int)(channels + firstChannel) ) {
-+close( fd );
-+errorStream_ << "RtApiOss::probeDeviceOpen: error setting channel parameters on device (" << ainfo.name << ").";
-+errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
-+return FAILURE;
-+}
-+stream_.nDeviceChannels[mode] = deviceChannels;
-+
-+// Get the data format mask
-+int mask;
-+result = ioctl( fd, SNDCTL_DSP_GETFMTS, &mask );
-+if ( result == -1 ) {
-+close( fd );
-+errorStream_ << "RtApiOss::probeDeviceOpen: error getting device (" << ainfo.name << ") data formats.";
-+errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
-+return FAILURE;
-+}
-+
-+// Determine how to set the device format.
-+stream_.userFormat = format;
-+int deviceFormat = -1;
-+stream_.doByteSwap[mode] = false;
-+if ( format == RTAUDIO_SINT8 ) {
-+if ( mask & AFMT_S8 ) {
-+deviceFormat = AFMT_S8;
-+stream_.deviceFormat[mode] = RTAUDIO_SINT8;
-+}
-+}
-+else if ( format == RTAUDIO_SINT16 ) {
-+if ( mask & AFMT_S16_NE ) {
-+deviceFormat = AFMT_S16_NE;
-+stream_.deviceFormat[mode] = RTAUDIO_SINT16;
-+}
-+else if ( mask & AFMT_S16_OE ) {
-+deviceFormat = AFMT_S16_OE;
-+stream_.deviceFormat[mode] = RTAUDIO_SINT16;
-+stream_.doByteSwap[mode] = true;
-+}
-+}
-+else if ( format == RTAUDIO_SINT24 ) {
-+if ( mask & AFMT_S24_NE ) {
-+deviceFormat = AFMT_S24_NE;
-+stream_.deviceFormat[mode] = RTAUDIO_SINT24;
-+}
-+else if ( mask & AFMT_S24_OE ) {
-+deviceFormat = AFMT_S24_OE;
-+stream_.deviceFormat[mode] = RTAUDIO_SINT24;
-+stream_.doByteSwap[mode] = true;
-+}
-+}
-+else if ( format == RTAUDIO_SINT32 ) {
-+if ( mask & AFMT_S32_NE ) {
-+deviceFormat = AFMT_S32_NE;
-+stream_.deviceFormat[mode] = RTAUDIO_SINT32;
-+}
-+else if ( mask & AFMT_S32_OE ) {
-+deviceFormat = AFMT_S32_OE;
-+stream_.deviceFormat[mode] = RTAUDIO_SINT32;
-+stream_.doByteSwap[mode] = true;
-+}
-+}
-+
-+if ( deviceFormat == -1 ) {
-+// The user requested format is not natively supported by the device.
-+if ( mask & AFMT_S16_NE ) {
-+deviceFormat = AFMT_S16_NE;
-+stream_.deviceFormat[mode] = RTAUDIO_SINT16;
-+}
-+else if ( mask & AFMT_S32_NE ) {
-+deviceFormat = AFMT_S32_NE;
-+stream_.deviceFormat[mode] = RTAUDIO_SINT32;
-+}
-+else if ( mask & AFMT_S24_NE ) {
-+deviceFormat = AFMT_S24_NE;
-+stream_.deviceFormat[mode] = RTAUDIO_SINT24;
-+}
-+else if ( mask & AFMT_S16_OE ) {
-+deviceFormat = AFMT_S16_OE;
-+stream_.deviceFormat[mode] = RTAUDIO_SINT16;
-+stream_.doByteSwap[mode] = true;
-+}
-+else if ( mask & AFMT_S32_OE ) {
-+deviceFormat = AFMT_S32_OE;
-+stream_.deviceFormat[mode] = RTAUDIO_SINT32;
-+stream_.doByteSwap[mode] = true;
-+}
-+else if ( mask & AFMT_S24_OE ) {
-+deviceFormat = AFMT_S24_OE;
-+stream_.deviceFormat[mode] = RTAUDIO_SINT24;
-+stream_.doByteSwap[mode] = true;
-+}
-+else if ( mask & AFMT_S8) {
-+deviceFormat = AFMT_S8;
-+stream_.deviceFormat[mode] = RTAUDIO_SINT8;
-+}
-+}
-+
-+if ( stream_.deviceFormat[mode] == 0 ) {
-+// This really shouldn't happen ...
-+close( fd );
-+errorStream_ << "RtApiOss::probeDeviceOpen: device (" << ainfo.name << ") data format not supported by RtAudio.";
-+errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
-+return FAILURE;
-+}
-+
-+// Set the data format.
-+int temp = deviceFormat;
-+result = ioctl( fd, SNDCTL_DSP_SETFMT, &deviceFormat );
-+if ( result == -1 || deviceFormat != temp ) {
-+close( fd );
-+errorStream_ << "RtApiOss::probeDeviceOpen: error setting data format on device (" << ainfo.name << ").";
-+errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
-+return FAILURE;
-+}
-+
-+// Attempt to set the buffer size.  According to OSS, the minimum
-+// number of buffers is two.  The supposed minimum buffer size is 16
-+// bytes, so that will be our lower bound.  The argument to this
-+// call is in the form 0xMMMMSSSS (hex), where the buffer size (in
-+// bytes) is given as 2^SSSS and the number of buffers as 2^MMMM.
-+// We'll check the actual value used near the end of the setup
-+// procedure.
-+int ossBufferBytes = *bufferSize * formatBytes( stream_.deviceFormat[mode] ) * deviceChannels;
-+if ( ossBufferBytes < 16 ) ossBufferBytes = 16;
-+int buffers = 0;
-+if ( options ) buffers = options->numberOfBuffers;
-+if ( options && options->flags & RTAUDIO_MINIMIZE_LATENCY ) buffers = 2;
-+if ( buffers < 2 ) buffers = 3;
-+temp = ((int) buffers << 16) + (int)( log10( (double)ossBufferBytes ) / log10( 2.0 ) );
-+result = ioctl( fd, SNDCTL_DSP_SETFRAGMENT, &temp );
-+if ( result == -1 ) {
-+close( fd );
-+errorStream_ << "RtApiOss::probeDeviceOpen: error setting buffer size on device (" << ainfo.name << ").";
-+errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
-+return FAILURE;
-+}
-+stream_.nBuffers = buffers;
-+
-+// Save buffer size (in sample frames).
-+*bufferSize = ossBufferBytes / ( formatBytes(stream_.deviceFormat[mode]) * deviceChannels );
-+stream_.bufferSize = *bufferSize;
-+
-+// Set the sample rate.
-+int srate = sampleRate;
-+result = ioctl( fd, SNDCTL_DSP_SPEED, &srate );
-+if ( result == -1 ) {
-+close( fd );
-+errorStream_ << "RtApiOss::probeDeviceOpen: error setting sample rate (" << sampleRate << ") on device (" << ainfo.name << ").";
-+errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
-+return FAILURE;
-+}
-+
-+// Verify the sample rate setup worked.
-+if ( abs( srate - (int)sampleRate ) > 100 ) {
-+close( fd );
-+errorStream_ << "RtApiOss::probeDeviceOpen: device (" << ainfo.name << ") does not support sample rate (" << sampleRate << ").";
-+errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
-+return FAILURE;
-+}
-+stream_.sampleRate = sampleRate;
-+
-+if ( mode == INPUT && stream_.mode == OUTPUT && stream_.device[0] == device) {
-+// We're doing duplex setup here.
-+stream_.deviceFormat[0] = stream_.deviceFormat[1];
-+stream_.nDeviceChannels[0] = deviceChannels;
-+}
-+
-+// Set interleaving parameters.
-+stream_.userInterleaved = true;
-+stream_.deviceInterleaved[mode] =  true;
-+if ( options && options->flags & RTAUDIO_NONINTERLEAVED )
-+stream_.userInterleaved = false;
-+
-+// Set flags for buffer conversion
-+stream_.doConvertBuffer[mode] = false;
-+if ( stream_.userFormat != stream_.deviceFormat[mode] )
-+stream_.doConvertBuffer[mode] = true;
-+if ( stream_.nUserChannels[mode] < stream_.nDeviceChannels[mode] )
-+stream_.doConvertBuffer[mode] = true;
-+if ( stream_.userInterleaved != stream_.deviceInterleaved[mode] &&
-+stream_.nUserChannels[mode] > 1 )
-+stream_.doConvertBuffer[mode] = true;
-+
-+// Allocate the stream handles if necessary and then save.
-+if ( stream_.apiHandle == 0 ) {
-+try {
-+handle = new OssHandle;
-+}
-+catch ( std::bad_alloc& ) {
-+errorText_ = "RtApiOss::probeDeviceOpen: error allocating OssHandle memory.";
-+goto error;
-+}
-+
-+if ( pthread_cond_init( &handle->runnable, NULL ) ) {
-+errorText_ = "RtApiOss::probeDeviceOpen: error initializing pthread condition variable.";
-+goto error;
-+}
-+
-+stream_.apiHandle = (void *) handle;
-+}
-+else {
-+handle = (OssHandle *) stream_.apiHandle;
-+}
-+handle->id[mode] = fd;
-+
-+// Allocate necessary internal buffers.
-+unsigned long bufferBytes;
-+bufferBytes = stream_.nUserChannels[mode] * *bufferSize * formatBytes( stream_.userFormat );
-+stream_.userBuffer[mode] = (char *) calloc( bufferBytes, 1 );
-+if ( stream_.userBuffer[mode] == NULL ) {
-+errorText_ = "RtApiOss::probeDeviceOpen: error allocating user buffer memory.";
-+goto error;
-+}
-+
-+if ( stream_.doConvertBuffer[mode] ) {
-+
-+bool makeBuffer = true;
-+bufferBytes = stream_.nDeviceChannels[mode] * formatBytes( stream_.deviceFormat[mode] );
-+if ( mode == INPUT ) {
-+if ( stream_.mode == OUTPUT && stream_.deviceBuffer ) {
-+unsigned long bytesOut = stream_.nDeviceChannels[0] * formatBytes( stream_.deviceFormat[0] );
-+if ( bufferBytes <= bytesOut ) makeBuffer = false;
-+}
-+}
-+
-+if ( makeBuffer ) {
-+bufferBytes *= *bufferSize;
-+if ( stream_.deviceBuffer ) free( stream_.deviceBuffer );
-+stream_.deviceBuffer = (char *) calloc( bufferBytes, 1 );
-+if ( stream_.deviceBuffer == NULL ) {
-+errorText_ = "RtApiOss::probeDeviceOpen: error allocating device buffer memory.";
-+goto error;
-+}
-+}
-+}
-+
-+stream_.device[mode] = device;
-+stream_.state = STREAM_STOPPED;
-+
-+// Setup the buffer conversion information structure.
-+if ( stream_.doConvertBuffer[mode] ) setConvertInfo( mode, firstChannel );
-+
-+// Setup thread if necessary.
-+if ( stream_.mode == OUTPUT && mode == INPUT ) {
-+// We had already set up an output stream.
-+stream_.mode = DUPLEX;
-+if ( stream_.device[0] == device ) handle->id[0] = fd;
-+}
-+else {
-+stream_.mode = mode;
-+
-+// Setup callback thread.
-+stream_.callbackInfo.object = (void *) this;
-+
-+// Set the thread attributes for joinable and realtime scheduling
-+// priority.  The higher priority will only take affect if the
-+// program is run as root or suid.
-+pthread_attr_t attr;
-+pthread_attr_init( &attr );
-+pthread_attr_setdetachstate( &attr, PTHREAD_CREATE_JOINABLE );
-+#ifdef SCHED_RR // Undefined with some OSes (eg: NetBSD 1.6.x with GNU Pthread)
-+if ( options && options->flags & RTAUDIO_SCHEDULE_REALTIME ) {
-+struct sched_param param;
-+int priority = options->priority;
-+int min = sched_get_priority_min( SCHED_RR );
-+int max = sched_get_priority_max( SCHED_RR );
-+if ( priority < min ) priority = min;
-+else if ( priority > max ) priority = max;
-+param.sched_priority = priority;
-+pthread_attr_setschedparam( &attr, &param );
-+pthread_attr_setschedpolicy( &attr, SCHED_RR );
-+}
-+else
-+pthread_attr_setschedpolicy( &attr, SCHED_OTHER );
-+#else
-+pthread_attr_setschedpolicy( &attr, SCHED_OTHER );
-+#endif
-+
-+stream_.callbackInfo.isRunning = true;
-+result = pthread_create( &stream_.callbackInfo.thread, &attr, ossCallbackHandler, &stream_.callbackInfo );
-+pthread_attr_destroy( &attr );
-+if ( result ) {
-+stream_.callbackInfo.isRunning = false;
-+errorText_ = "RtApiOss::error creating callback thread!";
-+goto error;
-+}
-+}
-+
-+return SUCCESS;
-+
-+error:
-+if ( handle ) {
-+pthread_cond_destroy( &handle->runnable );
-+if ( handle->id[0] ) close( handle->id[0] );
-+if ( handle->id[1] ) close( handle->id[1] );
-+delete handle;
-+stream_.apiHandle = 0;
-+}
-+
-+for ( int i=0; i<2; i++ ) {
-+if ( stream_.userBuffer[i] ) {
-+free( stream_.userBuffer[i] );
-+stream_.userBuffer[i] = 0;
-+}
-+}
-+
-+if ( stream_.deviceBuffer ) {
-+free( stream_.deviceBuffer );
-+stream_.deviceBuffer = 0;
-+}
-+
-+return FAILURE;
-+}
-+
-+void RtApiOss :: closeStream()
-+{
-+if ( stream_.state == STREAM_CLOSED ) {
-+errorText_ = "RtApiOss::closeStream(): no open stream to close!";
-+error( RtAudioError::WARNING );
-+return;
-+}
-+
-+OssHandle *handle = (OssHandle *) stream_.apiHandle;
-+stream_.callbackInfo.isRunning = false;
-+MUTEX_LOCK( &stream_.mutex );
-+if ( stream_.state == STREAM_STOPPED )
-+pthread_cond_signal( &handle->runnable );
-+MUTEX_UNLOCK( &stream_.mutex );
-+pthread_join( stream_.callbackInfo.thread, NULL );
-+
-+if ( stream_.state == STREAM_RUNNING ) {
-+if ( stream_.mode == OUTPUT || stream_.mode == DUPLEX )
-+ioctl( handle->id[0], SNDCTL_DSP_HALT, 0 );
-+else
-+ioctl( handle->id[1], SNDCTL_DSP_HALT, 0 );
-+stream_.state = STREAM_STOPPED;
-+}
-+
-+if ( handle ) {
-+pthread_cond_destroy( &handle->runnable );
-+if ( handle->id[0] ) close( handle->id[0] );
-+if ( handle->id[1] ) close( handle->id[1] );
-+delete handle;
-+stream_.apiHandle = 0;
-+}
-+
-+for ( int i=0; i<2; i++ ) {
-+if ( stream_.userBuffer[i] ) {
-+free( stream_.userBuffer[i] );
-+stream_.userBuffer[i] = 0;
-+}
-+}
-+
-+if ( stream_.deviceBuffer ) {
-+free( stream_.deviceBuffer );
-+stream_.deviceBuffer = 0;
-+}
-+
-+stream_.mode = UNINITIALIZED;
-+stream_.state = STREAM_CLOSED;
-+}
-+
-+void RtApiOss :: startStream()
-+{
-+verifyStream();
-+if ( stream_.state == STREAM_RUNNING ) {
-+errorText_ = "RtApiOss::startStream(): the stream is already running!";
-+error( RtAudioError::WARNING );
-+return;
-+}
-+
-+MUTEX_LOCK( &stream_.mutex );
-+
-+stream_.state = STREAM_RUNNING;
-+
-+// No need to do anything else here ... OSS automatically starts
-+// when fed samples.
-+
-+MUTEX_UNLOCK( &stream_.mutex );
-+
-+OssHandle *handle = (OssHandle *) stream_.apiHandle;
-+pthread_cond_signal( &handle->runnable );
-+}
-+
-+void RtApiOss :: stopStream()
-+{
-+verifyStream();
-+if ( stream_.state == STREAM_STOPPED ) {
-+errorText_ = "RtApiOss::stopStream(): the stream is already stopped!";
-+error( RtAudioError::WARNING );
-+return;
-+}
-+
-+MUTEX_LOCK( &stream_.mutex );
-+
-+// The state might change while waiting on a mutex.
-+if ( stream_.state == STREAM_STOPPED ) {
-+MUTEX_UNLOCK( &stream_.mutex );
-+return;
-+}
-+
-+int result = 0;
-+OssHandle *handle = (OssHandle *) stream_.apiHandle;
-+if ( stream_.mode == OUTPUT || stream_.mode == DUPLEX ) {
-+
-+// Flush the output with zeros a few times.
-+char *buffer;
-+int samples;
-+RtAudioFormat format;
-+
-+if ( stream_.doConvertBuffer[0] ) {
-+buffer = stream_.deviceBuffer;
-+samples = stream_.bufferSize * stream_.nDeviceChannels[0];
-+format = stream_.deviceFormat[0];
-+}
-+else {
-+buffer = stream_.userBuffer[0];
-+samples = stream_.bufferSize * stream_.nUserChannels[0];
-+format = stream_.userFormat;
-+}
-+
-+memset( buffer, 0, samples * formatBytes(format) );
-+for ( unsigned int i=0; i<stream_.nBuffers+1; i++ ) {
-+result = write( handle->id[0], buffer, samples * formatBytes(format) );
-+if ( result == -1 ) {
-+errorText_ = "RtApiOss::stopStream: audio write error.";
-+error( RtAudioError::WARNING );
-+}
-+}
-+
-+result = ioctl( handle->id[0], SNDCTL_DSP_HALT, 0 );
-+if ( result == -1 ) {
-+errorStream_ << "RtApiOss::stopStream: system error stopping callback procedure on device (" << stream_.device[0] << ").";
-+errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
-+goto unlock;
-+}
-+handle->triggered = false;
-+}
-+
-+if ( stream_.mode == INPUT || ( stream_.mode == DUPLEX && handle->id[0] != handle->id[1] ) ) {
-+result = ioctl( handle->id[1], SNDCTL_DSP_HALT, 0 );
-+if ( result == -1 ) {
-+errorStream_ << "RtApiOss::stopStream: system error stopping input callback procedure on device (" << stream_.device[0] << ").";
-+errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
-+goto unlock;
-+}
-+}
-+
-+unlock:
-+stream_.state = STREAM_STOPPED;
-+MUTEX_UNLOCK( &stream_.mutex );
-+
-+if ( result != -1 ) return;
-+error( RtAudioError::SYSTEM_ERROR );
-+}
-+
-+void RtApiOss :: abortStream()
-+{
-+verifyStream();
-+if ( stream_.state == STREAM_STOPPED ) {
-+errorText_ = "RtApiOss::abortStream(): the stream is already stopped!";
-+error( RtAudioError::WARNING );
-+return;
-+}
-+
-+MUTEX_LOCK( &stream_.mutex );
-+
-+// The state might change while waiting on a mutex.
-+if ( stream_.state == STREAM_STOPPED ) {
-+MUTEX_UNLOCK( &stream_.mutex );
-+return;
-+}
-+
-+int result = 0;
-+OssHandle *handle = (OssHandle *) stream_.apiHandle;
-+if ( stream_.mode == OUTPUT || stream_.mode == DUPLEX ) {
-+result = ioctl( handle->id[0], SNDCTL_DSP_HALT, 0 );
-+if ( result == -1 ) {
-+errorStream_ << "RtApiOss::abortStream: system error stopping callback procedure on device (" << stream_.device[0] << ").";
-+errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
-+goto unlock;
-+}
-+handle->triggered = false;
-+}
-+
-+if ( stream_.mode == INPUT || ( stream_.mode == DUPLEX && handle->id[0] != handle->id[1] ) ) {
-+result = ioctl( handle->id[1], SNDCTL_DSP_HALT, 0 );
-+if ( result == -1 ) {
-+errorStream_ << "RtApiOss::abortStream: system error stopping input callback procedure on device (" << stream_.device[0] << ").";
-+errorText_ = errorStream_.str();
-+goto unlock;
-+}
-+}
-+
-+unlock:
-+stream_.state = STREAM_STOPPED;
-+MUTEX_UNLOCK( &stream_.mutex );
-+
-+if ( result != -1 ) return;
-+error( RtAudioError::SYSTEM_ERROR );
-+}
-+
-+void RtApiOss :: callbackEvent()
-+{
-+OssHandle *handle = (OssHandle *) stream_.apiHandle;
-+if ( stream_.state == STREAM_STOPPED ) {
-+MUTEX_LOCK( &stream_.mutex );
-+pthread_cond_wait( &handle->runnable, &stream_.mutex );
-+if ( stream_.state != STREAM_RUNNING ) {
-+MUTEX_UNLOCK( &stream_.mutex );
-+return;
-+}
-+MUTEX_UNLOCK( &stream_.mutex );
-+}
-+
-+if ( stream_.state == STREAM_CLOSED ) {
-+errorText_ = "RtApiOss::callbackEvent(): the stream is closed ... this shouldn't happen!";
-+error( RtAudioError::WARNING );
-+return;
-+}
-+
-+// Invoke user callback to get fresh output data.
-+int doStopStream = 0;
-+RtAudioCallback callback = (RtAudioCallback) stream_.callbackInfo.callback;
-+double streamTime = getStreamTime();
-+RtAudioStreamStatus status = 0;
-+if ( stream_.mode != INPUT && handle->xrun[0] == true ) {
-+status |= RTAUDIO_OUTPUT_UNDERFLOW;
-+handle->xrun[0] = false;
-+}
-+if ( stream_.mode != OUTPUT && handle->xrun[1] == true ) {
-+status |= RTAUDIO_INPUT_OVERFLOW;
-+handle->xrun[1] = false;
-+}
-+doStopStream = callback( stream_.userBuffer[0], stream_.userBuffer[1],
-+stream_.bufferSize, streamTime, status, stream_.callbackInfo.userData );
-+if ( doStopStream == 2 ) {
-+this->abortStream();
-+return;
-+}
-+
-+MUTEX_LOCK( &stream_.mutex );
-+
-+// The state might change while waiting on a mutex.
-+if ( stream_.state == STREAM_STOPPED ) goto unlock;
-+
-+int result;
-+char *buffer;
-+int samples;
-+RtAudioFormat format;
-+
-+if ( stream_.mode == OUTPUT || stream_.mode == DUPLEX ) {
-+
-+// Setup parameters and do buffer conversion if necessary.
-+if ( stream_.doConvertBuffer[0] ) {
-+buffer = stream_.deviceBuffer;
-+convertBuffer( buffer, stream_.userBuffer[0], stream_.convertInfo[0] );
-+samples = stream_.bufferSize * stream_.nDeviceChannels[0];
-+format = stream_.deviceFormat[0];
-+}
-+else {
-+buffer = stream_.userBuffer[0];
-+samples = stream_.bufferSize * stream_.nUserChannels[0];
-+format = stream_.userFormat;
-+}
-+
-+// Do byte swapping if necessary.
-+if ( stream_.doByteSwap[0] )
-+byteSwapBuffer( buffer, samples, format );
-+
-+if ( stream_.mode == DUPLEX && handle->triggered == false ) {
-+int trig = 0;
-+ioctl( handle->id[0], SNDCTL_DSP_SETTRIGGER, &trig );
-+result = write( handle->id[0], buffer, samples * formatBytes(format) );
-+trig = PCM_ENABLE_INPUT|PCM_ENABLE_OUTPUT;
-+ioctl( handle->id[0], SNDCTL_DSP_SETTRIGGER, &trig );
-+handle->triggered = true;
-+}
-+else
-+// Write samples to device.
-+result = write( handle->id[0], buffer, samples * formatBytes(format) );
-+
-+if ( result == -1 ) {
-+// We'll assume this is an underrun, though there isn't a
-+// specific means for determining that.
-+handle->xrun[0] = true;
-+errorText_ = "RtApiOss::callbackEvent: audio write error.";
-+error( RtAudioError::WARNING );
-+// Continue on to input section.
-+}
-+}
-+
-+if ( stream_.mode == INPUT || stream_.mode == DUPLEX ) {
-+
-+// Setup parameters.
-+if ( stream_.doConvertBuffer[1] ) {
-+buffer = stream_.deviceBuffer;
-+samples = stream_.bufferSize * stream_.nDeviceChannels[1];
-+format = stream_.deviceFormat[1];
-+}
-+else {
-+buffer = stream_.userBuffer[1];
-+samples = stream_.bufferSize * stream_.nUserChannels[1];
-+format = stream_.userFormat;
-+}
-+
-+// Read samples from device.
-+result = read( handle->id[1], buffer, samples * formatBytes(format) );
-+
-+if ( result == -1 ) {
-+// We'll assume this is an overrun, though there isn't a
-+// specific means for determining that.
-+handle->xrun[1] = true;
-+errorText_ = "RtApiOss::callbackEvent: audio read error.";
-+error( RtAudioError::WARNING );
-+goto unlock;
-+}
-+
-+// Do byte swapping if necessary.
-+if ( stream_.doByteSwap[1] )
-+byteSwapBuffer( buffer, samples, format );
-+
-+// Do buffer conversion if necessary.
-+if ( stream_.doConvertBuffer[1] )
-+convertBuffer( stream_.userBuffer[1], stream_.deviceBuffer, stream_.convertInfo[1] );
-+}
-+
-+unlock:
-+MUTEX_UNLOCK( &stream_.mutex );
-+
-+RtApi::tickStreamTime();
-+if ( doStopStream == 1 ) this->stopStream();
-+}
-+
-+static void *ossCallbackHandler( void *ptr )
-+{
-+CallbackInfo *info = (CallbackInfo *) ptr;
-+RtApiOss *object = (RtApiOss *) info->object;
-+bool *isRunning = &info->isRunning;
-+
-+while ( *isRunning == true ) {
-+pthread_testcancel();
-+object->callbackEvent();
-+}
-+
-+pthread_exit( NULL );
-+}
-+
-+//******************** End of __LINUX_OSS__ *********************//
-+#endif
-+
-+
-+// *************************************************** //
-+//
-+// Protected common (OS-independent) RtAudio methods.
-+//
-+// *************************************************** //
-+
-+// This method can be modified to control the behavior of error
-+// message printing.
-+void RtApi :: error( RtAudioError::Type type )
-+{
-+errorStream_.str(""); // clear the ostringstream
-+
-+RtAudioErrorCallback errorCallback = (RtAudioErrorCallback) stream_.callbackInfo.errorCallback;
-+if ( errorCallback ) {
-+// abortStream() can generate new error messages. Ignore them. Just keep original one.
-+
-+if ( firstErrorOccurred_ )
-+return;
-+
-+firstErrorOccurred_ = true;
-+const std::string errorMessage = errorText_;
-+
-+if ( type != RtAudioError::WARNING && stream_.state != STREAM_STOPPED) {
-+stream_.callbackInfo.isRunning = false; // exit from the thread
-+abortStream();
-+}
-+
-+errorCallback( type, errorMessage );
-+firstErrorOccurred_ = false;
-+return;
-+}
-+
-+if ( type == RtAudioError::WARNING && showWarnings_ == true )
-+std::cerr << '\n' << errorText_ << "\n\n";
-+else if ( type != RtAudioError::WARNING )
-+throw( RtAudioError( errorText_, type ) );
-+}
-+
-+void RtApi :: verifyStream()
-+{
-+if ( stream_.state == STREAM_CLOSED ) {
-+errorText_ = "RtApi:: a stream is not open!";
-+error( RtAudioError::INVALID_USE );
-+}
-+}
-+
-+void RtApi :: clearStreamInfo()
-+{
-+stream_.mode = UNINITIALIZED;
-+stream_.state = STREAM_CLOSED;
-+stream_.sampleRate = 0;
-+stream_.bufferSize = 0;
-+stream_.nBuffers = 0;
-+stream_.userFormat = 0;
-+stream_.userInterleaved = true;
-+stream_.streamTime = 0.0;
-+stream_.apiHandle = 0;
-+stream_.deviceBuffer = 0;
-+stream_.callbackInfo.callback = 0;
-+stream_.callbackInfo.userData = 0;
-+stream_.callbackInfo.isRunning = false;
-+stream_.callbackInfo.errorCallback = 0;
-+for ( int i=0; i<2; i++ ) {
-+stream_.device[i] = 11111;
-+stream_.doConvertBuffer[i] = false;
-+stream_.deviceInterleaved[i] = true;
-+stream_.doByteSwap[i] = false;
-+stream_.nUserChannels[i] = 0;
-+stream_.nDeviceChannels[i] = 0;
-+stream_.channelOffset[i] = 0;
-+stream_.deviceFormat[i] = 0;
-+stream_.latency[i] = 0;
-+stream_.userBuffer[i] = 0;
-+stream_.convertInfo[i].channels = 0;
-+stream_.convertInfo[i].inJump = 0;
-+stream_.convertInfo[i].outJump = 0;
-+stream_.convertInfo[i].inFormat = 0;
-+stream_.convertInfo[i].outFormat = 0;
-+stream_.convertInfo[i].inOffset.clear();
-+stream_.convertInfo[i].outOffset.clear();
-+}
-+}
-+
-+unsigned int RtApi :: formatBytes( RtAudioFormat format )
-+{
-+if ( format == RTAUDIO_SINT16 )
-+return 2;
-+else if ( format == RTAUDIO_SINT32 || format == RTAUDIO_FLOAT32 )
-+return 4;
-+else if ( format == RTAUDIO_FLOAT64 )
-+return 8;
-+else if ( format == RTAUDIO_SINT24 )
-+return 3;
-+else if ( format == RTAUDIO_SINT8 )
-+return 1;
-+
-+errorText_ = "RtApi::formatBytes: undefined format.";
-+error( RtAudioError::WARNING );
-+
-+return 0;
-+}
-+
-+void RtApi :: setConvertInfo( StreamMode mode, unsigned int firstChannel )
-+{
-+if ( mode == INPUT ) { // convert device to user buffer
-+stream_.convertInfo[mode].inJump = stream_.nDeviceChannels[1];
-+stream_.convertInfo[mode].outJump = stream_.nUserChannels[1];
-+stream_.convertInfo[mode].inFormat = stream_.deviceFormat[1];
-+stream_.convertInfo[mode].outFormat = stream_.userFormat;
-+}
-+else { // convert user to device buffer
-+stream_.convertInfo[mode].inJump = stream_.nUserChannels[0];
-+stream_.convertInfo[mode].outJump = stream_.nDeviceChannels[0];
-+stream_.convertInfo[mode].inFormat = stream_.userFormat;
-+stream_.convertInfo[mode].outFormat = stream_.deviceFormat[0];
-+}
-+
-+if ( stream_.convertInfo[mode].inJump < stream_.convertInfo[mode].outJump )
-+stream_.convertInfo[mode].channels = stream_.convertInfo[mode].inJump;
-+else
-+stream_.convertInfo[mode].channels = stream_.convertInfo[mode].outJump;
-+
-+// Set up the interleave/deinterleave offsets.
-+if ( stream_.deviceInterleaved[mode] != stream_.userInterleaved ) {
-+if ( ( mode == OUTPUT && stream_.deviceInterleaved[mode] ) ||
-+( mode == INPUT && stream_.userInterleaved ) ) {
-+for ( int k=0; k<stream_.convertInfo[mode].channels; k++ ) {
-+stream_.convertInfo[mode].inOffset.push_back( k * stream_.bufferSize );
-+stream_.convertInfo[mode].outOffset.push_back( k );
-+stream_.convertInfo[mode].inJump = 1;
-+}
-+}
-+else {
-+for ( int k=0; k<stream_.convertInfo[mode].channels; k++ ) {
-+stream_.convertInfo[mode].inOffset.push_back( k );
-+stream_.convertInfo[mode].outOffset.push_back( k * stream_.bufferSize );
-+stream_.convertInfo[mode].outJump = 1;
-+}
-+}
-+}
-+else { // no (de)interleaving
-+if ( stream_.userInterleaved ) {
-+for ( int k=0; k<stream_.convertInfo[mode].channels; k++ ) {
-+stream_.convertInfo[mode].inOffset.push_back( k );
-+stream_.convertInfo[mode].outOffset.push_back( k );
-+}
-+}
-+else {
-+for ( int k=0; k<stream_.convertInfo[mode].channels; k++ ) {
-+stream_.convertInfo[mode].inOffset.push_back( k * stream_.bufferSize );
-+stream_.convertInfo[mode].outOffset.push_back( k * stream_.bufferSize );
-+stream_.convertInfo[mode].inJump = 1;
-+stream_.convertInfo[mode].outJump = 1;
-+}
-+}
-+}
-+
-+// Add channel offset.
-+if ( firstChannel > 0 ) {
-+if ( stream_.deviceInterleaved[mode] ) {
-+if ( mode == OUTPUT ) {
-+for ( int k=0; k<stream_.convertInfo[mode].channels; k++ )
-+stream_.convertInfo[mode].outOffset[k] += firstChannel;
-+}
-+else {
-+for ( int k=0; k<stream_.convertInfo[mode].channels; k++ )
-+stream_.convertInfo[mode].inOffset[k] += firstChannel;
-+}
-+}
-+else {
-+if ( mode == OUTPUT ) {
-+for ( int k=0; k<stream_.convertInfo[mode].channels; k++ )
-+stream_.convertInfo[mode].outOffset[k] += ( firstChannel * stream_.bufferSize );
-+}
-+else {
-+for ( int k=0; k<stream_.convertInfo[mode].channels; k++ )
-+stream_.convertInfo[mode].inOffset[k] += ( firstChannel  * stream_.bufferSize );
-+}
-+}
-+}
-+}
-+
-+void RtApi :: convertBuffer( char *outBuffer, char *inBuffer, ConvertInfo &info )
-+{
-+// This function does format conversion, input/output channel compensation, and
-+// data interleaving/deinterleaving.  24-bit integers are assumed to occupy
-+// the lower three bytes of a 32-bit integer.
-+
-+// Clear our device buffer when in/out duplex device channels are different
-+if ( outBuffer == stream_.deviceBuffer && stream_.mode == DUPLEX &&
-+( stream_.nDeviceChannels[0] < stream_.nDeviceChannels[1] ) )
-+memset( outBuffer, 0, stream_.bufferSize * info.outJump * formatBytes( info.outFormat ) );
-+
-+int j;
-+if (info.outFormat == RTAUDIO_FLOAT64) {
-+Float64 scale;
-+Float64 *out = (Float64 *)outBuffer;
-+
-+if (info.inFormat == RTAUDIO_SINT8) {
-+signed char *in = (signed char *)inBuffer;
-+scale = 1.0 / 127.5;
-+for (unsigned int i=0; i<stream_.bufferSize; i++) {
-+for (j=0; j<info.channels; j++) {
-+out[info.outOffset[j]] = (Float64) in[info.inOffset[j]];
-+out[info.outOffset[j]] += 0.5;
-+out[info.outOffset[j]] *= scale;
-+}
-+in += info.inJump;
-+out += info.outJump;
-+}
-+}
-+else if (info.inFormat == RTAUDIO_SINT16) {
-+Int16 *in = (Int16 *)inBuffer;
-+scale = 1.0 / 32767.5;
-+for (unsigned int i=0; i<stream_.bufferSize; i++) {
-+for (j=0; j<info.channels; j++) {
-+out[info.outOffset[j]] = (Float64) in[info.inOffset[j]];
-+out[info.outOffset[j]] += 0.5;
-+out[info.outOffset[j]] *= scale;
-+}
-+in += info.inJump;
-+out += info.outJump;
-+}
-+}
-+else if (info.inFormat == RTAUDIO_SINT24) {
-+Int24 *in = (Int24 *)inBuffer;
-+scale = 1.0 / 8388607.5;
-+for (unsigned int i=0; i<stream_.bufferSize; i++) {
-+for (j=0; j<info.channels; j++) {
-+out[info.outOffset[j]] = (Float64) (in[info.inOffset[j]].asInt());
-+out[info.outOffset[j]] += 0.5;
-+out[info.outOffset[j]] *= scale;
-+}
-+in += info.inJump;
-+out += info.outJump;
-+}
-+}
-+else if (info.inFormat == RTAUDIO_SINT32) {
-+Int32 *in = (Int32 *)inBuffer;
-+scale = 1.0 / 2147483647.5;
-+for (unsigned int i=0; i<stream_.bufferSize; i++) {
-+for (j=0; j<info.channels; j++) {
-+out[info.outOffset[j]] = (Float64) in[info.inOffset[j]];
-+out[info.outOffset[j]] += 0.5;
-+out[info.outOffset[j]] *= scale;
-+}
-+in += info.inJump;
-+out += info.outJump;
-+}
-+}
-+else if (info.inFormat == RTAUDIO_FLOAT32) {
-+Float32 *in = (Float32 *)inBuffer;
-+for (unsigned int i=0; i<stream_.bufferSize; i++) {
-+for (j=0; j<info.channels; j++) {
-+out[info.outOffset[j]] = (Float64) in[info.inOffset[j]];
-+}
-+in += info.inJump;
-+out += info.outJump;
-+}
-+}
-+else if (info.inFormat == RTAUDIO_FLOAT64) {
-+// Channel compensation and/or (de)interleaving only.
-+Float64 *in = (Float64 *)inBuffer;
-+for (unsigned int i=0; i<stream_.bufferSize; i++) {
-+for (j=0; j<info.channels; j++) {
-+out[info.outOffset[j]] = in[info.inOffset[j]];
-+}
-+in += info.inJump;
-+out += info.outJump;
-+}
-+}
-+}
-+else if (info.outFormat == RTAUDIO_FLOAT32) {
-+Float32 scale;
-+Float32 *out = (Float32 *)outBuffer;
-+
-+if (info.inFormat == RTAUDIO_SINT8) {
-+signed char *in = (signed char *)inBuffer;
-+scale = (Float32) ( 1.0 / 127.5 );
-+for (unsigned int i=0; i<stream_.bufferSize; i++) {
-+for (j=0; j<info.channels; j++) {
-+out[info.outOffset[j]] = (Float32) in[info.inOffset[j]];
-+out[info.outOffset[j]] += 0.5;
-+out[info.outOffset[j]] *= scale;
-+}
-+in += info.inJump;
-+out += info.outJump;
-+}
-+}
-+else if (info.inFormat == RTAUDIO_SINT16) {
-+Int16 *in = (Int16 *)inBuffer;
-+scale = (Float32) ( 1.0 / 32767.5 );
-+for (unsigned int i=0; i<stream_.bufferSize; i++) {
-+for (j=0; j<info.channels; j++) {
-+out[info.outOffset[j]] = (Float32) in[info.inOffset[j]];
-+out[info.outOffset[j]] += 0.5;
-+out[info.outOffset[j]] *= scale;
-+}
-+in += info.inJump;
-+out += info.outJump;
-+}
-+}
-+else if (info.inFormat == RTAUDIO_SINT24) {
-+Int24 *in = (Int24 *)inBuffer;
-+scale = (Float32) ( 1.0 / 8388607.5 );
-+for (unsigned int i=0; i<stream_.bufferSize; i++) {
-+for (j=0; j<info.channels; j++) {
-+out[info.outOffset[j]] = (Float32) (in[info.inOffset[j]].asInt());
-+out[info.outOffset[j]] += 0.5;
-+out[info.outOffset[j]] *= scale;
-+}
-+in += info.inJump;
-+out += info.outJump;
-+}
-+}
-+else if (info.inFormat == RTAUDIO_SINT32) {
-+Int32 *in = (Int32 *)inBuffer;
-+scale = (Float32) ( 1.0 / 2147483647.5 );
-+for (unsigned int i=0; i<stream_.bufferSize; i++) {
-+for (j=0; j<info.channels; j++) {
-+out[info.outOffset[j]] = (Float32) in[info.inOffset[j]];
-+out[info.outOffset[j]] += 0.5;
-+out[info.outOffset[j]] *= scale;
-+}
-+in += info.inJump;
-+out += info.outJump;
-+}
-+}
-+else if (info.inFormat == RTAUDIO_FLOAT32) {
-+// Channel compensation and/or (de)interleaving only.
-+Float32 *in = (Float32 *)inBuffer;
-+for (unsigned int i=0; i<stream_.bufferSize; i++) {
-+for (j=0; j<info.channels; j++) {
-+out[info.outOffset[j]] = in[info.inOffset[j]];
-+}
-+in += info.inJump;
-+out += info.outJump;
-+}
-+}
-+else if (info.inFormat == RTAUDIO_FLOAT64) {
-+Float64 *in = (Float64 *)inBuffer;
-+for (unsigned int i=0; i<stream_.bufferSize; i++) {
-+for (j=0; j<info.channels; j++) {
-+out[info.outOffset[j]] = (Float32) in[info.inOffset[j]];
-+}
-+in += info.inJump;
-+out += info.outJump;
-+}
-+}
-+}
-+else if (info.outFormat == RTAUDIO_SINT32) {
-+Int32 *out = (Int32 *)outBuffer;
-+if (info.inFormat == RTAUDIO_SINT8) {
-+signed char *in = (signed char *)inBuffer;
-+for (unsigned int i=0; i<stream_.bufferSize; i++) {
-+for (j=0; j<info.channels; j++) {
-+out[info.outOffset[j]] = (Int32) in[info.inOffset[j]];
-+out[info.outOffset[j]] <<= 24;
-+}
-+in += info.inJump;
-+out += info.outJump;
-+}
-+}
-+else if (info.inFormat == RTAUDIO_SINT16) {
-+Int16 *in = (Int16 *)inBuffer;
-+for (unsigned int i=0; i<stream_.bufferSize; i++) {
-+for (j=0; j<info.channels; j++) {
-+out[info.outOffset[j]] = (Int32) in[info.inOffset[j]];
-+out[info.outOffset[j]] <<= 16;
-+}
-+in += info.inJump;
-+out += info.outJump;
-+}
-+}
-+else if (info.inFormat == RTAUDIO_SINT24) {
-+Int24 *in = (Int24 *)inBuffer;
-+for (unsigned int i=0; i<stream_.bufferSize; i++) {
-+for (j=0; j<info.channels; j++) {
-+out[info.outOffset[j]] = (Int32) in[info.inOffset[j]].asInt();
-+out[info.outOffset[j]] <<= 8;
-+}
-+in += info.inJump;
-+out += info.outJump;
-+}
-+}
-+else if (info.inFormat == RTAUDIO_SINT32) {
-+// Channel compensation and/or (de)interleaving only.
-+Int32 *in = (Int32 *)inBuffer;
-+for (unsigned int i=0; i<stream_.bufferSize; i++) {
-+for (j=0; j<info.channels; j++) {
-+out[info.outOffset[j]] = in[info.inOffset[j]];
-+}
-+in += info.inJump;
-+out += info.outJump;
-+}
-+}
-+else if (info.inFormat == RTAUDIO_FLOAT32) {
-+Float32 *in = (Float32 *)inBuffer;
-+for (unsigned int i=0; i<stream_.bufferSize; i++) {
-+for (j=0; j<info.channels; j++) {
-+out[info.outOffset[j]] = (Int32) (in[info.inOffset[j]] * 2147483647.5 - 0.5);
-+}
-+in += info.inJump;
-+out += info.outJump;
-+}
-+}
-+else if (info.inFormat == RTAUDIO_FLOAT64) {
-+Float64 *in = (Float64 *)inBuffer;
-+for (unsigned int i=0; i<stream_.bufferSize; i++) {
-+for (j=0; j<info.channels; j++) {
-+out[info.outOffset[j]] = (Int32) (in[info.inOffset[j]] * 2147483647.5 - 0.5);
-+}
-+in += info.inJump;
-+out += info.outJump;
-+}
-+}
-+}
-+else if (info.outFormat == RTAUDIO_SINT24) {
-+Int24 *out = (Int24 *)outBuffer;
-+if (info.inFormat == RTAUDIO_SINT8) {
-+signed char *in = (signed char *)inBuffer;
-+for (unsigned int i=0; i<stream_.bufferSize; i++) {
-+for (j=0; j<info.channels; j++) {
-+out[info.outOffset[j]] = (Int32) (in[info.inOffset[j]] << 16);
-+//out[info.outOffset[j]] <<= 16;
-+}
-+in += info.inJump;
-+out += info.outJump;
-+}
-+}
-+else if (info.inFormat == RTAUDIO_SINT16) {
-+Int16 *in = (Int16 *)inBuffer;
-+for (unsigned int i=0; i<stream_.bufferSize; i++) {
-+for (j=0; j<info.channels; j++) {
-+out[info.outOffset[j]] = (Int32) (in[info.inOffset[j]] << 8);
-+//out[info.outOffset[j]] <<= 8;
-+}
-+in += info.inJump;
-+out += info.outJump;
-+}
-+}
-+else if (info.inFormat == RTAUDIO_SINT24) {
-+// Channel compensation and/or (de)interleaving only.
-+Int24 *in = (Int24 *)inBuffer;
-+for (unsigned int i=0; i<stream_.bufferSize; i++) {
-+for (j=0; j<info.channels; j++) {
-+out[info.outOffset[j]] = in[info.inOffset[j]];
-+}
-+in += info.inJump;
-+out += info.outJump;
-+}
-+}
-+else if (info.inFormat == RTAUDIO_SINT32) {
-+Int32 *in = (Int32 *)inBuffer;
-+for (unsigned int i=0; i<stream_.bufferSize; i++) {
-+for (j=0; j<info.channels; j++) {
-+out[info.outOffset[j]] = (Int32) (in[info.inOffset[j]] >> 8);
-+//out[info.outOffset[j]] >>= 8;
-+}
-+in += info.inJump;
-+out += info.outJump;
-+}
-+}
-+else if (info.inFormat == RTAUDIO_FLOAT32) {
-+Float32 *in = (Float32 *)inBuffer;
-+for (unsigned int i=0; i<stream_.bufferSize; i++) {
-+for (j=0; j<info.channels; j++) {
-+out[info.outOffset[j]] = (Int32) (in[info.inOffset[j]] * 8388607.5 - 0.5);
-+}
-+in += info.inJump;
-+out += info.outJump;
-+}
-+}
-+else if (info.inFormat == RTAUDIO_FLOAT64) {
-+Float64 *in = (Float64 *)inBuffer;
-+for (unsigned int i=0; i<stream_.bufferSize; i++) {
-+for (j=0; j<info.channels; j++) {
-+out[info.outOffset[j]] = (Int32) (in[info.inOffset[j]] * 8388607.5 - 0.5);
-+}
-+in += info.inJump;
-+out += info.outJump;
-+}
-+}
-+}
-+else if (info.outFormat == RTAUDIO_SINT16) {
-+Int16 *out = (Int16 *)outBuffer;
-+if (info.inFormat == RTAUDIO_SINT8) {
-+signed char *in = (signed char *)inBuffer;
-+for (unsigned int i=0; i<stream_.bufferSize; i++) {
-+for (j=0; j<info.channels; j++) {
-+out[info.outOffset[j]] = (Int16) in[info.inOffset[j]];
-+out[info.outOffset[j]] <<= 8;
-+}
-+in += info.inJump;
-+out += info.outJump;
-+}
-+}
-+else if (info.inFormat == RTAUDIO_SINT16) {
-+// Channel compensation and/or (de)interleaving only.
-+Int16 *in = (Int16 *)inBuffer;
-+for (unsigned int i=0; i<stream_.bufferSize; i++) {
-+for (j=0; j<info.channels; j++) {
-+out[info.outOffset[j]] = in[info.inOffset[j]];
-+}
-+in += info.inJump;
-+out += info.outJump;
-+}
-+}
-+else if (info.inFormat == RTAUDIO_SINT24) {
-+Int24 *in = (Int24 *)inBuffer;
-+for (unsigned int i=0; i<stream_.bufferSize; i++) {
-+for (j=0; j<info.channels; j++) {
-+out[info.outOffset[j]] = (Int16) (in[info.inOffset[j]].asInt() >> 8);
-+}
-+in += info.inJump;
-+out += info.outJump;
-+}
-+}
-+else if (info.inFormat == RTAUDIO_SINT32) {
-+Int32 *in = (Int32 *)inBuffer;
-+for (unsigned int i=0; i<stream_.bufferSize; i++) {
-+for (j=0; j<info.channels; j++) {
-+out[info.outOffset[j]] = (Int16) ((in[info.inOffset[j]] >> 16) & 0x0000ffff);
-+}
-+in += info.inJump;
-+out += info.outJump;
-+}
-+}
-+else if (info.inFormat == RTAUDIO_FLOAT32) {
-+Float32 *in = (Float32 *)inBuffer;
-+for (unsigned int i=0; i<stream_.bufferSize; i++) {
-+for (j=0; j<info.channels; j++) {
-+out[info.outOffset[j]] = (Int16) (in[info.inOffset[j]] * 32767.5 - 0.5);
-+}
-+in += info.inJump;
-+out += info.outJump;
-+}
-+}
-+else if (info.inFormat == RTAUDIO_FLOAT64) {
-+Float64 *in = (Float64 *)inBuffer;
-+for (unsigned int i=0; i<stream_.bufferSize; i++) {
-+for (j=0; j<info.channels; j++) {
-+out[info.outOffset[j]] = (Int16) (in[info.inOffset[j]] * 32767.5 - 0.5);
-+}
-+in += info.inJump;
-+out += info.outJump;
-+}
-+}
-+}
-+else if (info.outFormat == RTAUDIO_SINT8) {
-+signed char *out = (signed char *)outBuffer;
-+if (info.inFormat == RTAUDIO_SINT8) {
-+// Channel compensation and/or (de)interleaving only.
-+signed char *in = (signed char *)inBuffer;
-+for (unsigned int i=0; i<stream_.bufferSize; i++) {
-+for (j=0; j<info.channels; j++) {
-+out[info.outOffset[j]] = in[info.inOffset[j]];
-+}
-+in += info.inJump;
-+out += info.outJump;
-+}
-+}
-+if (info.inFormat == RTAUDIO_SINT16) {
-+Int16 *in = (Int16 *)inBuffer;
-+for (unsigned int i=0; i<stream_.bufferSize; i++) {
-+for (j=0; j<info.channels; j++) {
-+out[info.outOffset[j]] = (signed char) ((in[info.inOffset[j]] >> 8) & 0x00ff);
-+}
-+in += info.inJump;
-+out += info.outJump;
-+}
-+}
-+else if (info.inFormat == RTAUDIO_SINT24) {
-+Int24 *in = (Int24 *)inBuffer;
-+for (unsigned int i=0; i<stream_.bufferSize; i++) {
-+for (j=0; j<info.channels; j++) {
-+out[info.outOffset[j]] = (signed char) (in[info.inOffset[j]].asInt() >> 16);
-+}
-+in += info.inJump;
-+out += info.outJump;
-+}
-+}
-+else if (info.inFormat == RTAUDIO_SINT32) {
-+Int32 *in = (Int32 *)inBuffer;
-+for (unsigned int i=0; i<stream_.bufferSize; i++) {
-+for (j=0; j<info.channels; j++) {
-+out[info.outOffset[j]] = (signed char) ((in[info.inOffset[j]] >> 24) & 0x000000ff);
-+}
-+in += info.inJump;
-+out += info.outJump;
-+}
-+}
-+else if (info.inFormat == RTAUDIO_FLOAT32) {
-+Float32 *in = (Float32 *)inBuffer;
-+for (unsigned int i=0; i<stream_.bufferSize; i++) {
-+for (j=0; j<info.channels; j++) {
-+out[info.outOffset[j]] = (signed char) (in[info.inOffset[j]] * 127.5 - 0.5);
-+}
-+in += info.inJump;
-+out += info.outJump;
-+}
-+}
-+else if (info.inFormat == RTAUDIO_FLOAT64) {
-+Float64 *in = (Float64 *)inBuffer;
-+for (unsigned int i=0; i<stream_.bufferSize; i++) {
-+for (j=0; j<info.channels; j++) {
-+out[info.outOffset[j]] = (signed char) (in[info.inOffset[j]] * 127.5 - 0.5);
-+}
-+in += info.inJump;
-+out += info.outJump;
-+}
-+}
-+}
-+}
-+
-+//static inline uint16_t bswap_16(uint16_t x) { return (x>>8) | (x<<8); }
-+//static inline uint32_t bswap_32(uint32_t x) { return (bswap_16(x&0xffff)<<16) | (bswap_16(x>>16)); }
-+//static inline uint64_t bswap_64(uint64_t x) { return (((unsigned long long)bswap_32(x&0xffffffffull))<<32) | (bswap_32(x>>32)); }
++//static inline uint16_t bswap_16(uint16_t x) { return (x>>8) | (x<<8); }
++//static inline uint32_t bswap_32(uint32_t x) { return (bswap_16(x&0xffff)<<16) | (bswap_16(x>>16)); }
++//static inline uint64_t bswap_64(uint64_t x) { return (((unsigned long long)bswap_32(x&0xffffffffull))<<32) | (bswap_32(x>>32)); }
 +
 +void RtApi :: byteSwapBuffer( char *buffer, unsigned int samples, RtAudioFormat format )
 +{
-+char val;
-+char *ptr;
-+
-+ptr = buffer;
-+if ( format == RTAUDIO_SINT16 ) {
-+for ( unsigned int i=0; i<samples; i++ ) {
-+// Swap 1st and 2nd bytes.
-+val = *(ptr);
-+*(ptr) = *(ptr+1);
-+*(ptr+1) = val;
-+
-+// Increment 2 bytes.
-+ptr += 2;
-+}
-+}
-+else if ( format == RTAUDIO_SINT32 ||
-+format == RTAUDIO_FLOAT32 ) {
-+for ( unsigned int i=0; i<samples; i++ ) {
-+// Swap 1st and 4th bytes.
-+val = *(ptr);
-+*(ptr) = *(ptr+3);
-+*(ptr+3) = val;
-+
-+// Swap 2nd and 3rd bytes.
-+ptr += 1;
-+val = *(ptr);
-+*(ptr) = *(ptr+1);
-+*(ptr+1) = val;
-+
-+// Increment 3 more bytes.
-+ptr += 3;
-+}
-+}
-+else if ( format == RTAUDIO_SINT24 ) {
-+for ( unsigned int i=0; i<samples; i++ ) {
-+// Swap 1st and 3rd bytes.
-+val = *(ptr);
-+*(ptr) = *(ptr+2);
-+*(ptr+2) = val;
-+
-+// Increment 2 more bytes.
-+ptr += 2;
-+}
-+}
-+else if ( format == RTAUDIO_FLOAT64 ) {
-+for ( unsigned int i=0; i<samples; i++ ) {
-+// Swap 1st and 8th bytes
-+val = *(ptr);
-+*(ptr) = *(ptr+7);
-+*(ptr+7) = val;
-+
-+// Swap 2nd and 7th bytes
-+ptr += 1;
-+val = *(ptr);
-+*(ptr) = *(ptr+5);
-+*(ptr+5) = val;
-+
-+// Swap 3rd and 6th bytes
-+ptr += 1;
-+val = *(ptr);
-+*(ptr) = *(ptr+3);
-+*(ptr+3) = val;
-+
-+// Swap 4th and 5th bytes
-+ptr += 1;
-+val = *(ptr);
-+*(ptr) = *(ptr+1);
-+*(ptr+1) = val;
-+
-+// Increment 5 more bytes.
-+ptr += 5;
-+}
-+}
-+}
-+
-+// Indentation settings for Vim and Emacs
-+//
-+// Local Variables:
-+// c-basic-offset: 2
-+// indent-tabs-mode: nil
-+// End:
-+//
-+// vim: et sts=2 sw=2
-+
---- giada.orig/src/deps/rtaudio-mod/RtAudio.h
-+++ giada/src/deps/rtaudio-mod/RtAudio.h
-@@ -1,72 +1,72 @@
- /************************************************************************/
- /*! \class RtAudio
--    \brief Realtime audio i/o C++ classes.
-+\brief Realtime audio i/o C++ classes.
++  char val;
++  char *ptr;
++
++  ptr = buffer;
++  if ( format == RTAUDIO_SINT16 ) {
++    for ( unsigned int i=0; i<samples; i++ ) {
++      // Swap 1st and 2nd bytes.
++      val = *(ptr);
++      *(ptr) = *(ptr+1);
++      *(ptr+1) = val;
++
++      // Increment 2 bytes.
++      ptr += 2;
++    }
++  }
++  else if ( format == RTAUDIO_SINT32 ||
++            format == RTAUDIO_FLOAT32 ) {
++    for ( unsigned int i=0; i<samples; i++ ) {
++      // Swap 1st and 4th bytes.
++      val = *(ptr);
++      *(ptr) = *(ptr+3);
++      *(ptr+3) = val;
++
++      // Swap 2nd and 3rd bytes.
++      ptr += 1;
++      val = *(ptr);
++      *(ptr) = *(ptr+1);
++      *(ptr+1) = val;
++
++      // Increment 3 more bytes.
++      ptr += 3;
++    }
++  }
++  else if ( format == RTAUDIO_SINT24 ) {
++    for ( unsigned int i=0; i<samples; i++ ) {
++      // Swap 1st and 3rd bytes.
++      val = *(ptr);
++      *(ptr) = *(ptr+2);
++      *(ptr+2) = val;
++
++      // Increment 2 more bytes.
++      ptr += 2;
++    }
++  }
++  else if ( format == RTAUDIO_FLOAT64 ) {
++    for ( unsigned int i=0; i<samples; i++ ) {
++      // Swap 1st and 8th bytes
++      val = *(ptr);
++      *(ptr) = *(ptr+7);
++      *(ptr+7) = val;
++
++      // Swap 2nd and 7th bytes
++      ptr += 1;
++      val = *(ptr);
++      *(ptr) = *(ptr+5);
++      *(ptr+5) = val;
++
++      // Swap 3rd and 6th bytes
++      ptr += 1;
++      val = *(ptr);
++      *(ptr) = *(ptr+3);
++      *(ptr+3) = val;
++
++      // Swap 4th and 5th bytes
++      ptr += 1;
++      val = *(ptr);
++      *(ptr) = *(ptr+1);
++      *(ptr+1) = val;
++
++      // Increment 5 more bytes.
++      ptr += 5;
++    }
++  }
++}
++
++  // Indentation settings for Vim and Emacs
++  //
++  // Local Variables:
++  // c-basic-offset: 2
++  // indent-tabs-mode: nil
++  // End:
++  //
++  // vim: et sts=2 sw=2
++
+diff --git a/src/deps/rtaudio-mod/RtAudio.h b/src/deps/rtaudio-mod/RtAudio.h
+index ddb42cc..a06b945 100755
+--- a/src/deps/rtaudio-mod/RtAudio.h
++++ b/src/deps/rtaudio-mod/RtAudio.h
+@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
+     RtAudio WWW site: http://www.music.mcgill.ca/~gary/rtaudio/
  
--    RtAudio provides a common API (Application Programming Interface)
--    for realtime audio input/output across Linux (native ALSA, Jack,
--    and OSS), Macintosh OS X (CoreAudio and Jack), and Windows
--    (DirectSound, ASIO and WASAPI) operating systems.
--
--    RtAudio WWW site: http://www.music.mcgill.ca/~gary/rtaudio/
--
--    RtAudio: realtime audio i/o C++ classes
+     RtAudio: realtime audio i/o C++ classes
 -    Copyright (c) 2001-2016 Gary P. Scavone
--
--    Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person
--    obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files
--    (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction,
--    including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge,
--    publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software,
--    and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so,
--    subject to the following conditions:
--
--    The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
--    included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
--
--    Any person wishing to distribute modifications to the Software is
--    asked to send the modifications to the original developer so that
--    they can be incorporated into the canonical version.  This is,
--    however, not a binding provision of this license.
--
--    THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
--    EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
--    MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.
--    IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR
--    ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF
--    CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
--    WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
-+RtAudio provides a common API (Application Programming Interface)
-+for realtime audio input/output across Linux (native ALSA, Jack,
-+and OSS), Macintosh OS X (CoreAudio and Jack), and Windows
-+(DirectSound, ASIO and WASAPI) operating systems.
-+
-+RtAudio WWW site: http://www.music.mcgill.ca/~gary/rtaudio/
-+
-+RtAudio: realtime audio i/o C++ classes
-+Copyright (c) 2001-2017 Gary P. Scavone
-+
-+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person
-+obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files
-+(the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction,
-+including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge,
-+publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software,
-+and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so,
-+subject to the following conditions:
-+
-+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
-+included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
-+
-+Any person wishing to distribute modifications to the Software is
-+asked to send the modifications to the original developer so that
-+they can be incorporated into the canonical version.  This is,
-+however, not a binding provision of this license.
-+
-+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
-+EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
-+MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.
-+IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR
-+ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF
-+CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
-+WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
- */
- /************************************************************************/
- 
- /*!
--  \file RtAudio.h
-- */
-+\file RtAudio.h
-+*/
++    Copyright (c) 2001-2017 Gary P. Scavone
  
+     Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person
+     obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files
+@@ -45,11 +45,11 @@
  #ifndef __RTAUDIO_H
  #define __RTAUDIO_H
  
@@ -20674,1102 +20612,210 @@ Date: Wed Oct 25 14:21:33 CEST 2017
  #include <iostream>
  
  /*! \typedef typedef unsigned long RtAudioFormat;
--    \brief RtAudio data format type.
-+\brief RtAudio data format type.
+@@ -86,6 +86,7 @@ static const RtAudioFormat RTAUDIO_FLOAT64 = 0x20; // Normalized between plus/mi
+     - \e RTAUDIO_MINIMIZE_LATENCY: Attempt to set stream parameters for lowest possible latency.
+     - \e RTAUDIO_HOG_DEVICE:       Attempt grab device for exclusive use.
+     - \e RTAUDIO_ALSA_USE_DEFAULT: Use the "default" PCM device (ALSA only).
++    - \e RTAUDIO_JACK_DONT_CONNECT: Do not automatically connect ports (JACK only).
  
--    Support for signed integers and floats.  Audio data fed to/from an
--    RtAudio stream is assumed to ALWAYS be in host byte order.  The
--    internal routines will automatically take care of any necessary
--    byte-swapping between the host format and the soundcard.  Thus,
--    endian-ness is not a concern in the following format definitions.
--
--    - \e RTAUDIO_SINT8:   8-bit signed integer.
--    - \e RTAUDIO_SINT16:  16-bit signed integer.
--    - \e RTAUDIO_SINT24:  24-bit signed integer.
--    - \e RTAUDIO_SINT32:  32-bit signed integer.
--    - \e RTAUDIO_FLOAT32: Normalized between plus/minus 1.0.
--    - \e RTAUDIO_FLOAT64: Normalized between plus/minus 1.0.
-+Support for signed integers and floats.  Audio data fed to/from an
-+RtAudio stream is assumed to ALWAYS be in host byte order.  The
-+internal routines will automatically take care of any necessary
-+byte-swapping between the host format and the soundcard.  Thus,
-+endian-ness is not a concern in the following format definitions.
-+
-+- \e RTAUDIO_SINT8:   8-bit signed integer.
-+- \e RTAUDIO_SINT16:  16-bit signed integer.
-+- \e RTAUDIO_SINT24:  24-bit signed integer.
-+- \e RTAUDIO_SINT32:  32-bit signed integer.
-+- \e RTAUDIO_FLOAT32: Normalized between plus/minus 1.0.
-+- \e RTAUDIO_FLOAT64: Normalized between plus/minus 1.0.
- */
- typedef unsigned long RtAudioFormat;
- static const RtAudioFormat RTAUDIO_SINT8 = 0x1;    // 8-bit signed integer.
-@@ -77,46 +77,50 @@
- static const RtAudioFormat RTAUDIO_FLOAT64 = 0x20; // Normalized between plus/minus 1.0.
- 
- /*! \typedef typedef unsigned long RtAudioStreamFlags;
--    \brief RtAudio stream option flags.
-+\brief RtAudio stream option flags.
-+
-+The following flags can be OR'ed together to allow a client to
-+make changes to the default stream behavior:
+     By default, RtAudio streams pass and receive audio data from the
+     client in an interleaved format.  By passing the
+@@ -111,12 +112,15 @@ static const RtAudioFormat RTAUDIO_FLOAT64 = 0x20; // Normalized between plus/mi
+     open the input and/or output stream device(s) for exclusive use.
+     Note that this is not possible with all supported audio APIs.
  
--    The following flags can be OR'ed together to allow a client to
--    make changes to the default stream behavior:
-+- \e RTAUDIO_NONINTERLEAVED:   Use non-interleaved buffers (default = interleaved).
-+- \e RTAUDIO_MINIMIZE_LATENCY: Attempt to set stream parameters for lowest possible latency.
-+- \e RTAUDIO_HOG_DEVICE:       Attempt grab device for exclusive use.
-+- \e RTAUDIO_ALSA_USE_DEFAULT: Use the "default" PCM device (ALSA only).
-+- \e RTAUDIO_JACK_DONT_CONNECT: Do not automatically connect ports (JACK only).
-+
-+By default, RtAudio streams pass and receive audio data from the
-+client in an interleaved format.  By passing the
-+RTAUDIO_NONINTERLEAVED flag to the openStream() function, audio
-+data will instead be presented in non-interleaved buffers.  In
-+this case, each buffer argument in the RtAudioCallback function
-+will point to a single array of data, with \c nFrames samples for
-+each channel concatenated back-to-back.  For example, the first
-+sample of data for the second channel would be located at index \c
-+nFrames (assuming the \c buffer pointer was recast to the correct
-+data type for the stream).
-+
-+Certain audio APIs offer a number of parameters that influence the
-+I/O latency of a stream.  By default, RtAudio will attempt to set
-+these parameters internally for robust (glitch-free) performance
-+(though some APIs, like Windows Direct Sound, make this difficult).
-+By passing the RTAUDIO_MINIMIZE_LATENCY flag to the openStream()
-+function, internal stream settings will be influenced in an attempt
-+to minimize stream latency, though possibly at the expense of stream
-+performance.
-+
-+If the RTAUDIO_HOG_DEVICE flag is set, RtAudio will attempt to
-+open the input and/or output stream device(s) for exclusive use.
-+Note that this is not possible with all supported audio APIs.
-+
-+If the RTAUDIO_SCHEDULE_REALTIME flag is set, RtAudio will attempt 
-+to select realtime scheduling (round-robin) for the callback thread.
-+
-+If the RTAUDIO_ALSA_USE_DEFAULT flag is set, RtAudio will attempt to
-+open the "default" PCM device when using the ALSA API. Note that this
-+will override any specified input or output device id.
- 
--    - \e RTAUDIO_NONINTERLEAVED:   Use non-interleaved buffers (default = interleaved).
--    - \e RTAUDIO_MINIMIZE_LATENCY: Attempt to set stream parameters for lowest possible latency.
--    - \e RTAUDIO_HOG_DEVICE:       Attempt grab device for exclusive use.
--    - \e RTAUDIO_ALSA_USE_DEFAULT: Use the "default" PCM device (ALSA only).
--
--    By default, RtAudio streams pass and receive audio data from the
--    client in an interleaved format.  By passing the
--    RTAUDIO_NONINTERLEAVED flag to the openStream() function, audio
--    data will instead be presented in non-interleaved buffers.  In
--    this case, each buffer argument in the RtAudioCallback function
--    will point to a single array of data, with \c nFrames samples for
--    each channel concatenated back-to-back.  For example, the first
--    sample of data for the second channel would be located at index \c
--    nFrames (assuming the \c buffer pointer was recast to the correct
--    data type for the stream).
--
--    Certain audio APIs offer a number of parameters that influence the
--    I/O latency of a stream.  By default, RtAudio will attempt to set
--    these parameters internally for robust (glitch-free) performance
--    (though some APIs, like Windows Direct Sound, make this difficult).
--    By passing the RTAUDIO_MINIMIZE_LATENCY flag to the openStream()
--    function, internal stream settings will be influenced in an attempt
--    to minimize stream latency, though possibly at the expense of stream
--    performance.
--
--    If the RTAUDIO_HOG_DEVICE flag is set, RtAudio will attempt to
--    open the input and/or output stream device(s) for exclusive use.
--    Note that this is not possible with all supported audio APIs.
--
 -    If the RTAUDIO_SCHEDULE_REALTIME flag is set, RtAudio will attempt
--    to select realtime scheduling (round-robin) for the callback thread.
--
--    If the RTAUDIO_ALSA_USE_DEFAULT flag is set, RtAudio will attempt to
--    open the "default" PCM device when using the ALSA API. Note that this
--    will override any specified input or output device id.
-+If the RTAUDIO_JACK_DONT_CONNECT flag is set, RtAudio will not attempt
-+to automatically connect the ports of the client to the audio device.
++    If the RTAUDIO_SCHEDULE_REALTIME flag is set, RtAudio will attempt 
+     to select realtime scheduling (round-robin) for the callback thread.
+ 
+     If the RTAUDIO_ALSA_USE_DEFAULT flag is set, RtAudio will attempt to
+     open the "default" PCM device when using the ALSA API. Note that this
+     will override any specified input or output device id.
++
++    If the RTAUDIO_JACK_DONT_CONNECT flag is set, RtAudio will not attempt
++    to automatically connect the ports of the client to the audio device.
  */
  typedef unsigned int RtAudioStreamFlags;
  static const RtAudioStreamFlags RTAUDIO_NONINTERLEAVED = 0x1;    // Use non-interleaved buffers (default = interleaved).
-@@ -124,17 +128,18 @@
+@@ -124,6 +128,7 @@ static const RtAudioStreamFlags RTAUDIO_MINIMIZE_LATENCY = 0x2;  // Attempt to s
  static const RtAudioStreamFlags RTAUDIO_HOG_DEVICE = 0x4;        // Attempt grab device and prevent use by others.
  static const RtAudioStreamFlags RTAUDIO_SCHEDULE_REALTIME = 0x8; // Try to select realtime scheduling for callback thread.
  static const RtAudioStreamFlags RTAUDIO_ALSA_USE_DEFAULT = 0x10; // Use the "default" PCM device (ALSA only).
 +static const RtAudioStreamFlags RTAUDIO_JACK_DONT_CONNECT = 0x20; // Do not automatically connect ports (JACK only).
  
  /*! \typedef typedef unsigned long RtAudioStreamStatus;
--    \brief RtAudio stream status (over- or underflow) flags.
-+\brief RtAudio stream status (over- or underflow) flags.
- 
--    Notification of a stream over- or underflow is indicated by a
--    non-zero stream \c status argument in the RtAudioCallback function.
--    The stream status can be one of the following two options,
--    depending on whether the stream is open for output and/or input:
-+Notification of a stream over- or underflow is indicated by a
-+non-zero stream \c status argument in the RtAudioCallback function.
-+The stream status can be one of the following two options,
-+depending on whether the stream is open for output and/or input:
- 
--    - \e RTAUDIO_INPUT_OVERFLOW:   Input data was discarded because of an overflow condition at the driver.
--    - \e RTAUDIO_OUTPUT_UNDERFLOW: The output buffer ran low, likely producing a break in the output sound.
-+- \e RTAUDIO_INPUT_OVERFLOW:   Input data was discarded because of an overflow condition at the driver.
-+- \e RTAUDIO_OUTPUT_UNDERFLOW: The output buffer ran low, likely producing a break in the output sound.
- */
- typedef unsigned int RtAudioStreamStatus;
- static const RtAudioStreamStatus RTAUDIO_INPUT_OVERFLOW = 0x1;    // Input data was discarded because of an overflow condition at the driver.
-@@ -142,105 +147,102 @@
- 
- //! RtAudio callback function prototype.
- /*!
--   All RtAudio clients must create a function of type RtAudioCallback
--   to read and/or write data from/to the audio stream.  When the
--   underlying audio system is ready for new input or output data, this
--   function will be invoked.
--
--   \param outputBuffer For output (or duplex) streams, the client
--          should write \c nFrames of audio sample frames into this
--          buffer.  This argument should be recast to the datatype
--          specified when the stream was opened.  For input-only
--          streams, this argument will be NULL.
--
--   \param inputBuffer For input (or duplex) streams, this buffer will
--          hold \c nFrames of input audio sample frames.  This
--          argument should be recast to the datatype specified when the
--          stream was opened.  For output-only streams, this argument
--          will be NULL.
--
--   \param nFrames The number of sample frames of input or output
--          data in the buffers.  The actual buffer size in bytes is
--          dependent on the data type and number of channels in use.
--
--   \param streamTime The number of seconds that have elapsed since the
--          stream was started.
--
--   \param status If non-zero, this argument indicates a data overflow
--          or underflow condition for the stream.  The particular
--          condition can be determined by comparison with the
--          RtAudioStreamStatus flags.
--
--   \param userData A pointer to optional data provided by the client
--          when opening the stream (default = NULL).
--
--   To continue normal stream operation, the RtAudioCallback function
--   should return a value of zero.  To stop the stream and drain the
--   output buffer, the function should return a value of one.  To abort
--   the stream immediately, the client should return a value of two.
-- */
-+All RtAudio clients must create a function of type RtAudioCallback
-+to read and/or write data from/to the audio stream.  When the
-+underlying audio system is ready for new input or output data, this
-+function will be invoked.
-+
-+\param outputBuffer For output (or duplex) streams, the client
-+should write \c nFrames of audio sample frames into this
-+buffer.  This argument should be recast to the datatype
-+specified when the stream was opened.  For input-only
-+streams, this argument will be NULL.
-+
-+\param inputBuffer For input (or duplex) streams, this buffer will
-+hold \c nFrames of input audio sample frames.  This
-+argument should be recast to the datatype specified when the
-+stream was opened.  For output-only streams, this argument
-+will be NULL.
-+
-+\param nFrames The number of sample frames of input or output
-+data in the buffers.  The actual buffer size in bytes is
-+dependent on the data type and number of channels in use.
-+
-+\param streamTime The number of seconds that have elapsed since the
-+stream was started.
-+
-+\param status If non-zero, this argument indicates a data overflow
-+or underflow condition for the stream.  The particular
-+condition can be determined by comparison with the
-+RtAudioStreamStatus flags.
-+
-+\param userData A pointer to optional data provided by the client
-+when opening the stream (default = NULL).
-+
-+To continue normal stream operation, the RtAudioCallback function
-+should return a value of zero.  To stop the stream and drain the
-+output buffer, the function should return a value of one.  To abort
-+the stream immediately, the client should return a value of two.
-+*/
- typedef int (*RtAudioCallback)( void *outputBuffer, void *inputBuffer,
--                                unsigned int nFrames,
--                                double streamTime,
--                                RtAudioStreamStatus status,
--                                void *userData );
-+unsigned int nFrames,
-+double streamTime,
-+RtAudioStreamStatus status,
-+void *userData );
- 
- /************************************************************************/
- /*! \class RtAudioError
--    \brief Exception handling class for RtAudio.
-+\brief Exception handling class for RtAudio.
- 
--    The RtAudioError class is quite simple but it does allow errors to be
--    "caught" by RtAudioError::Type. See the RtAudio documentation to know
--    which methods can throw an RtAudioError.
-+The RtAudioError class is quite simple but it does allow errors to be
-+"caught" by RtAudioError::Type. See the RtAudio documentation to know
-+which methods can throw an RtAudioError.
+     \brief RtAudio stream status (over- or underflow) flags.
+@@ -195,7 +200,7 @@ typedef int (*RtAudioCallback)( void *outputBuffer, void *inputBuffer,
  */
  /************************************************************************/
  
 -class RtAudioError : public std::exception
 +class RtAudioError : public std::runtime_error
  {
-- public:
--  //! Defined RtAudioError types.
--  enum Type {
--    WARNING,           /*!< A non-critical error. */
--    DEBUG_WARNING,     /*!< A non-critical error which might be useful for debugging. */
--    UNSPECIFIED,       /*!< The default, unspecified error type. */
--    NO_DEVICES_FOUND,  /*!< No devices found on system. */
--    INVALID_DEVICE,    /*!< An invalid device ID was specified. */
--    MEMORY_ERROR,      /*!< An error occured during memory allocation. */
--    INVALID_PARAMETER, /*!< An invalid parameter was specified to a function. */
--    INVALID_USE,       /*!< The function was called incorrectly. */
--    DRIVER_ERROR,      /*!< A system driver error occured. */
--    SYSTEM_ERROR,      /*!< A system error occured. */
--    THREAD_ERROR       /*!< A thread error occured. */
--  };
--
--  //! The constructor.
+  public:
+   //! Defined RtAudioError types.
+@@ -214,25 +219,22 @@ class RtAudioError : public std::exception
+   };
+ 
+   //! The constructor.
 -  RtAudioError( const std::string& message, Type type = RtAudioError::UNSPECIFIED ) throw() : message_(message), type_(type) {}
 -
 -  //! The destructor.
 -  virtual ~RtAudioError( void ) throw() {}
--
--  //! Prints thrown error message to stderr.
++  RtAudioError( const std::string& message,
++                Type type = RtAudioError::UNSPECIFIED )
++    : std::runtime_error(message), type_(type) {}
+ 
+   //! Prints thrown error message to stderr.
 -  virtual void printMessage( void ) const throw() { std::cerr << '\n' << message_ << "\n\n"; }
--
--  //! Returns the thrown error message type.
++  virtual void printMessage( void ) const
++    { std::cerr << '\n' << what() << "\n\n"; }
+ 
+   //! Returns the thrown error message type.
 -  virtual const Type& getType(void) const throw() { return type_; }
--
--  //! Returns the thrown error message string.
++  virtual const Type& getType(void) const { return type_; }
+ 
+   //! Returns the thrown error message string.
 -  virtual const std::string& getMessage(void) const throw() { return message_; }
 -
 -  //! Returns the thrown error message as a c-style string.
--  virtual const char* what( void ) const throw() { return message_.c_str(); }
--
-- protected:
--  std::string message_;
--  Type type_;
-+public:
-+//! Defined RtAudioError types.
-+enum Type {
-+WARNING,           /*!< A non-critical error. */
-+DEBUG_WARNING,     /*!< A non-critical error which might be useful for debugging. */
-+UNSPECIFIED,       /*!< The default, unspecified error type. */
-+NO_DEVICES_FOUND,  /*!< No devices found on system. */
-+INVALID_DEVICE,    /*!< An invalid device ID was specified. */
-+MEMORY_ERROR,      /*!< An error occured during memory allocation. */
-+INVALID_PARAMETER, /*!< An invalid parameter was specified to a function. */
-+INVALID_USE,       /*!< The function was called incorrectly. */
-+DRIVER_ERROR,      /*!< A system driver error occured. */
-+SYSTEM_ERROR,      /*!< A system error occured. */
-+THREAD_ERROR       /*!< A thread error occured. */
-+};
-+
-+//! The constructor.
-+RtAudioError( const std::string& message,
-+Type type = RtAudioError::UNSPECIFIED )
-+: std::runtime_error(message), type_(type) {}
-+
-+//! Prints thrown error message to stderr.
-+virtual void printMessage( void ) const
-+{ std::cerr << '\n' << what() << "\n\n"; }
-+
-+//! Returns the thrown error message type.
-+virtual const Type& getType(void) const { return type_; }
-+
-+//! Returns the thrown error message string.
-+virtual const std::string getMessage(void) const
-+{ return std::string(what()); }
-+
-+protected:
-+Type type_;
- };
- 
- //! RtAudio error callback function prototype.
- /*!
--    \param type Type of error.
--    \param errorText Error description.
-- */
-+\param type Type of error.
-+\param errorText Error description.
-+*/
- typedef void (*RtAudioErrorCallback)( RtAudioError::Type type, const std::string &errorText );
+-  virtual const char* what( void ) const throw() { return message_.c_str(); }
++  virtual const std::string getMessage(void) const
++    { return std::string(what()); }
  
- // **************************************************************** //
-@@ -260,345 +262,343 @@
+  protected:
+-  std::string message_;
+   Type type_;
+ };
  
- class RtAudio
- {
-- public:
-+public:
-+
-+//! Audio API specifier arguments.
-+enum Api {
-+UNSPECIFIED,    /*!< Search for a working compiled API. */
-+LINUX_ALSA,     /*!< The Advanced Linux Sound Architecture API. */
-+LINUX_PULSE,    /*!< The Linux PulseAudio API. */
-+LINUX_OSS,      /*!< The Linux Open Sound System API. */
-+UNIX_JACK,      /*!< The Jack Low-Latency Audio Server API. */
-+MACOSX_CORE,    /*!< Macintosh OS-X Core Audio API. */
-+WINDOWS_WASAPI, /*!< The Microsoft WASAPI API. */
-+WINDOWS_ASIO,   /*!< The Steinberg Audio Stream I/O API. */
-+WINDOWS_DS,     /*!< The Microsoft Direct Sound API. */
-+RTAUDIO_DUMMY   /*!< A compilable but non-functional API. */
-+};
-+
-+//! The public device information structure for returning queried values.
-+struct DeviceInfo {
-+bool probed;                  /*!< true if the device capabilities were successfully probed. */
-+std::string name;             /*!< Character string device identifier. */
-+unsigned int outputChannels;  /*!< Maximum output channels supported by device. */
-+unsigned int inputChannels;   /*!< Maximum input channels supported by device. */
-+unsigned int duplexChannels;  /*!< Maximum simultaneous input/output channels supported by device. */
-+bool isDefaultOutput;         /*!< true if this is the default output device. */
-+bool isDefaultInput;          /*!< true if this is the default input device. */
-+std::vector<unsigned int> sampleRates; /*!< Supported sample rates (queried from list of standard rates). */
-+unsigned int preferredSampleRate; /*!< Preferred sample rate, eg. for WASAPI the system sample rate. */
-+RtAudioFormat nativeFormats;  /*!< Bit mask of supported data formats. */
-+
-+// Default constructor.
-+DeviceInfo()
-+:probed(false), outputChannels(0), inputChannels(0), duplexChannels(0),
-+isDefaultOutput(false), isDefaultInput(false), preferredSampleRate(0), nativeFormats(0) {}
-+};
-+
-+//! The structure for specifying input or ouput stream parameters.
-+struct StreamParameters {
-+unsigned int deviceId;     /*!< Device index (0 to getDeviceCount() - 1). */
-+unsigned int nChannels;    /*!< Number of channels. */
-+unsigned int firstChannel; /*!< First channel index on device (default = 0). */
-+
-+// Default constructor.
-+StreamParameters()
-+: deviceId(0), nChannels(0), firstChannel(0) {}
-+};
+@@ -341,7 +343,7 @@ class RtAudio
+     open the input and/or output stream device(s) for exclusive use.
+     Note that this is not possible with all supported audio APIs.
  
--  //! Audio API specifier arguments.
--  enum Api {
--    UNSPECIFIED,    /*!< Search for a working compiled API. */
--    LINUX_ALSA,     /*!< The Advanced Linux Sound Architecture API. */
--    LINUX_PULSE,    /*!< The Linux PulseAudio API. */
--    LINUX_OSS,      /*!< The Linux Open Sound System API. */
--    UNIX_JACK,      /*!< The Jack Low-Latency Audio Server API. */
--    MACOSX_CORE,    /*!< Macintosh OS-X Core Audio API. */
--    WINDOWS_WASAPI, /*!< The Microsoft WASAPI API. */
--    WINDOWS_ASIO,   /*!< The Steinberg Audio Stream I/O API. */
--    WINDOWS_DS,     /*!< The Microsoft Direct Sound API. */
--    RTAUDIO_DUMMY   /*!< A compilable but non-functional API. */
--  };
--
--  //! The public device information structure for returning queried values.
--  struct DeviceInfo {
--    bool probed;                  /*!< true if the device capabilities were successfully probed. */
--    std::string name;             /*!< Character string device identifier. */
--    unsigned int outputChannels;  /*!< Maximum output channels supported by device. */
--    unsigned int inputChannels;   /*!< Maximum input channels supported by device. */
--    unsigned int duplexChannels;  /*!< Maximum simultaneous input/output channels supported by device. */
--    bool isDefaultOutput;         /*!< true if this is the default output device. */
--    bool isDefaultInput;          /*!< true if this is the default input device. */
--    std::vector<unsigned int> sampleRates; /*!< Supported sample rates (queried from list of standard rates). */
--    unsigned int preferredSampleRate; /*!< Preferred sample rate, eg. for WASAPI the system sample rate. */
--    RtAudioFormat nativeFormats;  /*!< Bit mask of supported data formats. */
--
--    // Default constructor.
--    DeviceInfo()
--      :probed(false), outputChannels(0), inputChannels(0), duplexChannels(0),
--       isDefaultOutput(false), isDefaultInput(false), preferredSampleRate(0), nativeFormats(0) {}
--  };
--
--  //! The structure for specifying input or ouput stream parameters.
--  struct StreamParameters {
--    unsigned int deviceId;     /*!< Device index (0 to getDeviceCount() - 1). */
--    unsigned int nChannels;    /*!< Number of channels. */
--    unsigned int firstChannel; /*!< First channel index on device (default = 0). */
--
--    // Default constructor.
--    StreamParameters()
--      : deviceId(0), nChannels(0), firstChannel(0) {}
--  };
--
--  //! The structure for specifying stream options.
--  /*!
--    The following flags can be OR'ed together to allow a client to
--    make changes to the default stream behavior:
--
--    - \e RTAUDIO_NONINTERLEAVED:    Use non-interleaved buffers (default = interleaved).
--    - \e RTAUDIO_MINIMIZE_LATENCY:  Attempt to set stream parameters for lowest possible latency.
--    - \e RTAUDIO_HOG_DEVICE:        Attempt grab device for exclusive use.
--    - \e RTAUDIO_SCHEDULE_REALTIME: Attempt to select realtime scheduling for callback thread.
--    - \e RTAUDIO_ALSA_USE_DEFAULT:  Use the "default" PCM device (ALSA only).
--
--    By default, RtAudio streams pass and receive audio data from the
--    client in an interleaved format.  By passing the
--    RTAUDIO_NONINTERLEAVED flag to the openStream() function, audio
--    data will instead be presented in non-interleaved buffers.  In
--    this case, each buffer argument in the RtAudioCallback function
--    will point to a single array of data, with \c nFrames samples for
--    each channel concatenated back-to-back.  For example, the first
--    sample of data for the second channel would be located at index \c
--    nFrames (assuming the \c buffer pointer was recast to the correct
--    data type for the stream).
--
--    Certain audio APIs offer a number of parameters that influence the
--    I/O latency of a stream.  By default, RtAudio will attempt to set
--    these parameters internally for robust (glitch-free) performance
--    (though some APIs, like Windows Direct Sound, make this difficult).
--    By passing the RTAUDIO_MINIMIZE_LATENCY flag to the openStream()
--    function, internal stream settings will be influenced in an attempt
--    to minimize stream latency, though possibly at the expense of stream
--    performance.
--
--    If the RTAUDIO_HOG_DEVICE flag is set, RtAudio will attempt to
--    open the input and/or output stream device(s) for exclusive use.
--    Note that this is not possible with all supported audio APIs.
--
 -    If the RTAUDIO_SCHEDULE_REALTIME flag is set, RtAudio will attempt
--    to select realtime scheduling (round-robin) for the callback thread.
--    The \c priority parameter will only be used if the RTAUDIO_SCHEDULE_REALTIME
--    flag is set. It defines the thread's realtime priority.
--
--    If the RTAUDIO_ALSA_USE_DEFAULT flag is set, RtAudio will attempt to
--    open the "default" PCM device when using the ALSA API. Note that this
--    will override any specified input or output device id.
--
--    The \c numberOfBuffers parameter can be used to control stream
--    latency in the Windows DirectSound, Linux OSS, and Linux Alsa APIs
--    only.  A value of two is usually the smallest allowed.  Larger
--    numbers can potentially result in more robust stream performance,
--    though likely at the cost of stream latency.  The value set by the
--    user is replaced during execution of the RtAudio::openStream()
--    function by the value actually used by the system.
--
--    The \c streamName parameter can be used to set the client name
--    when using the Jack API.  By default, the client name is set to
--    RtApiJack.  However, if you wish to create multiple instances of
--    RtAudio with Jack, each instance must have a unique client name.
--  */
--  struct StreamOptions {
--    RtAudioStreamFlags flags;      /*!< A bit-mask of stream flags (RTAUDIO_NONINTERLEAVED, RTAUDIO_MINIMIZE_LATENCY, RTAUDIO_HOG_DEVICE, RTAUDIO_ALSA_USE_DEFAULT). */
--    unsigned int numberOfBuffers;  /*!< Number of stream buffers. */
--    std::string streamName;        /*!< A stream name (currently used only in Jack). */
--    int priority;                  /*!< Scheduling priority of callback thread (only used with flag RTAUDIO_SCHEDULE_REALTIME). */
--
--    // Default constructor.
--    StreamOptions()
--    : flags(0), numberOfBuffers(0), priority(0) {}
--  };
--
--  //! A static function to determine the current RtAudio version.
++    If the RTAUDIO_SCHEDULE_REALTIME flag is set, RtAudio will attempt 
+     to select realtime scheduling (round-robin) for the callback thread.
+     The \c priority parameter will only be used if the RTAUDIO_SCHEDULE_REALTIME
+     flag is set. It defines the thread's realtime priority.
+@@ -375,7 +377,7 @@ class RtAudio
+   };
+ 
+   //! A static function to determine the current RtAudio version.
 -  static std::string getVersion( void ) throw();
--
--  //! A static function to determine the available compiled audio APIs.
--  /*!
--    The values returned in the std::vector can be compared against
--    the enumerated list values.  Note that there can be more than one
--    API compiled for certain operating systems.
--  */
++  static std::string getVersion( void );
+ 
+   //! A static function to determine the available compiled audio APIs.
+   /*!
+@@ -383,7 +385,7 @@ class RtAudio
+     the enumerated list values.  Note that there can be more than one
+     API compiled for certain operating systems.
+   */
 -  static void getCompiledApi( std::vector<RtAudio::Api> &apis ) throw();
--
--  //! The class constructor.
--  /*!
--    The constructor performs minor initialization tasks.  An exception
--    can be thrown if no API support is compiled.
--
--    If no API argument is specified and multiple API support has been
--    compiled, the default order of use is JACK, ALSA, OSS (Linux
--    systems) and ASIO, DS (Windows systems).
--  */
--  RtAudio( RtAudio::Api api=UNSPECIFIED );
--
--  //! The destructor.
--  /*!
--    If a stream is running or open, it will be stopped and closed
--    automatically.
--  */
++  static void getCompiledApi( std::vector<RtAudio::Api> &apis );
+ 
+   //! The class constructor.
+   /*!
+@@ -401,18 +403,18 @@ class RtAudio
+     If a stream is running or open, it will be stopped and closed
+     automatically.
+   */
 -  ~RtAudio() throw();
--
--  //! Returns the audio API specifier for the current instance of RtAudio.
++  ~RtAudio();
+ 
+   //! Returns the audio API specifier for the current instance of RtAudio.
 -  RtAudio::Api getCurrentApi( void ) throw();
--
--  //! A public function that queries for the number of audio devices available.
--  /*!
--    This function performs a system query of available devices each time it
--    is called, thus supporting devices connected \e after instantiation. If
++  RtAudio::Api getCurrentApi( void );
+ 
+   //! A public function that queries for the number of audio devices available.
+   /*!
+     This function performs a system query of available devices each time it
+     is called, thus supporting devices connected \e after instantiation. If
 -    a system error occurs during processing, a warning will be issued.
--  */
++    a system error occurs during processing, a warning will be issued. 
+   */
 -  unsigned int getDeviceCount( void ) throw();
--
--  //! Return an RtAudio::DeviceInfo structure for a specified device number.
--  /*!
--
--    Any device integer between 0 and getDeviceCount() - 1 is valid.
--    If an invalid argument is provided, an RtAudioError (type = INVALID_USE)
--    will be thrown.  If a device is busy or otherwise unavailable, the
--    structure member "probed" will have a value of "false" and all
--    other members are undefined.  If the specified device is the
--    current default input or output device, the corresponding
--    "isDefault" member will have a value of "true".
--  */
--  RtAudio::DeviceInfo getDeviceInfo( unsigned int device );
--
--  //! A function that returns the index of the default output device.
--  /*!
--    If the underlying audio API does not provide a "default
--    device", or if no devices are available, the return value will be
--    0.  Note that this is a valid device identifier and it is the
--    client's responsibility to verify that a device is available
--    before attempting to open a stream.
--  */
++  unsigned int getDeviceCount( void );
+ 
+   //! Return an RtAudio::DeviceInfo structure for a specified device number.
+   /*!
+@@ -435,7 +437,7 @@ class RtAudio
+     client's responsibility to verify that a device is available
+     before attempting to open a stream.
+   */
 -  unsigned int getDefaultOutputDevice( void ) throw();
--
--  //! A function that returns the index of the default input device.
--  /*!
--    If the underlying audio API does not provide a "default
--    device", or if no devices are available, the return value will be
--    0.  Note that this is a valid device identifier and it is the
--    client's responsibility to verify that a device is available
--    before attempting to open a stream.
--  */
++  unsigned int getDefaultOutputDevice( void );
+ 
+   //! A function that returns the index of the default input device.
+   /*!
+@@ -445,7 +447,7 @@ class RtAudio
+     client's responsibility to verify that a device is available
+     before attempting to open a stream.
+   */
 -  unsigned int getDefaultInputDevice( void ) throw();
--
--  //! A public function for opening a stream with the specified parameters.
--  /*!
--    An RtAudioError (type = SYSTEM_ERROR) is thrown if a stream cannot be
--    opened with the specified parameters or an error occurs during
--    processing.  An RtAudioError (type = INVALID_USE) is thrown if any
--    invalid device ID or channel number parameters are specified.
--
--    \param outputParameters Specifies output stream parameters to use
--           when opening a stream, including a device ID, number of channels,
--           and starting channel number.  For input-only streams, this
--           argument should be NULL.  The device ID is an index value between
--           0 and getDeviceCount() - 1.
--    \param inputParameters Specifies input stream parameters to use
--           when opening a stream, including a device ID, number of channels,
--           and starting channel number.  For output-only streams, this
--           argument should be NULL.  The device ID is an index value between
--           0 and getDeviceCount() - 1.
--    \param format An RtAudioFormat specifying the desired sample data format.
--    \param sampleRate The desired sample rate (sample frames per second).
--    \param *bufferFrames A pointer to a value indicating the desired
--           internal buffer size in sample frames.  The actual value
--           used by the device is returned via the same pointer.  A
--           value of zero can be specified, in which case the lowest
--           allowable value is determined.
--    \param callback A client-defined function that will be invoked
--           when input data is available and/or output data is needed.
--    \param userData An optional pointer to data that can be accessed
--           from within the callback function.
--    \param options An optional pointer to a structure containing various
--           global stream options, including a list of OR'ed RtAudioStreamFlags
++  unsigned int getDefaultInputDevice( void );
+ 
+   //! A public function for opening a stream with the specified parameters.
+   /*!
+@@ -477,7 +479,7 @@ class RtAudio
+            from within the callback function.
+     \param options An optional pointer to a structure containing various
+            global stream options, including a list of OR'ed RtAudioStreamFlags
 -           and a suggested number of stream buffers that can be used to
--           control stream latency.  More buffers typically result in more
--           robust performance, though at a cost of greater latency.  If a
--           value of zero is specified, a system-specific median value is
--           chosen.  If the RTAUDIO_MINIMIZE_LATENCY flag bit is set, the
--           lowest allowable value is used.  The actual value used is
--           returned via the structure argument.  The parameter is API dependent.
--    \param errorCallback A client-defined function that will be invoked
--           when an error has occured.
--  */
--  void openStream( RtAudio::StreamParameters *outputParameters,
--                   RtAudio::StreamParameters *inputParameters,
--                   RtAudioFormat format, unsigned int sampleRate,
--                   unsigned int *bufferFrames, RtAudioCallback callback,
--                   void *userData = NULL, RtAudio::StreamOptions *options = NULL, RtAudioErrorCallback errorCallback = NULL );
--
--  //! A function that closes a stream and frees any associated stream memory.
--  /*!
--    If a stream is not open, this function issues a warning and
--    returns (no exception is thrown).
--  */
++           and a suggested number of stream buffers that can be used to 
+            control stream latency.  More buffers typically result in more
+            robust performance, though at a cost of greater latency.  If a
+            value of zero is specified, a system-specific median value is
+@@ -498,7 +500,7 @@ class RtAudio
+     If a stream is not open, this function issues a warning and
+     returns (no exception is thrown).
+   */
 -  void closeStream( void ) throw();
--
--  //! A function that starts a stream.
--  /*!
--    An RtAudioError (type = SYSTEM_ERROR) is thrown if an error occurs
--    during processing.  An RtAudioError (type = INVALID_USE) is thrown if a
--    stream is not open.  A warning is issued if the stream is already
--    running.
--  */
--  void startStream( void );
--
--  //! Stop a stream, allowing any samples remaining in the output queue to be played.
--  /*!
--    An RtAudioError (type = SYSTEM_ERROR) is thrown if an error occurs
--    during processing.  An RtAudioError (type = INVALID_USE) is thrown if a
--    stream is not open.  A warning is issued if the stream is already
--    stopped.
--  */
--  void stopStream( void );
--
--  //! Stop a stream, discarding any samples remaining in the input/output queue.
--  /*!
--    An RtAudioError (type = SYSTEM_ERROR) is thrown if an error occurs
--    during processing.  An RtAudioError (type = INVALID_USE) is thrown if a
--    stream is not open.  A warning is issued if the stream is already
--    stopped.
--  */
--  void abortStream( void );
--
--  //! Returns true if a stream is open and false if not.
++  void closeStream( void );
+ 
+   //! A function that starts a stream.
+   /*!
+@@ -528,10 +530,10 @@ class RtAudio
+   void abortStream( void );
+ 
+   //! Returns true if a stream is open and false if not.
 -  bool isStreamOpen( void ) const throw();
--
--  //! Returns true if the stream is running and false if it is stopped or not open.
++  bool isStreamOpen( void ) const;
+ 
+   //! Returns true if the stream is running and false if it is stopped or not open.
 -  bool isStreamRunning( void ) const throw();
--
--  //! Returns the number of elapsed seconds since the stream was started.
--  /*!
--    If a stream is not open, an RtAudioError (type = INVALID_USE) will be thrown.
--  */
--  double getStreamTime( void );
--
--  //! Set the stream time to a time in seconds greater than or equal to 0.0.
--  /*!
--    If a stream is not open, an RtAudioError (type = INVALID_USE) will be thrown.
--  */
--  void setStreamTime( double time );
--
--  //! Returns the internal stream latency in sample frames.
--  /*!
--    The stream latency refers to delay in audio input and/or output
--    caused by internal buffering by the audio system and/or hardware.
--    For duplex streams, the returned value will represent the sum of
--    the input and output latencies.  If a stream is not open, an
--    RtAudioError (type = INVALID_USE) will be thrown.  If the API does not
--    report latency, the return value will be zero.
--  */
--  long getStreamLatency( void );
--
-- //! Returns actual sample rate in use by the stream.
-- /*!
--   On some systems, the sample rate used may be slightly different
--   than that specified in the stream parameters.  If a stream is not
--   open, an RtAudioError (type = INVALID_USE) will be thrown.
-- */
--  unsigned int getStreamSampleRate( void );
--
--  //! Specify whether warning messages should be printed to stderr.
++  bool isStreamRunning( void ) const;
+ 
+   //! Returns the number of elapsed seconds since the stream was started.
+   /*!
+@@ -565,14 +567,14 @@ class RtAudio
+   unsigned int getStreamSampleRate( void );
+ 
+   //! Specify whether warning messages should be printed to stderr.
 -  void showWarnings( bool value = true ) throw();
--
++  void showWarnings( bool value = true );
+ 
 -  /* --- Monocasual hack ---------------------------------------------------- */
 -  	//protected:
 -  /* ------------------------------------------------------------------------ */
-+//! The structure for specifying stream options.
-+/*!
-+The following flags can be OR'ed together to allow a client to
-+make changes to the default stream behavior:
++ protected:
  
--  void openRtApi( RtAudio::Api api );
--  RtApi *rtapi_;
-+- \e RTAUDIO_NONINTERLEAVED:    Use non-interleaved buffers (default = interleaved).
-+- \e RTAUDIO_MINIMIZE_LATENCY:  Attempt to set stream parameters for lowest possible latency.
-+- \e RTAUDIO_HOG_DEVICE:        Attempt grab device for exclusive use.
-+- \e RTAUDIO_SCHEDULE_REALTIME: Attempt to select realtime scheduling for callback thread.
-+- \e RTAUDIO_ALSA_USE_DEFAULT:  Use the "default" PCM device (ALSA only).
-+
-+By default, RtAudio streams pass and receive audio data from the
-+client in an interleaved format.  By passing the
-+RTAUDIO_NONINTERLEAVED flag to the openStream() function, audio
-+data will instead be presented in non-interleaved buffers.  In
-+this case, each buffer argument in the RtAudioCallback function
-+will point to a single array of data, with \c nFrames samples for
-+each channel concatenated back-to-back.  For example, the first
-+sample of data for the second channel would be located at index \c
-+nFrames (assuming the \c buffer pointer was recast to the correct
-+data type for the stream).
-+
-+Certain audio APIs offer a number of parameters that influence the
-+I/O latency of a stream.  By default, RtAudio will attempt to set
-+these parameters internally for robust (glitch-free) performance
-+(though some APIs, like Windows Direct Sound, make this difficult).
-+By passing the RTAUDIO_MINIMIZE_LATENCY flag to the openStream()
-+function, internal stream settings will be influenced in an attempt
-+to minimize stream latency, though possibly at the expense of stream
-+performance.
-+
-+If the RTAUDIO_HOG_DEVICE flag is set, RtAudio will attempt to
-+open the input and/or output stream device(s) for exclusive use.
-+Note that this is not possible with all supported audio APIs.
-+
-+If the RTAUDIO_SCHEDULE_REALTIME flag is set, RtAudio will attempt 
-+to select realtime scheduling (round-robin) for the callback thread.
-+The \c priority parameter will only be used if the RTAUDIO_SCHEDULE_REALTIME
-+flag is set. It defines the thread's realtime priority.
-+
-+If the RTAUDIO_ALSA_USE_DEFAULT flag is set, RtAudio will attempt to
-+open the "default" PCM device when using the ALSA API. Note that this
-+will override any specified input or output device id.
-+
-+The \c numberOfBuffers parameter can be used to control stream
-+latency in the Windows DirectSound, Linux OSS, and Linux Alsa APIs
-+only.  A value of two is usually the smallest allowed.  Larger
-+numbers can potentially result in more robust stream performance,
-+though likely at the cost of stream latency.  The value set by the
-+user is replaced during execution of the RtAudio::openStream()
-+function by the value actually used by the system.
-+
-+The \c streamName parameter can be used to set the client name
-+when using the Jack API.  By default, the client name is set to
-+RtApiJack.  However, if you wish to create multiple instances of
-+RtAudio with Jack, each instance must have a unique client name.
-+*/
-+struct StreamOptions {
-+RtAudioStreamFlags flags;      /*!< A bit-mask of stream flags (RTAUDIO_NONINTERLEAVED, RTAUDIO_MINIMIZE_LATENCY, RTAUDIO_HOG_DEVICE, RTAUDIO_ALSA_USE_DEFAULT). */
-+unsigned int numberOfBuffers;  /*!< Number of stream buffers. */
-+std::string streamName;        /*!< A stream name (currently used only in Jack). */
-+int priority;                  /*!< Scheduling priority of callback thread (only used with flag RTAUDIO_SCHEDULE_REALTIME). */
-+
-+// Default constructor.
-+StreamOptions()
-+: flags(0), numberOfBuffers(0), priority(0) {}
-+};
-+
-+//! A static function to determine the current RtAudio version.
-+static std::string getVersion( void );
-+
-+//! A static function to determine the available compiled audio APIs.
-+/*!
-+The values returned in the std::vector can be compared against
-+the enumerated list values.  Note that there can be more than one
-+API compiled for certain operating systems.
-+*/
-+static void getCompiledApi( std::vector<RtAudio::Api> &apis );
-+
-+//! The class constructor.
-+/*!
-+The constructor performs minor initialization tasks.  An exception
-+can be thrown if no API support is compiled.
-+
-+If no API argument is specified and multiple API support has been
-+compiled, the default order of use is JACK, ALSA, OSS (Linux
-+systems) and ASIO, DS (Windows systems).
-+*/
-+RtAudio( RtAudio::Api api=UNSPECIFIED );
-+
-+//! The destructor.
-+/*!
-+If a stream is running or open, it will be stopped and closed
-+automatically.
-+*/
-+~RtAudio();
-+
-+//! Returns the audio API specifier for the current instance of RtAudio.
-+RtAudio::Api getCurrentApi( void );
-+
-+//! A public function that queries for the number of audio devices available.
-+/*!
-+This function performs a system query of available devices each time it
-+is called, thus supporting devices connected \e after instantiation. If
-+a system error occurs during processing, a warning will be issued. 
-+*/
-+unsigned int getDeviceCount( void );
-+
-+//! Return an RtAudio::DeviceInfo structure for a specified device number.
-+/*!
-+
-+Any device integer between 0 and getDeviceCount() - 1 is valid.
-+If an invalid argument is provided, an RtAudioError (type = INVALID_USE)
-+will be thrown.  If a device is busy or otherwise unavailable, the
-+structure member "probed" will have a value of "false" and all
-+other members are undefined.  If the specified device is the
-+current default input or output device, the corresponding
-+"isDefault" member will have a value of "true".
-+*/
-+RtAudio::DeviceInfo getDeviceInfo( unsigned int device );
-+
-+//! A function that returns the index of the default output device.
-+/*!
-+If the underlying audio API does not provide a "default
-+device", or if no devices are available, the return value will be
-+0.  Note that this is a valid device identifier and it is the
-+client's responsibility to verify that a device is available
-+before attempting to open a stream.
-+*/
-+unsigned int getDefaultOutputDevice( void );
-+
-+//! A function that returns the index of the default input device.
-+/*!
-+If the underlying audio API does not provide a "default
-+device", or if no devices are available, the return value will be
-+0.  Note that this is a valid device identifier and it is the
-+client's responsibility to verify that a device is available
-+before attempting to open a stream.
-+*/
-+unsigned int getDefaultInputDevice( void );
-+
-+//! A public function for opening a stream with the specified parameters.
-+/*!
-+An RtAudioError (type = SYSTEM_ERROR) is thrown if a stream cannot be
-+opened with the specified parameters or an error occurs during
-+processing.  An RtAudioError (type = INVALID_USE) is thrown if any
-+invalid device ID or channel number parameters are specified.
-+
-+\param outputParameters Specifies output stream parameters to use
-+when opening a stream, including a device ID, number of channels,
-+and starting channel number.  For input-only streams, this
-+argument should be NULL.  The device ID is an index value between
-+0 and getDeviceCount() - 1.
-+\param inputParameters Specifies input stream parameters to use
-+when opening a stream, including a device ID, number of channels,
-+and starting channel number.  For output-only streams, this
-+argument should be NULL.  The device ID is an index value between
-+0 and getDeviceCount() - 1.
-+\param format An RtAudioFormat specifying the desired sample data format.
-+\param sampleRate The desired sample rate (sample frames per second).
-+\param *bufferFrames A pointer to a value indicating the desired
-+internal buffer size in sample frames.  The actual value
-+used by the device is returned via the same pointer.  A
-+value of zero can be specified, in which case the lowest
-+allowable value is determined.
-+\param callback A client-defined function that will be invoked
-+when input data is available and/or output data is needed.
-+\param userData An optional pointer to data that can be accessed
-+from within the callback function.
-+\param options An optional pointer to a structure containing various
-+global stream options, including a list of OR'ed RtAudioStreamFlags
-+and a suggested number of stream buffers that can be used to 
-+control stream latency.  More buffers typically result in more
-+robust performance, though at a cost of greater latency.  If a
-+value of zero is specified, a system-specific median value is
-+chosen.  If the RTAUDIO_MINIMIZE_LATENCY flag bit is set, the
-+lowest allowable value is used.  The actual value used is
-+returned via the structure argument.  The parameter is API dependent.
-+\param errorCallback A client-defined function that will be invoked
-+when an error has occured.
-+*/
-+void openStream( RtAudio::StreamParameters *outputParameters,
-+RtAudio::StreamParameters *inputParameters,
-+RtAudioFormat format, unsigned int sampleRate,
-+unsigned int *bufferFrames, RtAudioCallback callback,
-+void *userData = NULL, RtAudio::StreamOptions *options = NULL, RtAudioErrorCallback errorCallback = NULL );
-+
-+//! A function that closes a stream and frees any associated stream memory.
-+/*!
-+If a stream is not open, this function issues a warning and
-+returns (no exception is thrown).
-+*/
-+void closeStream( void );
-+
-+//! A function that starts a stream.
-+/*!
-+An RtAudioError (type = SYSTEM_ERROR) is thrown if an error occurs
-+during processing.  An RtAudioError (type = INVALID_USE) is thrown if a
-+stream is not open.  A warning is issued if the stream is already
-+running.
-+*/
-+void startStream( void );
-+
-+//! Stop a stream, allowing any samples remaining in the output queue to be played.
-+/*!
-+An RtAudioError (type = SYSTEM_ERROR) is thrown if an error occurs
-+during processing.  An RtAudioError (type = INVALID_USE) is thrown if a
-+stream is not open.  A warning is issued if the stream is already
-+stopped.
-+*/
-+void stopStream( void );
-+
-+//! Stop a stream, discarding any samples remaining in the input/output queue.
-+/*!
-+An RtAudioError (type = SYSTEM_ERROR) is thrown if an error occurs
-+during processing.  An RtAudioError (type = INVALID_USE) is thrown if a
-+stream is not open.  A warning is issued if the stream is already
-+stopped.
-+*/
-+void abortStream( void );
-+
-+//! Returns true if a stream is open and false if not.
-+bool isStreamOpen( void ) const;
-+
-+//! Returns true if the stream is running and false if it is stopped or not open.
-+bool isStreamRunning( void ) const;
-+
-+//! Returns the number of elapsed seconds since the stream was started.
-+/*!
-+If a stream is not open, an RtAudioError (type = INVALID_USE) will be thrown.
-+*/
-+double getStreamTime( void );
-+
-+//! Set the stream time to a time in seconds greater than or equal to 0.0.
-+/*!
-+If a stream is not open, an RtAudioError (type = INVALID_USE) will be thrown.
-+*/
-+void setStreamTime( double time );
-+
-+//! Returns the internal stream latency in sample frames.
-+/*!
-+The stream latency refers to delay in audio input and/or output
-+caused by internal buffering by the audio system and/or hardware.
-+For duplex streams, the returned value will represent the sum of
-+the input and output latencies.  If a stream is not open, an
-+RtAudioError (type = INVALID_USE) will be thrown.  If the API does not
-+report latency, the return value will be zero.
-+*/
-+long getStreamLatency( void );
-+
-+//! Returns actual sample rate in use by the stream.
-+/*!
-+On some systems, the sample rate used may be slightly different
-+than that specified in the stream parameters.  If a stream is not
-+open, an RtAudioError (type = INVALID_USE) will be thrown.
-+*/
-+unsigned int getStreamSampleRate( void );
-+
-+//! Specify whether warning messages should be printed to stderr.
-+void showWarnings( bool value = true );
+   void openRtApi( RtAudio::Api api );
+   RtApi *rtapi_;
 +
-+protected:
-+
-+void openRtApi( RtAudio::Api api );
-+RtApi *rtapi_;
++ friend class RtApi; /* Monocasual hack */ 
  };
  
  // Operating system dependent thread functionality.
- #if defined(__WINDOWS_DS__) || defined(__WINDOWS_ASIO__) || defined(__WINDOWS_WASAPI__)
- 
--  #ifndef NOMINMAX
--    #define NOMINMAX
--  #endif
--  #include <windows.h>
--  #include <process.h>
-+#ifndef NOMINMAX
-+#define NOMINMAX
-+#endif
-+#include <windows.h>
-+#include <process.h>
- 
--  typedef uintptr_t ThreadHandle;
--  typedef CRITICAL_SECTION StreamMutex;
-+typedef uintptr_t ThreadHandle;
-+typedef CRITICAL_SECTION StreamMutex;
- 
- #elif defined(__LINUX_ALSA__) || defined(__LINUX_PULSE__) || defined(__UNIX_JACK__) || defined(__LINUX_OSS__) || defined(__MACOSX_CORE__)
--  // Using pthread library for various flavors of unix.
--  #include <pthread.h>
-+// Using pthread library for various flavors of unix.
-+#include <pthread.h>
+@@ -618,7 +620,7 @@ struct CallbackInfo {
  
--  typedef pthread_t ThreadHandle;
--  typedef pthread_mutex_t StreamMutex;
-+typedef pthread_t ThreadHandle;
-+typedef pthread_mutex_t StreamMutex;
- 
- #else // Setup for "dummy" behavior
- 
--  #define __RTAUDIO_DUMMY__
--  typedef int ThreadHandle;
--  typedef int StreamMutex;
-+#define __RTAUDIO_DUMMY__
-+typedef int ThreadHandle;
-+typedef int StreamMutex;
- 
- #endif
- 
-@@ -606,19 +606,19 @@
- // between the private RtAudio stream structure and global callback
- // handling functions.
- struct CallbackInfo {
--  void *object;    // Used as a "this" pointer.
--  ThreadHandle thread;
--  void *callback;
--  void *userData;
--  void *errorCallback;
--  void *apiInfo;   // void pointer for API specific callback information
--  bool isRunning;
--  bool doRealtime;
--  int priority;
--
--  // Default constructor.
--  CallbackInfo()
+   // Default constructor.
+   CallbackInfo()
 -  :object(0), callback(0), userData(0), errorCallback(0), apiInfo(0), isRunning(false), doRealtime(false) {}
-+void *object;    // Used as a "this" pointer.
-+ThreadHandle thread;
-+void *callback;
-+void *userData;
-+void *errorCallback;
-+void *apiInfo;   // void pointer for API specific callback information
-+bool isRunning;
-+bool doRealtime;
-+int priority;
-+
-+// Default constructor.
-+CallbackInfo()
-+:object(0), callback(0), userData(0), errorCallback(0), apiInfo(0), isRunning(false), doRealtime(false), priority(0) {}
++  :object(0), callback(0), userData(0), errorCallback(0), apiInfo(0), isRunning(false), doRealtime(false), priority(0) {}
  };
  
  // **************************************************************** //
-@@ -638,35 +638,35 @@
- #pragma pack(push, 1)
- class S24 {
- 
-- protected:
--  unsigned char c3[3];
-+protected:
-+unsigned char c3[3];
- 
-- public:
--  S24() {}
-+public:
-+S24() {}
- 
--  S24& operator = ( const int& i ) {
--    c3[0] = (i & 0x000000ff);
--    c3[1] = (i & 0x0000ff00) >> 8;
--    c3[2] = (i & 0x00ff0000) >> 16;
--    return *this;
--  }
--
--  S24( const S24& v ) { *this = v; }
--  S24( const double& d ) { *this = (int) d; }
--  S24( const float& f ) { *this = (int) f; }
--  S24( const signed short& s ) { *this = (int) s; }
--  S24( const char& c ) { *this = (int) c; }
--
--  int asInt() {
--    int i = c3[0] | (c3[1] << 8) | (c3[2] << 16);
--    if (i & 0x800000) i |= ~0xffffff;
--    return i;
--  }
-+S24& operator = ( const int& i ) {
-+c3[0] = (i & 0x000000ff);
-+c3[1] = (i & 0x0000ff00) >> 8;
-+c3[2] = (i & 0x00ff0000) >> 16;
-+return *this;
-+}
-+
-+S24( const S24& v ) { *this = v; }
-+S24( const double& d ) { *this = (int) d; }
-+S24( const float& f ) { *this = (int) f; }
-+S24( const signed short& s ) { *this = (int) s; }
-+S24( const char& c ) { *this = (int) c; }
-+
-+int asInt() {
-+int i = c3[0] | (c3[1] << 8) | (c3[2] << 16);
-+if (i & 0x800000) i |= ~0xffffff;
-+return i;
-+}
- };
- #pragma pack(pop)
- 
- #if defined( HAVE_GETTIMEOFDAY )
--  #include <sys/time.h>
-+#include <sys/time.h>
- #endif
- 
- #include <sstream>
-@@ -675,155 +675,149 @@
+@@ -675,12 +677,6 @@ class RtApi
  {
  public:
  
@@ -21779,283 +20825,32 @@ Date: Wed Oct 25 14:21:33 CEST 2017
 -  #endif
 -  /* ------------------------------------------------------------------------ */
 -
--  RtApi();
--  virtual ~RtApi();
--  virtual RtAudio::Api getCurrentApi( void ) = 0;
--  virtual unsigned int getDeviceCount( void ) = 0;
--  virtual RtAudio::DeviceInfo getDeviceInfo( unsigned int device ) = 0;
--  virtual unsigned int getDefaultInputDevice( void );
--  virtual unsigned int getDefaultOutputDevice( void );
--  void openStream( RtAudio::StreamParameters *outputParameters,
--                   RtAudio::StreamParameters *inputParameters,
--                   RtAudioFormat format, unsigned int sampleRate,
--                   unsigned int *bufferFrames, RtAudioCallback callback,
--                   void *userData, RtAudio::StreamOptions *options,
--                   RtAudioErrorCallback errorCallback );
--  virtual void closeStream( void );
--  virtual void startStream( void ) = 0;
--  virtual void stopStream( void ) = 0;
--  virtual void abortStream( void ) = 0;
--  long getStreamLatency( void );
--  unsigned int getStreamSampleRate( void );
--  virtual double getStreamTime( void );
--  virtual void setStreamTime( double time );
--  bool isStreamOpen( void ) const { return stream_.state != STREAM_CLOSED; }
--  bool isStreamRunning( void ) const { return stream_.state == STREAM_RUNNING; }
--  void showWarnings( bool value ) { showWarnings_ = value; }
-+RtApi();
-+virtual ~RtApi();
-+virtual RtAudio::Api getCurrentApi( void ) = 0;
-+virtual unsigned int getDeviceCount( void ) = 0;
-+virtual RtAudio::DeviceInfo getDeviceInfo( unsigned int device ) = 0;
-+virtual unsigned int getDefaultInputDevice( void );
-+virtual unsigned int getDefaultOutputDevice( void );
-+void openStream( RtAudio::StreamParameters *outputParameters,
-+RtAudio::StreamParameters *inputParameters,
-+RtAudioFormat format, unsigned int sampleRate,
-+unsigned int *bufferFrames, RtAudioCallback callback,
-+void *userData, RtAudio::StreamOptions *options,
-+RtAudioErrorCallback errorCallback );
-+virtual void closeStream( void );
-+virtual void startStream( void ) = 0;
-+virtual void stopStream( void ) = 0;
-+virtual void abortStream( void ) = 0;
-+long getStreamLatency( void );
-+unsigned int getStreamSampleRate( void );
-+virtual double getStreamTime( void );
-+virtual void setStreamTime( double time );
-+bool isStreamOpen( void ) const { return stream_.state != STREAM_CLOSED; }
-+bool isStreamRunning( void ) const { return stream_.state == STREAM_RUNNING; }
-+void showWarnings( bool value ) { showWarnings_ = value; }
- 
- 
- protected:
- 
--  static const unsigned int MAX_SAMPLE_RATES;
--  static const unsigned int SAMPLE_RATES[];
-+static const unsigned int MAX_SAMPLE_RATES;
-+static const unsigned int SAMPLE_RATES[];
-+
-+enum { FAILURE, SUCCESS };
-+
-+enum StreamState {
-+STREAM_STOPPED,
-+STREAM_STOPPING,
-+STREAM_RUNNING,
-+STREAM_CLOSED = -50
-+};
-+
-+enum StreamMode {
-+OUTPUT,
-+INPUT,
-+DUPLEX,
-+UNINITIALIZED = -75
-+};
- 
--  enum { FAILURE, SUCCESS };
-+// A protected structure used for buffer conversion.
-+struct ConvertInfo {
-+int channels;
-+int inJump, outJump;
-+RtAudioFormat inFormat, outFormat;
-+std::vector<int> inOffset;
-+std::vector<int> outOffset;
-+};
- 
--  enum StreamState {
--    STREAM_STOPPED,
--    STREAM_STOPPING,
--    STREAM_RUNNING,
--    STREAM_CLOSED = -50
--  };
--
--  enum StreamMode {
--    OUTPUT,
--    INPUT,
--    DUPLEX,
--    UNINITIALIZED = -75
--  };
--
--  // A protected structure used for buffer conversion.
--  struct ConvertInfo {
--    int channels;
--    int inJump, outJump;
--    RtAudioFormat inFormat, outFormat;
--    std::vector<int> inOffset;
--    std::vector<int> outOffset;
--  };
--
--  // A protected structure for audio streams.
--  struct RtApiStream {
--    unsigned int device[2];    // Playback and record, respectively.
--    void *apiHandle;           // void pointer for API specific stream handle information
--    StreamMode mode;           // OUTPUT, INPUT, or DUPLEX.
--    StreamState state;         // STOPPED, RUNNING, or CLOSED
--    char *userBuffer[2];       // Playback and record, respectively.
--    char *deviceBuffer;
--    bool doConvertBuffer[2];   // Playback and record, respectively.
--    bool userInterleaved;
--    bool deviceInterleaved[2]; // Playback and record, respectively.
--    bool doByteSwap[2];        // Playback and record, respectively.
--    unsigned int sampleRate;
--    unsigned int bufferSize;
--    unsigned int nBuffers;
--    unsigned int nUserChannels[2];    // Playback and record, respectively.
--    unsigned int nDeviceChannels[2];  // Playback and record channels, respectively.
--    unsigned int channelOffset[2];    // Playback and record, respectively.
--    unsigned long latency[2];         // Playback and record, respectively.
--    RtAudioFormat userFormat;
--    RtAudioFormat deviceFormat[2];    // Playback and record, respectively.
--    StreamMutex mutex;
--    CallbackInfo callbackInfo;
--    ConvertInfo convertInfo[2];
--    double streamTime;         // Number of elapsed seconds since the stream started.
-+// A protected structure for audio streams.
-+struct RtApiStream {
-+unsigned int device[2];    // Playback and record, respectively.
-+void *apiHandle;           // void pointer for API specific stream handle information
-+StreamMode mode;           // OUTPUT, INPUT, or DUPLEX.
-+StreamState state;         // STOPPED, RUNNING, or CLOSED
-+char *userBuffer[2];       // Playback and record, respectively.
-+char *deviceBuffer;
-+bool doConvertBuffer[2];   // Playback and record, respectively.
-+bool userInterleaved;
-+bool deviceInterleaved[2]; // Playback and record, respectively.
-+bool doByteSwap[2];        // Playback and record, respectively.
-+unsigned int sampleRate;
-+unsigned int bufferSize;
-+unsigned int nBuffers;
-+unsigned int nUserChannels[2];    // Playback and record, respectively.
-+unsigned int nDeviceChannels[2];  // Playback and record channels, respectively.
-+unsigned int channelOffset[2];    // Playback and record, respectively.
-+unsigned long latency[2];         // Playback and record, respectively.
-+RtAudioFormat userFormat;
-+RtAudioFormat deviceFormat[2];    // Playback and record, respectively.
-+StreamMutex mutex;
-+CallbackInfo callbackInfo;
-+ConvertInfo convertInfo[2];
-+double streamTime;         // Number of elapsed seconds since the stream started.
- 
- #if defined(HAVE_GETTIMEOFDAY)
--    struct timeval lastTickTimestamp;
-+struct timeval lastTickTimestamp;
- #endif
- 
--    RtApiStream()
--      :apiHandle(0), deviceBuffer(0) { device[0] = 11111; device[1] = 11111; }
--  };
--
--  typedef S24 Int24;
--  typedef signed short Int16;
--  typedef signed int Int32;
--  typedef float Float32;
--  typedef double Float64;
--
--  std::ostringstream errorStream_;
--  std::string errorText_;
--  bool showWarnings_;
--  RtApiStream stream_;
--  bool firstErrorOccurred_;
--
--  /*!
--    Protected, api-specific method that attempts to open a device
--    with the given parameters.  This function MUST be implemented by
--    all subclasses.  If an error is encountered during the probe, a
--    "warning" message is reported and FAILURE is returned. A
--    successful probe is indicated by a return value of SUCCESS.
--  */
+   RtApi();
+   virtual ~RtApi();
+   virtual RtAudio::Api getCurrentApi( void ) = 0;
+@@ -790,7 +786,7 @@ protected:
+     "warning" message is reported and FAILURE is returned. A
+     successful probe is indicated by a return value of SUCCESS.
+   */
 -  virtual bool probeDeviceOpen( unsigned int device, StreamMode mode, unsigned int channels,
--                                unsigned int firstChannel, unsigned int sampleRate,
--                                RtAudioFormat format, unsigned int *bufferSize,
--                                RtAudio::StreamOptions *options );
--
--  //! A protected function used to increment the stream time.
--  void tickStreamTime( void );
--
--  //! Protected common method to clear an RtApiStream structure.
--  void clearStreamInfo();
--
--  /*!
--    Protected common method that throws an RtAudioError (type =
--    INVALID_USE) if a stream is not open.
--  */
--  void verifyStream( void );
--
--  //! Protected common error method to allow global control over error handling.
--  void error( RtAudioError::Type type );
--
--  /*!
--    Protected method used to perform format, channel number, and/or interleaving
--    conversions between the user and device buffers.
--  */
--  void convertBuffer( char *outBuffer, char *inBuffer, ConvertInfo &info );
-+RtApiStream()
-+:apiHandle(0), deviceBuffer(0) { device[0] = 11111; device[1] = 11111; }
-+};
-+
-+typedef S24 Int24;
-+typedef signed short Int16;
-+typedef signed int Int32;
-+typedef float Float32;
-+typedef double Float64;
-+
-+std::ostringstream errorStream_;
-+std::string errorText_;
-+bool showWarnings_;
-+RtApiStream stream_;
-+bool firstErrorOccurred_;
-+
-+/*!
-+Protected, api-specific method that attempts to open a device
-+with the given parameters.  This function MUST be implemented by
-+all subclasses.  If an error is encountered during the probe, a
-+"warning" message is reported and FAILURE is returned. A
-+successful probe is indicated by a return value of SUCCESS.
-+*/
-+virtual bool probeDeviceOpen( unsigned int device, StreamMode mode, unsigned int channels, 
-+unsigned int firstChannel, unsigned int sampleRate,
-+RtAudioFormat format, unsigned int *bufferSize,
-+RtAudio::StreamOptions *options );
-+
-+//! A protected function used to increment the stream time.
-+void tickStreamTime( void );
-+
-+//! Protected common method to clear an RtApiStream structure.
-+void clearStreamInfo();
-+
-+/*!
-+Protected common method that throws an RtAudioError (type =
-+INVALID_USE) if a stream is not open.
-+*/
-+void verifyStream( void );
-+
-+//! Protected common error method to allow global control over error handling.
-+void error( RtAudioError::Type type );
-+
-+/*!
-+Protected method used to perform format, channel number, and/or interleaving
-+conversions between the user and device buffers.
-+*/
-+void convertBuffer( char *outBuffer, char *inBuffer, ConvertInfo &info );
- 
--  //! Protected common method used to perform byte-swapping on buffers.
--  void byteSwapBuffer( char *buffer, unsigned int samples, RtAudioFormat format );
-+//! Protected common method used to perform byte-swapping on buffers.
-+void byteSwapBuffer( char *buffer, unsigned int samples, RtAudioFormat format );
++  virtual bool probeDeviceOpen( unsigned int device, StreamMode mode, unsigned int channels, 
+                                 unsigned int firstChannel, unsigned int sampleRate,
+                                 RtAudioFormat format, unsigned int *bufferSize,
+                                 RtAudio::StreamOptions *options );
+@@ -824,6 +820,12 @@ protected:
  
--  //! Protected common method that returns the number of bytes for a given format.
--  unsigned int formatBytes( RtAudioFormat format );
-+//! Protected common method that returns the number of bytes for a given format.
-+unsigned int formatBytes( RtAudioFormat format );
- 
--  //! Protected common method that sets up the parameters for buffer conversion.
--  void setConvertInfo( StreamMode mode, unsigned int firstChannel );
-+//! Protected common method that sets up the parameters for buffer conversion.
-+void setConvertInfo( StreamMode mode, unsigned int firstChannel );
+   //! Protected common method that sets up the parameters for buffer conversion.
+   void setConvertInfo( StreamMode mode, unsigned int firstChannel );
++
++#if defined(__UNIX_JACK__)
++public:
++  /* --- Monocasual hack ---------------------------------------------------- */
++  void *__HACK__getJackClient();
++#endif
  };
  
  // **************************************************************** //
-@@ -832,22 +826,22 @@
+@@ -832,22 +834,22 @@ protected:
  //
  // **************************************************************** //
  
@@ -22086,496 +20881,71 @@ Date: Wed Oct 25 14:21:33 CEST 2017
  
  // RtApi Subclass prototypes.
  
-@@ -859,34 +853,34 @@
- {
- public:
- 
--  RtApiCore();
--  ~RtApiCore();
--  RtAudio::Api getCurrentApi( void ) { return RtAudio::MACOSX_CORE; }
--  unsigned int getDeviceCount( void );
--  RtAudio::DeviceInfo getDeviceInfo( unsigned int device );
--  unsigned int getDefaultOutputDevice( void );
--  unsigned int getDefaultInputDevice( void );
--  void closeStream( void );
--  void startStream( void );
--  void stopStream( void );
--  void abortStream( void );
--  long getStreamLatency( void );
--
--  // This function is intended for internal use only.  It must be
--  // public because it is called by the internal callback handler,
--  // which is not a member of RtAudio.  External use of this function
--  // will most likely produce highly undesireable results!
--  bool callbackEvent( AudioDeviceID deviceId,
--                      const AudioBufferList *inBufferList,
--                      const AudioBufferList *outBufferList );
--
--  private:
--
--  bool probeDeviceOpen( unsigned int device, StreamMode mode, unsigned int channels,
--                        unsigned int firstChannel, unsigned int sampleRate,
--                        RtAudioFormat format, unsigned int *bufferSize,
--                        RtAudio::StreamOptions *options );
--  static const char* getErrorCode( OSStatus code );
-+RtApiCore();
-+~RtApiCore();
-+RtAudio::Api getCurrentApi( void ) { return RtAudio::MACOSX_CORE; }
-+unsigned int getDeviceCount( void );
-+RtAudio::DeviceInfo getDeviceInfo( unsigned int device );
-+unsigned int getDefaultOutputDevice( void );
-+unsigned int getDefaultInputDevice( void );
-+void closeStream( void );
-+void startStream( void );
-+void stopStream( void );
-+void abortStream( void );
-+long getStreamLatency( void );
-+
-+// This function is intended for internal use only.  It must be
-+// public because it is called by the internal callback handler,
-+// which is not a member of RtAudio.  External use of this function
-+// will most likely produce highly undesireable results!
-+bool callbackEvent( AudioDeviceID deviceId,
-+const AudioBufferList *inBufferList,
-+const AudioBufferList *outBufferList );
-+
-+private:
-+
-+bool probeDeviceOpen( unsigned int device, StreamMode mode, unsigned int channels, 
-+unsigned int firstChannel, unsigned int sampleRate,
-+RtAudioFormat format, unsigned int *bufferSize,
-+RtAudio::StreamOptions *options );
-+static const char* getErrorCode( OSStatus code );
- };
- 
- #endif
-@@ -897,29 +891,31 @@
- {
- public:
- 
--  RtApiJack();
--  ~RtApiJack();
--  RtAudio::Api getCurrentApi( void ) { return RtAudio::UNIX_JACK; }
--  unsigned int getDeviceCount( void );
--  RtAudio::DeviceInfo getDeviceInfo( unsigned int device );
--  void closeStream( void );
--  void startStream( void );
--  void stopStream( void );
--  void abortStream( void );
--  long getStreamLatency( void );
--
--  // This function is intended for internal use only.  It must be
--  // public because it is called by the internal callback handler,
--  // which is not a member of RtAudio.  External use of this function
--  // will most likely produce highly undesireable results!
--  bool callbackEvent( unsigned long nframes );
--
--  private:
--
--  bool probeDeviceOpen( unsigned int device, StreamMode mode, unsigned int channels,
--                        unsigned int firstChannel, unsigned int sampleRate,
--                        RtAudioFormat format, unsigned int *bufferSize,
--                        RtAudio::StreamOptions *options );
-+RtApiJack();
-+~RtApiJack();
-+RtAudio::Api getCurrentApi( void ) { return RtAudio::UNIX_JACK; }
-+unsigned int getDeviceCount( void );
-+RtAudio::DeviceInfo getDeviceInfo( unsigned int device );
-+void closeStream( void );
-+void startStream( void );
-+void stopStream( void );
-+void abortStream( void );
-+long getStreamLatency( void );
-+
-+// This function is intended for internal use only.  It must be
-+// public because it is called by the internal callback handler,
-+// which is not a member of RtAudio.  External use of this function
-+// will most likely produce highly undesireable results!
-+bool callbackEvent( unsigned long nframes );
-+
-+private:
-+
-+bool probeDeviceOpen( unsigned int device, StreamMode mode, unsigned int channels, 
-+unsigned int firstChannel, unsigned int sampleRate,
-+RtAudioFormat format, unsigned int *bufferSize,
-+RtAudio::StreamOptions *options );
-+
-+bool shouldAutoconnect_;
- };
+@@ -882,7 +884,7 @@ public:
  
- #endif
-@@ -930,32 +926,32 @@
- {
- public:
+   private:
  
--  RtApiAsio();
--  ~RtApiAsio();
--  RtAudio::Api getCurrentApi( void ) { return RtAudio::WINDOWS_ASIO; }
--  unsigned int getDeviceCount( void );
--  RtAudio::DeviceInfo getDeviceInfo( unsigned int device );
--  void closeStream( void );
--  void startStream( void );
--  void stopStream( void );
--  void abortStream( void );
--  long getStreamLatency( void );
--
--  // This function is intended for internal use only.  It must be
--  // public because it is called by the internal callback handler,
--  // which is not a member of RtAudio.  External use of this function
--  // will most likely produce highly undesireable results!
--  bool callbackEvent( long bufferIndex );
--
--  private:
--
--  std::vector<RtAudio::DeviceInfo> devices_;
--  void saveDeviceInfo( void );
--  bool coInitialized_;
 -  bool probeDeviceOpen( unsigned int device, StreamMode mode, unsigned int channels,
--                        unsigned int firstChannel, unsigned int sampleRate,
--                        RtAudioFormat format, unsigned int *bufferSize,
--                        RtAudio::StreamOptions *options );
-+RtApiAsio();
-+~RtApiAsio();
-+RtAudio::Api getCurrentApi( void ) { return RtAudio::WINDOWS_ASIO; }
-+unsigned int getDeviceCount( void );
-+RtAudio::DeviceInfo getDeviceInfo( unsigned int device );
-+void closeStream( void );
-+void startStream( void );
-+void stopStream( void );
-+void abortStream( void );
-+long getStreamLatency( void );
-+
-+// This function is intended for internal use only.  It must be
-+// public because it is called by the internal callback handler,
-+// which is not a member of RtAudio.  External use of this function
-+// will most likely produce highly undesireable results!
-+bool callbackEvent( long bufferIndex );
-+
-+private:
-+
-+std::vector<RtAudio::DeviceInfo> devices_;
-+void saveDeviceInfo( void );
-+bool coInitialized_;
-+bool probeDeviceOpen( unsigned int device, StreamMode mode, unsigned int channels, 
-+unsigned int firstChannel, unsigned int sampleRate,
-+RtAudioFormat format, unsigned int *bufferSize,
-+RtAudio::StreamOptions *options );
- };
++  bool probeDeviceOpen( unsigned int device, StreamMode mode, unsigned int channels, 
+                         unsigned int firstChannel, unsigned int sampleRate,
+                         RtAudioFormat format, unsigned int *bufferSize,
+                         RtAudio::StreamOptions *options );
+@@ -916,10 +918,12 @@ public:
  
- #endif
-@@ -966,35 +962,35 @@
- {
- public:
+   private:
  
--  RtApiDs();
--  ~RtApiDs();
--  RtAudio::Api getCurrentApi( void ) { return RtAudio::WINDOWS_DS; }
--  unsigned int getDeviceCount( void );
--  unsigned int getDefaultOutputDevice( void );
--  unsigned int getDefaultInputDevice( void );
--  RtAudio::DeviceInfo getDeviceInfo( unsigned int device );
--  void closeStream( void );
--  void startStream( void );
--  void stopStream( void );
--  void abortStream( void );
--  long getStreamLatency( void );
--
--  // This function is intended for internal use only.  It must be
--  // public because it is called by the internal callback handler,
--  // which is not a member of RtAudio.  External use of this function
--  // will most likely produce highly undesireable results!
--  void callbackEvent( void );
--
--  private:
--
--  bool coInitialized_;
--  bool buffersRolling;
--  long duplexPrerollBytes;
--  std::vector<struct DsDevice> dsDevices;
 -  bool probeDeviceOpen( unsigned int device, StreamMode mode, unsigned int channels,
--                        unsigned int firstChannel, unsigned int sampleRate,
--                        RtAudioFormat format, unsigned int *bufferSize,
--                        RtAudio::StreamOptions *options );
-+RtApiDs();
-+~RtApiDs();
-+RtAudio::Api getCurrentApi( void ) { return RtAudio::WINDOWS_DS; }
-+unsigned int getDeviceCount( void );
-+unsigned int getDefaultOutputDevice( void );
-+unsigned int getDefaultInputDevice( void );
-+RtAudio::DeviceInfo getDeviceInfo( unsigned int device );
-+void closeStream( void );
-+void startStream( void );
-+void stopStream( void );
-+void abortStream( void );
-+long getStreamLatency( void );
-+
-+// This function is intended for internal use only.  It must be
-+// public because it is called by the internal callback handler,
-+// which is not a member of RtAudio.  External use of this function
-+// will most likely produce highly undesireable results!
-+void callbackEvent( void );
++  bool probeDeviceOpen( unsigned int device, StreamMode mode, unsigned int channels, 
+                         unsigned int firstChannel, unsigned int sampleRate,
+                         RtAudioFormat format, unsigned int *bufferSize,
+                         RtAudio::StreamOptions *options );
 +
-+private:
-+
-+bool coInitialized_;
-+bool buffersRolling;
-+long duplexPrerollBytes;
-+std::vector<struct DsDevice> dsDevices;
-+bool probeDeviceOpen( unsigned int device, StreamMode mode, unsigned int channels, 
-+unsigned int firstChannel, unsigned int sampleRate,
-+RtAudioFormat format, unsigned int *bufferSize,
-+RtAudio::StreamOptions *options );
++  bool shouldAutoconnect_;
  };
  
  #endif
-@@ -1006,32 +1002,32 @@
- class RtApiWasapi : public RtApi
- {
- public:
--  RtApiWasapi();
--  ~RtApiWasapi();
-+RtApiWasapi();
-+~RtApiWasapi();
- 
--  RtAudio::Api getCurrentApi( void ) { return RtAudio::WINDOWS_WASAPI; }
--  unsigned int getDeviceCount( void );
--  RtAudio::DeviceInfo getDeviceInfo( unsigned int device );
--  unsigned int getDefaultOutputDevice( void );
--  unsigned int getDefaultInputDevice( void );
--  void closeStream( void );
--  void startStream( void );
--  void stopStream( void );
--  void abortStream( void );
-+RtAudio::Api getCurrentApi( void ) { return RtAudio::WINDOWS_WASAPI; }
-+unsigned int getDeviceCount( void );
-+RtAudio::DeviceInfo getDeviceInfo( unsigned int device );
-+unsigned int getDefaultOutputDevice( void );
-+unsigned int getDefaultInputDevice( void );
-+void closeStream( void );
-+void startStream( void );
-+void stopStream( void );
-+void abortStream( void );
- 
- private:
--  bool coInitialized_;
--  IMMDeviceEnumerator* deviceEnumerator_;
-+bool coInitialized_;
-+IMMDeviceEnumerator* deviceEnumerator_;
- 
+@@ -952,7 +956,7 @@ public:
+   std::vector<RtAudio::DeviceInfo> devices_;
+   void saveDeviceInfo( void );
+   bool coInitialized_;
 -  bool probeDeviceOpen( unsigned int device, StreamMode mode, unsigned int channels,
--                        unsigned int firstChannel, unsigned int sampleRate,
--                        RtAudioFormat format, unsigned int* bufferSize,
--                        RtAudio::StreamOptions* options );
--
--  static DWORD WINAPI runWasapiThread( void* wasapiPtr );
--  static DWORD WINAPI stopWasapiThread( void* wasapiPtr );
--  static DWORD WINAPI abortWasapiThread( void* wasapiPtr );
--  void wasapiThread();
-+bool probeDeviceOpen( unsigned int device, StreamMode mode, unsigned int channels,
-+unsigned int firstChannel, unsigned int sampleRate,
-+RtAudioFormat format, unsigned int* bufferSize,
-+RtAudio::StreamOptions* options );
-+
-+static DWORD WINAPI runWasapiThread( void* wasapiPtr );
-+static DWORD WINAPI stopWasapiThread( void* wasapiPtr );
-+static DWORD WINAPI abortWasapiThread( void* wasapiPtr );
-+void wasapiThread();
- };
- 
- #endif
-@@ -1042,30 +1038,30 @@
- {
- public:
- 
--  RtApiAlsa();
--  ~RtApiAlsa();
--  RtAudio::Api getCurrentApi() { return RtAudio::LINUX_ALSA; }
--  unsigned int getDeviceCount( void );
--  RtAudio::DeviceInfo getDeviceInfo( unsigned int device );
--  void closeStream( void );
--  void startStream( void );
--  void stopStream( void );
--  void abortStream( void );
--
--  // This function is intended for internal use only.  It must be
--  // public because it is called by the internal callback handler,
--  // which is not a member of RtAudio.  External use of this function
--  // will most likely produce highly undesireable results!
--  void callbackEvent( void );
--
--  private:
--
--  std::vector<RtAudio::DeviceInfo> devices_;
--  void saveDeviceInfo( void );
++  bool probeDeviceOpen( unsigned int device, StreamMode mode, unsigned int channels, 
+                         unsigned int firstChannel, unsigned int sampleRate,
+                         RtAudioFormat format, unsigned int *bufferSize,
+                         RtAudio::StreamOptions *options );
+@@ -991,7 +995,7 @@ public:
+   bool buffersRolling;
+   long duplexPrerollBytes;
+   std::vector<struct DsDevice> dsDevices;
 -  bool probeDeviceOpen( unsigned int device, StreamMode mode, unsigned int channels,
--                        unsigned int firstChannel, unsigned int sampleRate,
--                        RtAudioFormat format, unsigned int *bufferSize,
--                        RtAudio::StreamOptions *options );
-+RtApiAlsa();
-+~RtApiAlsa();
-+RtAudio::Api getCurrentApi() { return RtAudio::LINUX_ALSA; }
-+unsigned int getDeviceCount( void );
-+RtAudio::DeviceInfo getDeviceInfo( unsigned int device );
-+void closeStream( void );
-+void startStream( void );
-+void stopStream( void );
-+void abortStream( void );
-+
-+// This function is intended for internal use only.  It must be
-+// public because it is called by the internal callback handler,
-+// which is not a member of RtAudio.  External use of this function
-+// will most likely produce highly undesireable results!
-+void callbackEvent( void );
-+
-+private:
-+
-+std::vector<RtAudio::DeviceInfo> devices_;
-+void saveDeviceInfo( void );
-+bool probeDeviceOpen( unsigned int device, StreamMode mode, unsigned int channels, 
-+unsigned int firstChannel, unsigned int sampleRate,
-+RtAudioFormat format, unsigned int *bufferSize,
-+RtAudio::StreamOptions *options );
- };
++  bool probeDeviceOpen( unsigned int device, StreamMode mode, unsigned int channels, 
+                         unsigned int firstChannel, unsigned int sampleRate,
+                         RtAudioFormat format, unsigned int *bufferSize,
+                         RtAudio::StreamOptions *options );
+@@ -1062,7 +1066,7 @@ public:
  
- #endif
-@@ -1075,29 +1071,29 @@
- class RtApiPulse: public RtApi
- {
- public:
--  ~RtApiPulse();
--  RtAudio::Api getCurrentApi() { return RtAudio::LINUX_PULSE; }
--  unsigned int getDeviceCount( void );
--  RtAudio::DeviceInfo getDeviceInfo( unsigned int device );
--  void closeStream( void );
--  void startStream( void );
--  void stopStream( void );
--  void abortStream( void );
--
--  // This function is intended for internal use only.  It must be
--  // public because it is called by the internal callback handler,
--  // which is not a member of RtAudio.  External use of this function
--  // will most likely produce highly undesireable results!
--  void callbackEvent( void );
--
--  private:
--
--  std::vector<RtAudio::DeviceInfo> devices_;
--  void saveDeviceInfo( void );
+   std::vector<RtAudio::DeviceInfo> devices_;
+   void saveDeviceInfo( void );
 -  bool probeDeviceOpen( unsigned int device, StreamMode mode, unsigned int channels,
--                        unsigned int firstChannel, unsigned int sampleRate,
--                        RtAudioFormat format, unsigned int *bufferSize,
--                        RtAudio::StreamOptions *options );
-+~RtApiPulse();
-+RtAudio::Api getCurrentApi() { return RtAudio::LINUX_PULSE; }
-+unsigned int getDeviceCount( void );
-+RtAudio::DeviceInfo getDeviceInfo( unsigned int device );
-+void closeStream( void );
-+void startStream( void );
-+void stopStream( void );
-+void abortStream( void );
-+
-+// This function is intended for internal use only.  It must be
-+// public because it is called by the internal callback handler,
-+// which is not a member of RtAudio.  External use of this function
-+// will most likely produce highly undesireable results!
-+void callbackEvent( void );
-+
-+private:
-+
-+std::vector<RtAudio::DeviceInfo> devices_;
-+void saveDeviceInfo( void );
-+bool probeDeviceOpen( unsigned int device, StreamMode mode, unsigned int channels,
-+unsigned int firstChannel, unsigned int sampleRate,
-+RtAudioFormat format, unsigned int *bufferSize,
-+RtAudio::StreamOptions *options );
- };
++  bool probeDeviceOpen( unsigned int device, StreamMode mode, unsigned int channels, 
+                         unsigned int firstChannel, unsigned int sampleRate,
+                         RtAudioFormat format, unsigned int *bufferSize,
+                         RtAudio::StreamOptions *options );
+@@ -1126,7 +1130,7 @@ public:
  
- #endif
-@@ -1108,28 +1104,28 @@
- {
- public:
+   private:
  
--  RtApiOss();
--  ~RtApiOss();
--  RtAudio::Api getCurrentApi() { return RtAudio::LINUX_OSS; }
--  unsigned int getDeviceCount( void );
--  RtAudio::DeviceInfo getDeviceInfo( unsigned int device );
--  void closeStream( void );
--  void startStream( void );
--  void stopStream( void );
--  void abortStream( void );
--
--  // This function is intended for internal use only.  It must be
--  // public because it is called by the internal callback handler,
--  // which is not a member of RtAudio.  External use of this function
--  // will most likely produce highly undesireable results!
--  void callbackEvent( void );
--
--  private:
--
 -  bool probeDeviceOpen( unsigned int device, StreamMode mode, unsigned int channels,
--                        unsigned int firstChannel, unsigned int sampleRate,
--                        RtAudioFormat format, unsigned int *bufferSize,
--                        RtAudio::StreamOptions *options );
-+RtApiOss();
-+~RtApiOss();
-+RtAudio::Api getCurrentApi() { return RtAudio::LINUX_OSS; }
-+unsigned int getDeviceCount( void );
-+RtAudio::DeviceInfo getDeviceInfo( unsigned int device );
-+void closeStream( void );
-+void startStream( void );
-+void stopStream( void );
-+void abortStream( void );
-+
-+// This function is intended for internal use only.  It must be
-+// public because it is called by the internal callback handler,
-+// which is not a member of RtAudio.  External use of this function
-+// will most likely produce highly undesireable results!
-+void callbackEvent( void );
-+
-+private:
-+
-+bool probeDeviceOpen( unsigned int device, StreamMode mode, unsigned int channels, 
-+unsigned int firstChannel, unsigned int sampleRate,
-+RtAudioFormat format, unsigned int *bufferSize,
-+RtAudio::StreamOptions *options );
- };
++  bool probeDeviceOpen( unsigned int device, StreamMode mode, unsigned int channels, 
+                         unsigned int firstChannel, unsigned int sampleRate,
+                         RtAudioFormat format, unsigned int *bufferSize,
+                         RtAudio::StreamOptions *options );
+@@ -1151,7 +1155,7 @@ public:
  
- #endif
-@@ -1140,21 +1136,21 @@
- {
- public:
+   private:
  
--  RtApiDummy() { errorText_ = "RtApiDummy: This class provides no functionality."; error( RtAudioError::WARNING ); }
--  RtAudio::Api getCurrentApi( void ) { return RtAudio::RTAUDIO_DUMMY; }
--  unsigned int getDeviceCount( void ) { return 0; }
--  RtAudio::DeviceInfo getDeviceInfo( unsigned int /*device*/ ) { RtAudio::DeviceInfo info; return info; }
--  void closeStream( void ) {}
--  void startStream( void ) {}
--  void stopStream( void ) {}
--  void abortStream( void ) {}
--
--  private:
--
 -  bool probeDeviceOpen( unsigned int /*device*/, StreamMode /*mode*/, unsigned int /*channels*/,
--                        unsigned int /*firstChannel*/, unsigned int /*sampleRate*/,
--                        RtAudioFormat /*format*/, unsigned int * /*bufferSize*/,
--                        RtAudio::StreamOptions * /*options*/ ) { return false; }
-+RtApiDummy() { errorText_ = "RtApiDummy: This class provides no functionality."; error( RtAudioError::WARNING ); }
-+RtAudio::Api getCurrentApi( void ) { return RtAudio::RTAUDIO_DUMMY; }
-+unsigned int getDeviceCount( void ) { return 0; }
-+RtAudio::DeviceInfo getDeviceInfo( unsigned int /*device*/ ) { RtAudio::DeviceInfo info; return info; }
-+void closeStream( void ) {}
-+void startStream( void ) {}
-+void stopStream( void ) {}
-+void abortStream( void ) {}
-+
-+private:
-+
-+bool probeDeviceOpen( unsigned int /*device*/, StreamMode /*mode*/, unsigned int /*channels*/, 
-+unsigned int /*firstChannel*/, unsigned int /*sampleRate*/,
-+RtAudioFormat /*format*/, unsigned int * /*bufferSize*/,
-+RtAudio::StreamOptions * /*options*/ ) { return false; }
- };
- 
- #endif
++  bool probeDeviceOpen( unsigned int /*device*/, StreamMode /*mode*/, unsigned int /*channels*/, 
+                         unsigned int /*firstChannel*/, unsigned int /*sampleRate*/,
+                         RtAudioFormat /*format*/, unsigned int * /*bufferSize*/,
+                         RtAudio::StreamOptions * /*options*/ ) { return false; }
diff --git a/debian/patches/02-rtmidi-pkgconfig.patch b/debian/patches/02-rtmidi-pkgconfig.patch
index a13d6e0..b1b82fc 100644
--- a/debian/patches/02-rtmidi-pkgconfig.patch
+++ b/debian/patches/02-rtmidi-pkgconfig.patch
@@ -1,9 +1,17 @@
-Subject: build with new rtmidi lib.
 From: James Cowgill <jcowgill at debian.org>
-Forwarded: <giadaloopmachine at gmail.com>
---- giada.orig/Makefile.am
-+++ giada/Makefile.am
-@@ -285,9 +285,9 @@
+Date: Wed, 25 Oct 2017 14:25:50 +0200
+Subject: build with new rtmidi lib.
+
+---
+ Makefile.am  | 6 +++---
+ configure.ac | 8 +-------
+ 2 files changed, 4 insertions(+), 10 deletions(-)
+
+diff --git a/Makefile.am b/Makefile.am
+index 2e2a260..88520ca 100644
+--- a/Makefile.am
++++ b/Makefile.am
+@@ -285,9 +285,9 @@ if LINUX
  giada_SOURCES += src/deps/rtaudio-mod/RtAudio.h src/deps/rtaudio-mod/RtAudio.cpp
  # -Wno-error=unused-function: don't stop on JUCE's unused functions
  giada_CXXFLAGS += -Wno-error=unused-function
@@ -15,7 +23,7 @@ Forwarded: <giadaloopmachine at gmail.com>
    -lfreetype
  endif
  
-@@ -374,7 +374,7 @@
+@@ -374,7 +374,7 @@ src/deps/juce/modules/juce_gui_extra/juce_gui_extra.cpp
  endif
  
  giada_tests_LDADD = -ljansson -lsndfile -lsamplerate -lfltk -lXext -lX11 -lXft \
@@ -24,9 +32,11 @@ Forwarded: <giadaloopmachine at gmail.com>
    -lfreetype
  
  giada_tests_CXXFLAGS = -std=c++11
---- giada.orig/configure.ac
-+++ giada/configure.ac
-@@ -118,13 +118,7 @@
+diff --git a/configure.ac b/configure.ac
+index c518a2c..7ca0fac 100644
+--- a/configure.ac
++++ b/configure.ac
+@@ -118,13 +118,7 @@ AC_CHECK_HEADER(
  )
  AC_LANG_POP
  
diff --git a/debian/patches/04-catch.patch b/debian/patches/04-catch.patch
index b6b26c4..f01c257 100644
--- a/debian/patches/04-catch.patch
+++ b/debian/patches/04-catch.patch
@@ -1,16 +1,21 @@
+From: =?utf-8?b?SmFyb23DrXIgTWlrZcWh?= <mira.mikes at seznam.cz>
+Date: Wed, 25 Oct 2017 14:25:50 +0200
 Subject: test with system-wide catch.
-From: Jaromír Mikeš <mira.mikes at seznam.cz>
-Forwarded: no
 
---- giada.orig/tests/main.cpp
-+++ giada/tests/main.cpp
-@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
- #define CATCH_CONFIG_MAIN
- #define CATCH_CONFIG_FAST_COMPILE
--#include "catch/single_include/catch.hpp"
-+#include <catch.hpp>
---- giada.orig/tests/conf.cpp
-+++ giada/tests/conf.cpp
+---
+ tests/conf.cpp        | 2 +-
+ tests/main.cpp        | 2 +-
+ tests/midiMapConf.cpp | 2 +-
+ tests/patch.cpp       | 2 +-
+ tests/recorder.cpp    | 2 +-
+ tests/utils.cpp       | 2 +-
+ tests/wave.cpp        | 2 +-
+ 7 files changed, 7 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-)
+
+diff --git a/tests/conf.cpp b/tests/conf.cpp
+index a561d1a..df9113c 100644
+--- a/tests/conf.cpp
++++ b/tests/conf.cpp
 @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
  #include "../src/core/const.h"
  #include "../src/core/conf.h"
@@ -19,8 +24,19 @@ Forwarded: no
  
  
  using std::string;
---- giada.orig/tests/midiMapConf.cpp
-+++ giada/tests/midiMapConf.cpp
+diff --git a/tests/main.cpp b/tests/main.cpp
+index eb3c215..37c527d 100644
+--- a/tests/main.cpp
++++ b/tests/main.cpp
+@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
+ #define CATCH_CONFIG_MAIN
+ #define CATCH_CONFIG_FAST_COMPILE
+-#include "catch/single_include/catch.hpp"
++#include <catch.hpp>
+diff --git a/tests/midiMapConf.cpp b/tests/midiMapConf.cpp
+index 28b3779..5903fca 100644
+--- a/tests/midiMapConf.cpp
++++ b/tests/midiMapConf.cpp
 @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
  #include "../src/core/const.h"
  #include "../src/core/midiMapConf.h"
@@ -29,8 +45,10 @@ Forwarded: no
  
  
  using std::string;
---- giada.orig/tests/patch.cpp
-+++ giada/tests/patch.cpp
+diff --git a/tests/patch.cpp b/tests/patch.cpp
+index da55162..b7a0808 100644
+--- a/tests/patch.cpp
++++ b/tests/patch.cpp
 @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
  #include "../src/core/patch.h"
  #include "../src/core/const.h"
@@ -39,8 +57,10 @@ Forwarded: no
  
  
  using std::string;
---- giada.orig/tests/recorder.cpp
-+++ giada/tests/recorder.cpp
+diff --git a/tests/recorder.cpp b/tests/recorder.cpp
+index eda8ec8..ca546d9 100644
+--- a/tests/recorder.cpp
++++ b/tests/recorder.cpp
 @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
  #include "../src/core/recorder.h"
  #include "../src/core/const.h"
@@ -49,8 +69,10 @@ Forwarded: no
  
  
  using std::string;
---- giada.orig/tests/utils.cpp
-+++ giada/tests/utils.cpp
+diff --git a/tests/utils.cpp b/tests/utils.cpp
+index 852b77a..0e67001 100644
+--- a/tests/utils.cpp
++++ b/tests/utils.cpp
 @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
  #include "../src/utils/fs.h"
  #include "../src/utils/string.h"
@@ -59,8 +81,10 @@ Forwarded: no
  
  
  using std::vector;
---- giada.orig/tests/wave.cpp
-+++ giada/tests/wave.cpp
+diff --git a/tests/wave.cpp b/tests/wave.cpp
+index 4f2e18a..167ca36 100644
+--- a/tests/wave.cpp
++++ b/tests/wave.cpp
 @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
  #include <memory>
  #include "../src/core/wave.h"
diff --git a/debian/patches/series b/debian/patches/series
index f1d1d9b..a09bfd0 100644
--- a/debian/patches/series
+++ b/debian/patches/series
@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
+01-rtaudio5.patch
 02-rtmidi-pkgconfig.patch
 04-catch.patch
-01-rtaudio5.patch

-- 
giada packaging



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